While he is sometimes titled Duke of Normandy this is a title of convenience used by historians. The first leaders of Normandy used the title count or marquis. It was not until the middle of the eleventh century until the counts of Normandy called themselves Dukes.[1] Flodoard of Reims used the term princeps when writing about Rollo or his son William I Longsword.[2] Titles were sometimes assumed in the Carolingian Empire. Counts of Anjou or later dukes of Normandy at times assumed their titles without royal approval.[3]
