Índia britânica (Portuguese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Índia britânica" in Portuguese language version.
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aljazeera.com
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- Helen S. Dyer, Pandita Ramabai: the story of her life (1900) online
- Stephen P. Cohen (2004). The Idea of Pakistan. [S.l.]: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-1502-3
- D. N. Panigrahi (2004). India's partition: the story of imperialism in retreat. [S.l.]: Routledge. pp. 151–52. ISBN 978-1-280-04817-3
- Sarvepalli Gopal (1976). Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography. [S.l.]: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-47310-2. Consultado em 21 Fev 2012
- Brown 1994, p. 330 Quote: "India had always been a minority interest in British public life; no great body of public opinion now emerged to argue that war-weary and impoverished Britain should send troops and money to hold it against its will in an empire of doubtful value. By late 1946 both Prime Minister and Secretary of State for India recognized that neither international opinion no their own voters would stand for any reassertion of the raj, even if there had been the men, money, and administrative machinery with which to do so." Sarkar 2004, p. 418 Quote: "With a war weary army and people and a ravaged economy, Britain would have had to retreat; the Labour victory only quickened the process somewhat." Metcalf & Metcalf 2006, p. 212 Quote: "More importantly, though victorious in war, Britain had suffered immensely in the struggle. It simply did not possess the manpower or economic resources required to coerce a restive India." Brown, Judith M. (1994) [First published 1984], Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy, ISBN 978-0-19-873113-9, Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 474. Sarkar, Sumit (2004) [First published 1983], Modern India, 1885–1947, ISBN 978-0-333-90425-1, Delhi: Macmillan Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006), A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories), ISBN 978-0-521-68225-1, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xxxiii, 372
- The Imperial Gazetteer of India. II. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 463, 470
- Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1909, p. 60 The Imperial Gazetteer of India, IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909
- Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1909, p. 46 The Imperial Gazetteer of India, IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909
- Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1909, p. 46 The Imperial Gazetteer of India, IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909
- Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV 1909, p. 56 The Imperial Gazetteer of India, IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909
- Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863
- «Punjab disturbances, April 1919; compiled from the Civil and military gazette». Lahore Civil and Military Gazette Press 1921. Consultado em 18 Ago 2022
bbc.co.uk
- Kaul, Chandrika. «From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947». Consultado em 3 Mar 2011. Arquivado do original em 17 Jun 2016
- Dr Chandrika Kaul (3 Mar 2011). «From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947». History. BBC. Consultado em 2 Ago 2014. Arquivado do original em 17 Jun 2016
- Dr Chandrika Kaul (3 Mar 2011). «From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947». History. BBC. Consultado em 2 Ago 2014. Arquivado do original em 17 Jun 2016
- Dr Chandrika Kaul (3 Mar 2011). «From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947». History. BBC. Consultado em 2 Ago 2014. Arquivado do original em 17 Jun 2016
bbc.com
- «World Cup 2022: How football fever is gripping cricket-crazy India». BBC News (em inglês). 19 Nov 2022. Consultado em 4 Jan 2023. Arquivado do original em 4 Jan 2023
bl.uk
- «Indian Independence». British Library: Help for Researchers. British Library. Consultado em 2 Ago 2014. Arquivado do original em 11 Ago 2018
books.google.com
- Hirst, Jacqueline Suthren; Zavros, John (2011), Religious Traditions in Modern South Asia, ISBN 978-0-415-44787-4, London and New York: Routledge, consultado em 24 de maio de 2022, cópia arquivada em 23 de setembro de 2023,
As the (Mughal) empire began to decline in the mid-eighteenth century, some of these regional administrations assumed a greater degree of power. Amongst these ... was the East India Company, a British trading company established by Royal Charter of Elizabeth I of England in 1600. The Company gradually expanded its influence in South Asia, in the first instance through coastal trading posts at Surat, Madras and Calcutta. (The British) expanded their influence, winning political control of Bengal and Bihar after the Battle of Plassey in 1757. From here, the Company expanded its influence dramatically across the subcontinent. By 1857, it had direct control over much of the region. The great rebellion of that year, however, demonstrated the limitations of this commercial company's ability to administer these vast territories, and in 1858 the Company was effectively nationalized, with the British Crown assuming administrative control. Hence began the period known as the British Raj, which ended in 1947 with the partition of the subcontinent into the independent nation-states of India and Pakistan.
Amongst these ... was the East India Company, a British trading company established by Royal Charter of Elizabeth I of England in 1600. The Company gradually expanded its influence in South Asia, in the first instance through coastal trading posts at Surat, Madras and Calcutta. (The British) expanded their influence, winning political control of Bengal and Bihar after the Battle of Plassey in 1757. From here, the Company expanded its influence dramatically across the subcontinent. By 1857, it had direct control over much of the region. The great rebellion of that year, however, demonstrated the limitations of this commercial company's ability to administer these vast territories, and in 1858 the Company was effectively nationalized, with the British Crown assuming administrative control. Hence began the period known as the British Raj, which ended in 1947 with the partition of the subcontinent into the independent nation-states of India and Pakistan.
- Steinback, Susie L. (2012), Understanding the Victorians: Politics, Culture and Society in Nineteenth-Century Britain, ISBN 978-0-415-77408-6, London and New York: Routledge, p. 68, consultado em 24 de maio de 2022, cópia arquivada em 23 de setembro de 2023,
The rebellion was put down by the end of 1858. The British government passed the Government of India Act, and began direct Crown rule. This era was referred to as the British Raj (though in practice much remained the same).
The British government passed the Government of India Act, and began direct Crown rule. This era was referred to as the British Raj (though in practice much remained the same).
- Glanville, Luke (2013), Sovereignty and the Responsibility to Protect: A New History, ISBN 978-0-226-07708-6, University of Chicago Press, p. 120, consultado em 23 de agosto de 2020, cópia arquivada em 23 de setembro de 2023 Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858."
- Vanderven, Elizabeth (2019), «National Education Systems: Asia», in: Rury, John L.; Tamura, Eileen H., The Oxford Handbook of the History of Education, ISBN 978-0-19-934003-3, Oxford University Press, pp. 213–227, 222, consultado em 24 de maio de 2022, cópia arquivada em 23 de setembro de 2023,
During the British East India Company's domination of the Indian subcontinent (1757–1858) and the subsequent British Raj (1858–1947), it was Western-style education that came to be promoted by many as the base upon which a national and uniform education system should be built.
- Bowen, H. V.; Mancke, Elizabeth; Reid, John G. (2012), Britain's Oceanic Empire: Atlantic and Indian Ocean Worlds, C. 1550–1850, ISBN 978-1-107-02014-6, Cambridge University Press, p. 106 Quote: "British India, meanwhile, was itself the powerful 'metropolis' of its own colonial empire, 'the Indian empire'."
- Mansergh, Nicholas (1974), Constitutional relations between Britain and India, ISBN 978-0-11-580016-0, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, p. xxx, consultado em 19 de setembro de 2013 Quote: "India Executive Council: Sir Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Sir Firoz Khan Noon and Sir V. T. Krishnamachari served as India's delegates to the London Commonwealth Meeting, April 1945, and the U.N. San Francisco Conference on International Organisation, April–June 1945."
- Subodh Kapoor (2002). The Indian encyclopaedia: biographical, historical, religious ..., Volume 6. [S.l.]: Cosmo Publications. p. 1599. ISBN 978-81-7755-257-7
- Spear 1990, p. 147 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, pp. 145–46: "The army took on the form which survived till independence... The Bengal army was completely recast... The Brahmin element from Uttar Pradesh, the core of the original mutiny, was heavily reduced and its place taken by Gurkhas, Sikhs, and Punjabis." Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, p. 147 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, pp. 149–150 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, pp. 150–151 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, p. 150 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, pp. 147–48 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, p. 151 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, p. 169 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, p. 170 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- V. Sankaran Nair, Swadeshi movement: The beginnings of student unrest in South India (1985) excerpt and text search
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- Robb 2002, p. 174: Violence too could be ... repressed, partly because it was eschewed by the mainstream of educated politicians – despite the attraction to some of them of ... movements such as Bengal's Anusilan Samiti or Punjab's Ghadr Party. Robb, Peter (2002), A History of India, ISBN 978-0-230-34549-2, Palgrave Macmillan
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- Spear 1990, p. 190 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, p. 190 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
- Spear 1990, p. 190 Spear, Percival (1990) [First published 1965], A History of India, Volume 2, ISBN 978-0-14-013836-8, New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298.
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- Robb 2002, p. 190 Robb, Peter (2002), A History of India, ISBN 978-0-230-34549-2, Palgrave Macmillan
- Stein 2010, pp. 305, 325": Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Bose were among those who, impatient with Gandhi's programmes and methods, looked upon socialism as an alternative for nationalistic policies capable of meeting the country's economic and social needs, as well as a link to potential international support. (p. 325) (p. 345)" Stein, Burton (2010) [First published 1998], A History of India, ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1 2nd ed. , John Wiley & Sons, consultado em 13 de fevereiro de 2016, cópia arquivada em 12 de julho de 2023.
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- Hawes, Christopher J. (1996). Poor Relations: The Making of a Eurasian Community in British India, 1773-1833 (em inglês). [S.l.]: Psychology Press
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The earlier grammars and dictionaries made it possible for the British government to replace Persian with vernacular languages at the lower levels of the judicial and revenue administration in 1837, that is, to standardize and index terminology for official use and provide for its translation to the language of the ultimate ruling authority, English. For such purposes, Hindustani was equated with Urdu, as opposed to any geographically defined dialect of Hindi and was given official status through large parts of north India. Written in the Persian script with a largely Persian and, via Persian, an Arabic vocabulary, Urdu stood at the shortest distance from the previous situation and was easily attainable by the same personnel. In the wake of this official transformation, the British government began to make its first significant efforts on behalf of vernacular education.
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—Capital of the Indian Empire, situated in 22° 34' N and 88° 22' E, on the east or left bank of the Hooghly river, within the Twenty-four Parganas District, Bengal
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—Head-quarters of Simla District, Punjab, and the summer capital of the Government of India, situated on a transverse spur of the Central Himālayan system system, in 31° 6' N and 77° 10' E, at a mean elevation above sea-level of 7,084 feet.
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—Capital of the Indian Empire, situated in 22° 34' N and 88° 22' E, on the east or left bank of the Hooghly river, within the Twenty-four Parganas District, Bengal
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—Head-quarters of Simla District, Punjab, and the summer capital of the Government of India, situated on a transverse spur of the Central Himālayan system system, in 31° 6' N and 77° 10' E, at a mean elevation above sea-level of 7,084 feet.
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The earlier grammars and dictionaries made it possible for the British government to replace Persian with vernacular languages at the lower levels of the judicial and revenue administration in 1837, that is, to standardize and index terminology for official use and provide for its translation to the language of the ultimate ruling authority, English. For such purposes, Hindustani was equated with Urdu, as opposed to any geographically defined dialect of Hindi and was given official status through large parts of north India. Written in the Persian script with a largely Persian and, via Persian, an Arabic vocabulary, Urdu stood at the shortest distance from the previous situation and was easily attainable by the same personnel. In the wake of this official transformation, the British government began to make its first significant efforts on behalf of vernacular education.
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As the (Mughal) empire began to decline in the mid-eighteenth century, some of these regional administrations assumed a greater degree of power. Amongst these ... was the East India Company, a British trading company established by Royal Charter of Elizabeth I of England in 1600. The Company gradually expanded its influence in South Asia, in the first instance through coastal trading posts at Surat, Madras and Calcutta. (The British) expanded their influence, winning political control of Bengal and Bihar after the Battle of Plassey in 1757. From here, the Company expanded its influence dramatically across the subcontinent. By 1857, it had direct control over much of the region. The great rebellion of that year, however, demonstrated the limitations of this commercial company's ability to administer these vast territories, and in 1858 the Company was effectively nationalized, with the British Crown assuming administrative control. Hence began the period known as the British Raj, which ended in 1947 with the partition of the subcontinent into the independent nation-states of India and Pakistan.
Amongst these ... was the East India Company, a British trading company established by Royal Charter of Elizabeth I of England in 1600. The Company gradually expanded its influence in South Asia, in the first instance through coastal trading posts at Surat, Madras and Calcutta. (The British) expanded their influence, winning political control of Bengal and Bihar after the Battle of Plassey in 1757. From here, the Company expanded its influence dramatically across the subcontinent. By 1857, it had direct control over much of the region. The great rebellion of that year, however, demonstrated the limitations of this commercial company's ability to administer these vast territories, and in 1858 the Company was effectively nationalized, with the British Crown assuming administrative control. Hence began the period known as the British Raj, which ended in 1947 with the partition of the subcontinent into the independent nation-states of India and Pakistan.
- Steinback, Susie L. (2012), Understanding the Victorians: Politics, Culture and Society in Nineteenth-Century Britain, ISBN 978-0-415-77408-6, London and New York: Routledge, p. 68, consultado em 24 de maio de 2022, cópia arquivada em 23 de setembro de 2023,
The rebellion was put down by the end of 1858. The British government passed the Government of India Act, and began direct Crown rule. This era was referred to as the British Raj (though in practice much remained the same).
The British government passed the Government of India Act, and began direct Crown rule. This era was referred to as the British Raj (though in practice much remained the same).
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During the British East India Company's domination of the Indian subcontinent (1757–1858) and the subsequent British Raj (1858–1947), it was Western-style education that came to be promoted by many as the base upon which a national and uniform education system should be built.
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