Metal alcalin (Romanian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Metal alcalin" in Romanian language version.

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34doi.org

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Oddo, Giuseppe (1914). „Die Molekularstruktur der radioaktiven Atome”. Zeitschrift für Anorganische Chemie. 87: 253–268. doi:10.1002/zaac.19140870118.
Landau, A.; Eliav, E.; Ishikawa, Y.; Kaldor, U. (2001). „Benchmark calculations of electron affinities of the alkali atoms sodium to eka-francium (element 119)”. J. Chem. Phys. 115 (6): 2389. Bibcode:2001JChPh.115.2389L. doi:10.1063/1.1386413.

acs.org

pubs.acs.org

Kaner, Richard (2003). „C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table – Cesium”. American Chemical Society. Accesat în 25 februarie 2010.

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Coghill, Anne M.; Garson, Lorrin R., ed. (2006). The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information (ed. 3rd). Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-8412-3999-9.
„Francium”. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology. 7. McGraw-Hill Professional. 2002. pp. 493–494. ISBN 978-0-07-913665-7.
Pauling, Linus (1960). The Nature of the Chemical Bond (ed. Third). Cornell University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8014-0333-0.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

du Monceau, H. L. D. „Sur la Base de Sel Marine”. Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (în franceză): 65–68.

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Marggraf, Andreas Siegmund (1761). Chymische Schriften (în germană). p. 167.
Davy, Humphry (1808). „On some new phenomena of chemical changes produced by electricity, in particular the decomposition of the fixed alkalies, and the exhibition of the new substances that constitute their bases; and on the general nature of alkaline bodies”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 98: 1–44. doi:10.1098/rstl.1808.0001 .
Weeks, Mary (2003). Discovery of the Elements. Whitefish, Montana, United States: Kessinger Publishing. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-7661-3872-8. Accesat în 10 august 2009. ^{[nefuncțională]}
North, John (2008). Cosmos an illustrated history of astronomy and cosmology (ed. Rev. and updated). Univ. of Chicago Press. p. 602. ISBN 978-0-226-59441-5.
Albarède, Francis (2003). Geochemistry: an introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89148-6.
Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 151–153. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.

britannica.com

Seaborg, G. T. (2006). „transuranium element (chemical element)”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Accesat în 16 martie 2010.

chemeducator.org

Adloff, Jean-Pierre; Kaufman, George B. (25 September 2005). Francium (Atomic Number 87), the Last Discovered Natural Element Arhivat în 4 iunie 2013, la Wayback Machine.. The Chemical Educator 10 (5). Retrieved 26 March 2007.

chemguide.co.uk

Clark, Jim (2005). „Compounds of the Group 1 Elements”. chemguide. Accesat în 10 august 2009.
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chemistryworld.com

„Hunt for element 119 set to begin”. Chemistry World. 12 septembrie 2017. Accesat în 9 ianuarie 2018.

doi.org

Coplen, T. B.; Peiser, H. S. (1998). „History of the recommended atomic-weight values from 1882 to 1997: a comparison of differences from current values to the estimated uncertainties of earlier values” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 70 (1): 237–257. doi:10.1351/pac199870010237.
Fluck, E. (1988). „New Notations in the Periodic Table” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 60 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431. Accesat în 24 martie 2012.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). „The discovery of the elements. IX. Three alkali metals: Potassium, sodium, and lithium”. Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (6): 1035. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1035W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1035.
Siegfried, R. (1963). „The Discovery of Potassium and Sodium, and the Problem of the Chemical Elements”. Isis. 54 (2): 247–258. doi:10.1086/349704. JSTOR 228541. PMID 14147904.
Siegfried, R. (1963). „The Discovery of Potassium and Sodium, and the Problem of the Chemical Elements”. Isis. 54 (2): 247–258. doi:10.1086/349704. JSTOR 228541. PMID 14147904.
Davy, Humphry (1808). „On some new phenomena of chemical changes produced by electricity, in particular the decomposition of the fixed alkalies, and the exhibition of the new substances that constitute their bases; and on the general nature of alkaline bodies”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 98: 1–44. doi:10.1098/rstl.1808.0001 .
Shaposhnik, V. A. (2007). „History of the discovery of potassium and sodium (on the 200th anniversary of the discovery of potassium and sodium)”. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 62 (11): 1100–1102. doi:10.1134/S1061934807110160.
Kirchhoff, G.; Bunsen, R. (1861). „Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen” (PDF). Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 189 (7): 337–381. Bibcode:1861AnP...189..337K. doi:10.1002/andp.18611890702.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). „The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some spectroscopic discoveries”. Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1413–1434. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1413W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1413.
Jensen, William B. (2003). „The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table” (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. American Chemical Society. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 11 iunie 2010. Accesat în 6 mai 2012.
Jensen, William B. (2003). „The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table” (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. American Chemical Society. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 11 iunie 2010. Accesat în 6 mai 2012.
MacPherson, H. G. (1934). „An Investigation of the Magneto-Optic Method of Chemical Analysis”. Physical Review. American Physical Society. 47 (4): 310–315. Bibcode:1935PhRv...47..310M. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.47.310.
Lougheed, R. W.; Landrum, J. H.; Hulet, E. K.; Wild, J. F.; Dougan, R. J.; Dougan, A. D.; Gäggeler, H.; Schädel, M.; Moody, K. J.; Gregorich, K. E.; Seaborg, G. (1985). „Search for superheavy elements using ⁴⁸Ca + ²⁵⁴Es^g reaction”. Physical Review C. 32 (5): 1760–1763. Bibcode:1985PhRvC..32.1760L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.32.1760. PMID 9953034.
Schadel, M.; Brüchle, W.; Brügger, M.; Gäggeler, H.; Moody, K.; Schardt, D.; Sümmerer, K.; Hulet, E.; Dougan, A.; et al. (1986). „Heavy isotope production by multinucleon transfer reactions with ²⁵⁴Es”. Journal of the Less Common Metals. 122: 411–417. doi:10.1016/0022-5088(86)90435-2.
Lodders, Katharina (2003). „Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements”. The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–1247. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492 .
Oddo, Giuseppe (1914). „Die Molekularstruktur der radioaktiven Atome”. Zeitschrift für Anorganische Chemie. 87: 253–268. doi:10.1002/zaac.19140870118.
Harkins, William D. (1917). „The Evolution of the Elements and the Stability of Complex Atoms. I. A New Periodic System Which Shows a Relation Between the Abundance of the Elements and the Structure of the Nuclei of Atoms”. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 39 (5): 856–879. doi:10.1021/ja02250a002.
Morgan, J. W.; Anders, E. (1980). „Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 77 (12): 6973–6977. Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.6973M. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.6973 . PMC 350422 . PMID 16592930.
Schwochau, Klaus (1984). „Extraction of metals from sea water”. Inorganic Chemistry. Topics in Current Chemistry. 124/1984. pp. 91–133. doi:10.1007/3-540-13534-0_3. ISBN 978-3-540-13534-0.
Wise, M. A. (1995). „Trace element chemistry of lithium-rich micas from rare-element granitic pegmatites”. Mineralogy and Petrology. 55 (13): 203–215. Bibcode:1995MinPe..55..203W. doi:10.1007/BF01162588.
Wise, M. A. (1995). „Trace element chemistry of lithium-rich micas from rare-element granitic pegmatites”. Mineralogy and Petrology. 55 (13): 203–215. Bibcode:1995MinPe..55..203W. doi:10.1007/BF01162588.
Wieser, Michael E.; Berglund, Michael (2009). „Atomic weights of the elements 2007 (IUPAC Technical Report)” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 81 (11): 2131–2156. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-09-08-03. Accesat în 7 februarie 2012.
Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2011). „Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 83 (2): 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. Accesat în 11 februarie 2012.
Andreev, S.V.; Letokhov, V.S.; Mishin, V.I. (1987). „Laser resonance photoionization spectroscopy of Rydberg levels in Fr”. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (12): 1274–76. Bibcode:1987PhRvL..59.1274A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1274. PMID 10035190.
Allred, A. L. (1961). „Electronegativity values from thermochemical data”. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 17 (3–4): 215–221. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(61)80142-5.
Dye, James L.; Ceraso, Joseph M.; Lok, Mei; Barnett, B. L.; Tehan, Frederick J. (1974). „Crystalline salt of the sodium anion (Na⁻)”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96 (2): 608–609. doi:10.1021/ja00809a060.
Tehan, Frederick J.; Barnett, B. L.; Dye, James L. (1974). „Alkali anions. Preparation and crystal structure of a compound which contains the cryptated sodium cation and the sodium anion”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96 (23): 7203–7208. doi:10.1021/ja00830a005.
Dye, J. L. (1979). „Compounds of Alkali Metal Anions”. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 18 (8): 587–598. doi:10.1002/anie.197905871.
Redko, M. Y.; Huang, R. H.; Jackson, J. E.; Harrison, J. F.; Dye, J. L. (2003). „Barium azacryptand sodide, the first alkalide with an alkaline Earth cation, also contains a novel dimer, (Na₂)²⁻”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (8): 2259–2263. doi:10.1021/ja027241m. PMID 12590555.
Redko, M. Y.; Vlassa, M.; Jackson, J. E.; Misiolek, A. W.; Huang, R. H.; Dye, J. L. (2002). „"Inverse sodium hydride": a crystalline salt that contains H⁺ and Na⁻”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (21): 5928–5929. doi:10.1021/ja025655+. PMID 12022811.
Sawicka, A.; Skurski, P.; Simons, J. (2003). „Inverse Sodium Hydride: A Theoretical Study” (PDF). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (13): 3954–3958. doi:10.1021/ja021136v. PMID 12656631.
Persson, Ingmar (2010). „Hydrated metal ions in aqueous solution: How regular are their structures?” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 82 (10): 1901–1917. doi:10.1351/PAC-CON-09-10-22. Accesat în 23 august 2014.
Persson, Ingmar (2010). „Hydrated metal ions in aqueous solution: How regular are their structures?” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 82 (10): 1901–1917. doi:10.1351/PAC-CON-09-10-22. Accesat în 23 august 2014.
Landau, A.; Eliav, E.; Ishikawa, Y.; Kaldor, U. (2001). „Benchmark calculations of electron affinities of the alkali atoms sodium to eka-francium (element 119)”. J. Chem. Phys. 115 (6): 2389. Bibcode:2001JChPh.115.2389L. doi:10.1063/1.1386413.

enclabs.com

„Some Facts about Lithium”. ENC Labs. Arhivat din original la 10 iulie 2011. Accesat în 15 octombrie 2010.

google.com

Shriver, Duward; Atkins, Peter (2006). Inorganic Chemistry. W. H. Freeman. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-7167-4878-6. Accesat în 10 noiembrie 2012.
Shriver, Duward; Atkins, Peter (2006). Inorganic Chemistry. W. H. Freeman. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-7167-4878-6. Accesat în 10 noiembrie 2012.

harvard.edu

adsabs.harvard.edu

Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). „The discovery of the elements. IX. Three alkali metals: Potassium, sodium, and lithium”. Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (6): 1035. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1035W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1035.
Kirchhoff, G.; Bunsen, R. (1861). „Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen” (PDF). Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 189 (7): 337–381. Bibcode:1861AnP...189..337K. doi:10.1002/andp.18611890702.
Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). „The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some spectroscopic discoveries”. Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1413–1434. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1413W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1413.
Jensen, William B. (2003). „The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table” (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. American Chemical Society. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 11 iunie 2010. Accesat în 6 mai 2012.
Jensen, William B. (2003). „The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table” (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. American Chemical Society. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 11 iunie 2010. Accesat în 6 mai 2012.
MacPherson, H. G. (1934). „An Investigation of the Magneto-Optic Method of Chemical Analysis”. Physical Review. American Physical Society. 47 (4): 310–315. Bibcode:1935PhRv...47..310M. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.47.310.
Lougheed, R. W.; Landrum, J. H.; Hulet, E. K.; Wild, J. F.; Dougan, R. J.; Dougan, A. D.; Gäggeler, H.; Schädel, M.; Moody, K. J.; Gregorich, K. E.; Seaborg, G. (1985). „Search for superheavy elements using ⁴⁸Ca + ²⁵⁴Es^g reaction”. Physical Review C. 32 (5): 1760–1763. Bibcode:1985PhRvC..32.1760L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.32.1760. PMID 9953034.
Lodders, Katharina (2003). „Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements”. The Astrophysical Journal. 591 (2): 1220–1247. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591.1220L. doi:10.1086/375492 .
Morgan, J. W.; Anders, E. (1980). „Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 77 (12): 6973–6977. Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.6973M. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.6973 . PMC 350422 . PMID 16592930.
Wise, M. A. (1995). „Trace element chemistry of lithium-rich micas from rare-element granitic pegmatites”. Mineralogy and Petrology. 55 (13): 203–215. Bibcode:1995MinPe..55..203W. doi:10.1007/BF01162588.
Wise, M. A. (1995). „Trace element chemistry of lithium-rich micas from rare-element granitic pegmatites”. Mineralogy and Petrology. 55 (13): 203–215. Bibcode:1995MinPe..55..203W. doi:10.1007/BF01162588.
Andreev, S.V.; Letokhov, V.S.; Mishin, V.I. (1987). „Laser resonance photoionization spectroscopy of Rydberg levels in Fr”. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (12): 1274–76. Bibcode:1987PhRvL..59.1274A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1274. PMID 10035190.
Landau, A.; Eliav, E.; Ishikawa, Y.; Kaldor, U. (2001). „Benchmark calculations of electron affinities of the alkali atoms sodium to eka-francium (element 119)”. J. Chem. Phys. 115 (6): 2389. Bibcode:2001JChPh.115.2389L. doi:10.1063/1.1386413.

hbcpnetbase.com

Vanýsek, Petr (2011). “Electrochemical Series”, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 92nd Edition Arhivat în 24 iulie 2017, la Wayback Machine. (Chemical Rubber Company).

iupac.org

IUPAC (2005), Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Recommendations 2005, Cambridge (UK): Royal Society of Chemistry–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8. Versiune online..
Fluck, E. (1988). „New Notations in the Periodic Table” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 60 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431. Accesat în 24 martie 2012.
Wieser, Michael E.; Berglund, Michael (2009). „Atomic weights of the elements 2007 (IUPAC Technical Report)” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 81 (11): 2131–2156. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-09-08-03. Accesat în 7 februarie 2012.
Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2011). „Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 83 (2): 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. Accesat în 11 februarie 2012.

pac.iupac.org

Persson, Ingmar (2010). „Hydrated metal ions in aqueous solution: How regular are their structures?” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 82 (10): 1901–1917. doi:10.1351/PAC-CON-09-10-22. Accesat în 23 august 2014.
Persson, Ingmar (2010). „Hydrated metal ions in aqueous solution: How regular are their structures?” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 82 (10): 1901–1917. doi:10.1351/PAC-CON-09-10-22. Accesat în 23 august 2014.

old.iupac.org

Coplen, T. B.; Peiser, H. S. (1998). „History of the recommended atomic-weight values from 1882 to 1997: a comparison of differences from current values to the estimated uncertainties of earlier values” (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 70 (1): 237–257. doi:10.1351/pac199870010237.

jlab.org

education.jlab.org

Gagnon, Steve. „Francium”. Jefferson Science Associates, LLC. Arhivat din original la 31 martie 2007. Accesat în 1 aprilie 2007.
Gagnon, Steve. „Francium”. Jefferson Science Associates, LLC. Arhivat din original la 31 martie 2007. Accesat în 1 aprilie 2007.
„It's Elemental — The Periodic Table of Elements”. Jefferson Lab. Arhivat din original la 29 aprilie 2007. Accesat în 14 aprilie 2007.

jstor.org

Siegfried, R. (1963). „The Discovery of Potassium and Sodium, and the Problem of the Chemical Elements”. Isis. 54 (2): 247–258. doi:10.1086/349704. JSTOR 228541. PMID 14147904.
Siegfried, R. (1963). „The Discovery of Potassium and Sodium, and the Problem of the Chemical Elements”. Isis. 54 (2): 247–258. doi:10.1086/349704. JSTOR 228541. PMID 14147904.

lemoyne.edu

web.lemoyne.edu

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mindat.org

Ralph, Jolyon; Chau, Ida (24 august 2011). „Petalite: Petalite mineral information and data”. Accesat în 27 noiembrie 2011.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Siegfried, R. (1963). „The Discovery of Potassium and Sodium, and the Problem of the Chemical Elements”. Isis. 54 (2): 247–258. doi:10.1086/349704. JSTOR 228541. PMID 14147904.
Siegfried, R. (1963). „The Discovery of Potassium and Sodium, and the Problem of the Chemical Elements”. Isis. 54 (2): 247–258. doi:10.1086/349704. JSTOR 228541. PMID 14147904.
Lougheed, R. W.; Landrum, J. H.; Hulet, E. K.; Wild, J. F.; Dougan, R. J.; Dougan, A. D.; Gäggeler, H.; Schädel, M.; Moody, K. J.; Gregorich, K. E.; Seaborg, G. (1985). „Search for superheavy elements using ⁴⁸Ca + ²⁵⁴Es^g reaction”. Physical Review C. 32 (5): 1760–1763. Bibcode:1985PhRvC..32.1760L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.32.1760. PMID 9953034.
Morgan, J. W.; Anders, E. (1980). „Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 77 (12): 6973–6977. Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.6973M. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.6973 . PMC 350422 . PMID 16592930.
Andreev, S.V.; Letokhov, V.S.; Mishin, V.I. (1987). „Laser resonance photoionization spectroscopy of Rydberg levels in Fr”. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (12): 1274–76. Bibcode:1987PhRvL..59.1274A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1274. PMID 10035190.
Redko, M. Y.; Huang, R. H.; Jackson, J. E.; Harrison, J. F.; Dye, J. L. (2003). „Barium azacryptand sodide, the first alkalide with an alkaline Earth cation, also contains a novel dimer, (Na₂)²⁻”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (8): 2259–2263. doi:10.1021/ja027241m. PMID 12590555.
Redko, M. Y.; Vlassa, M.; Jackson, J. E.; Misiolek, A. W.; Huang, R. H.; Dye, J. L. (2002). „"Inverse sodium hydride": a crystalline salt that contains H⁺ and Na⁻”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (21): 5928–5929. doi:10.1021/ja025655+. PMID 12022811.
Sawicka, A.; Skurski, P.; Simons, J. (2003). „Inverse Sodium Hydride: A Theoretical Study” (PDF). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (13): 3954–3958. doi:10.1021/ja021136v. PMID 12656631.

nist.gov

physics.nist.gov

„Standard Uncertainty and Relative Standard Uncertainty”. CODATA reference. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Accesat în 26 septembrie 2011.

oed.com

"caesium". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2nd ed. 1989.

open.edu

The OpenLearn team (2012). „Alkali metals”. OpenLearn. The Open University. Accesat în 9 iulie 2012.

researchgate.net

Redko, M. Y.; Huang, R. H.; Jackson, J. E.; Harrison, J. F.; Dye, J. L. (2003). „Barium azacryptand sodide, the first alkalide with an alkaline Earth cation, also contains a novel dimer, (Na₂)²⁻”. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (8): 2259–2263. doi:10.1021/ja027241m. PMID 12590555.

saga-u.ac.jp

ioes.saga-u.ac.jp

„Lithium Occurrence”. Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Japan. Arhivat din original la 2 mai 2009. Accesat în 13 martie 2009.

science.co.il

„List of Periodic Table Elements Sorted by Abundance in Earth's crust”. Israel Science and Technology Directory.

theodoregray.com

Gray, Theodore. „Facts, pictures, stories about the element Cesium in the Periodic Table”. The Wooden Periodic Table Table. Accesat în 13 ianuarie 2012.
Gray, Theodore. „Alkali Metal Bangs”. Theodore Gray. Accesat în 13 mai 2012.

time.com

„Education: Alabamine & Virginium”. TIME. 15 februarie 1932. Arhivat din original la 30 septembrie 2007. Accesat în 1 aprilie 2007.

uc.edu

che.uc.edu

Jensen, William B. (2003). „The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table” (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. American Chemical Society. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952. Arhivat din original (PDF) la 11 iunie 2010. Accesat în 6 mai 2012.
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