Science (Simple English Wikipedia)

"Carnot Cycle". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"5.6: Bohr's Atomic Model". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"5.11: Quantum Mechanical Atomic Model". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2016-06-23. Retrieved 2025-07-17.

eng.libretexts.org

"11.2: The pyramids of Egypt". Engineering LibreTexts. 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2025-07-17.

m-w.com (Global: 9,363^rd place; Simple English: 1,580^th place)

"Online dictionary". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2009-05-22. knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method...

marxists.org (Global: 952^nd place; Simple English: 973^rd place)

"Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 2025-07-19.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; Simple English: 74^th place)

"What Does 'Quark' Have to Do with Finnegans Wake?". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2025-07-17.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; Simple English: 325^th place)

direct.mit.edu

Bechtel, William; Richardson, Robert C. (2010-08-06). Discovering Complexity: Decomposition and Localization as Strategies in Scientific Research. The MIT Press. doi:10.7551/mitpress/8328.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-262-28917-7.

mlr.press (Global: low place; Simple English: low place)

proceedings.mlr.press

Binns, Reuben (2018-01-21). "Fairness in Machine Learning: Lessons from Political Philosophy". Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. PMLR: 149–159.

muslimheritage.com (Global: low place; Simple English: low place)

Nizamoglu, Cem (2016-10-24). "The Journey of Automatic Machines in Muslim Civilisation". Muslim Heritage. Retrieved 2025-07-17.

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; Simple English: 1,758^th place)

Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 2004-04-04. Bibcode:2004nap..book11153N. doi:10.17226/11153. ISBN 978-0-309-09435-1.
Earth Science and Applications from Space: A Midterm Assessment of NASA's Implementation of the Decadal Survey. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 2012-08-03. doi:10.17226/13405. ISBN 978-0-309-25702-2.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; Simple English: 39^th place)

science.nasa.gov

"What is a Planet?". 2023-07-22. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"Mission Overview - NASA Science". 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"Hubble Space Telescope - NASA Science". 2023-05-10. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"Mars Exploration Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity - NASA Science". 2024-03-22. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"Kepler / K2 - NASA Science". 2023-05-23. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"Exoplanets - NASA Science". 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2025-07-19.
Evicting Einstein, March 26, 2004, NASA. "Both [relativity and quantum mechanics] are extremely successful. The Global Positioning System (GPS), for instance, wouldn't be possible without the theory of relativity. Computers, , and the Internet, meanwhile, are spin-offs of quantum mechanics."

nasa.gov

"Sputnik". www.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"Apollo 11 - NASA". Retrieved 2025-07-17.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; Simple English: 136^th place)

"What was the Neolithic Revolution?". Culture. 2025-07-17. Retrieved 2025-07-17.

nationalgeographic.org (Global: 4,068^th place; Simple English: 754^th place)

education.nationalgeographic.org

"Early Agricultural Communities". education.nationalgeographic.org. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
"al-Idrisi". education.nationalgeographic.org. Retrieved 2025-07-17.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Simple English: 117^th place)

"What's in a name?". Nature Physics. 19 (8): 1065. 2023. Bibcode:2023NatPh..19.1065.. doi:10.1038/s41567-023-02185-2. ISSN 1745-2481.
Kragh, Helge (2024-03-25). "How did the Big Bang get its name? Here's the real story". Nature. 627 (8005): 726–728. Bibcode:2024Natur.627..726K. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-00894-z. PMID 38528166.
Alt, Kurt W.; Jeunesse, Christian; Buitrago-Téllez, Carlos H.; Wächter, Rüdiger; Boës, Eric; Pichler, Sandra L. (1997). "Evidence for stone age cranial surgery". Nature. 387 (6631): 360. Bibcode:1997Natur.387..360A. doi:10.1038/387360a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 9163419.
Robinson, Andrew (2015-10-22). "Ancient civilization: Cracking the Indus script". Nature. 526 (7574): 499–501. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..499R. doi:10.1038/526499a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26490603.
"Discovery of DNA Double Helix: Watson and Crick | Learn Science at Scitable". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
Ledford, Heidi (2015-09-01). "How to solve the world's biggest problems". Nature. 525 (7569): 308–311. Bibcode:2015Natur.525..308L. doi:10.1038/525308a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 26381968.
Reardon, Sara (2021-07-21). "How the Delta variant achieves its ultrafast spread". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01986-w. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34290423.

nau.edu (Global: low place; Simple English: 6,379^th place)

www2.nau.edu

"Neolithic Revolution". www2.nau.edu. Retrieved 2025-07-17.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Simple English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kragh, Helge (2024-03-25). "How did the Big Bang get its name? Here's the real story". Nature. 627 (8005): 726–728. Bibcode:2024Natur.627..726K. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-00894-z. PMID 38528166.
Alt, Kurt W.; Jeunesse, Christian; Buitrago-Téllez, Carlos H.; Wächter, Rüdiger; Boës, Eric; Pichler, Sandra L. (1997). "Evidence for stone age cranial surgery". Nature. 387 (6631): 360. Bibcode:1997Natur.387..360A. doi:10.1038/387360a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 9163419.
Pleszczyńska, Małgorzata; Lemieszek, Marta K.; Siwulski, Marek; Wiater, Adrian; Rzeski, Wojciech; Szczodrak, Janusz (2017). "Fomitopsis betulina (formerly Piptoporus betulinus): the Iceman's polypore fungus with modern biotechnological potential". World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology. 33 (5): 83. doi:10.1007/s11274-017-2247-0. ISSN 1573-0972. PMC 5380686. PMID 28378220.
d'Errico, Francesco; Doyon, Luc; Colagé, Ivan; Queffelec, Alain; Le Vraux, Emma; Giacobini, Giacomo; Vandermeersch, Bernard; Maureille, Bruno (2018-02-19). "From number sense to number symbols. An archaeological perspective". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 373 (1740) 20160518. doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0518. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 5784044. PMID 29292345.
Bliege Bird, R.; Bird, D. W.; Codding, B. F.; Parker, C. H.; Jones, J. H. (2008-09-30). "The "fire stick farming" hypothesis: Australian Aboriginal foraging strategies, biodiversity, and anthropogenic fire mosaics". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (39): 14796–14801. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10514796B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0804757105. PMC 2567447. PMID 18809925.
Robinson, Andrew (2015-10-22). "Ancient civilization: Cracking the Indus script". Nature. 526 (7574): 499–501. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..499R. doi:10.1038/526499a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26490603.
Amr, Samir S.; Tbakhi, Abdulghani (2007). "Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al Razi (Rhazes): Philosopher, Physician and Alchemist". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (4): 305–307. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.305. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6074295. PMID 17684438.
Amr, Samir S.; Tbakhi, Abdelghani (2007). "Ibn Sina (Avicenna): The Prince Of Physicians". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (2): 134–135. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.134. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6077049. PMID 17420624.
Majeed, Azeem (2005-12-24). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
Laios, Konstantinos; Moschos, Marilita M.; George, Androutsos (2016). "Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili and His Innovating Suction Method for the Treatment of Cataract". Surgical Innovation. 23 (4): 433. doi:10.1177/1553350615618289. ISSN 1553-3506. PMID 26603693.
Amr, Samir S.; Tbakhi, Abdelghani (2007). "Jabir ibn Hayyan". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (1): 52–53. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.53. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6077026. PMID 17337999.
Sidebottom, Eric (2013). "Roger Bacon and the beginnings of experimental science in Britain". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 106 (6): 243–245. doi:10.1177/0141076813488482. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 3705416. PMID 23761584.
Zampieri, Fabio; ElMaghawry, Mohamed; Zanatta, Alberto; Thiene, Gaetano (2015). "Andreas Vesalius: Celebrating 500 years of dissecting nature". Global Cardiology Science and Practice. 2015 (5): 66. doi:10.5339/gcsp.2015.66. ISSN 2305-7823. PMC 4762440. PMID 28127546.
Ribatti, Domenico (2009). "William Harvey and the discovery of the circulation of the blood". Journal of Angiogenesis Research. 1 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/2040-2384-1-3. ISSN 2040-2384. PMC 2776239. PMID 19946411.
Ghosh, Sanjib Kumar (2017). "Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682–1771): father of pathologic anatomy and pioneer of modern medicine". Anatomical Science International. 92 (3): 305–312. doi:10.1007/s12565-016-0373-7. ISSN 1447-6959. PMID 27629485.
Riedel, Stefan (2005-01-01). "Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox and Vaccination". Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings. 18 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1080/08998280.2005.11928028. ISSN 0899-8280. PMC 1200696. PMID 16200144.
Pitt, Dennis; Aubin, Jean-Michel (2012-10-01). "Joseph Lister: father of modern surgery". Canadian Journal of Surgery. 55 (5): E8–E9. doi:10.1503/cjs.007112. PMC 3468637. PMID 22992425.
Redman, Melody; King, Andrew; Watson, Caroline; King, David (2016). "What is CRISPR/Cas9?". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education & Practice Edition. 101 (4): 213–215. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-310459. ISSN 1743-0585. PMC 4975809. PMID 27059283.
Hutchings, Matthew I; Truman, Andrew W; Wilkinson, Barrie (2019-10-01). "Antibiotics: past, present and future". Current Opinion in Microbiology. Antimicrobials. 51: 72–80. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.008. ISSN 1369-5274. PMID 31733401.
Ledford, Heidi (2015-09-01). "How to solve the world's biggest problems". Nature. 525 (7569): 308–311. Bibcode:2015Natur.525..308L. doi:10.1038/525308a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 26381968.
Collins, Francis S.; Morgan, Michael; Patrinos, Aristides (2003-04-11). "The Human Genome Project: Lessons from Large-Scale Biology". Science. 300 (5617): 286–290. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..286C. doi:10.1126/science.1084564. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12690187.
Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abernathy, M. R.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adams, T.; Addesso, P.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B. (2016-02-11). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger". Physical Review Letters. 116 (6) 061102. arXiv:1602.03837. Bibcode:2016PhRvL.116f1102A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 26918975.
Johnson-Laird, Phil (2010). "Deductive reasoning". WIREs Cognitive Science. 1 (1): 8–17. doi:10.1002/wcs.20. ISSN 1939-5078. PMID 26272833.
Davies, Julian; Davies, Dorothy (2010). "Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 74 (3): 417–433. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00016-10. ISSN 1092-2172. PMC 2937522. PMID 20805405.
Knill, David C.; Pouget, Alexandre (2004). "The Bayesian brain: the role of uncertainty in neural coding and computation". Trends in Neurosciences. 27 (12): 712–719. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.10.007. PMID 15541511.
Sun, Bob Z. (2020). "Review of Altered inheritance: CRISPR and the ethics of human genome editing by Françoise Baylis". Monash Bioethics Review. 38 (1): 91–93. doi:10.1007/s40592-020-00106-0. ISSN 1321-2753. PMID 32314277.
van der Linden, Sander; Roozenbeek, Jon; Compton, Josh (2020-10-23). "Inoculating Against Fake News About COVID-19". Frontiers in Psychology. 11 566790. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566790. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 7644779. PMID 33192844.
Himmelstein, Daniel S; Romero, Ariel Rodriguez; Levernier, Jacob G; Munro, Thomas Anthony; McLaughlin, Stephen Reid; Greshake Tzovaras, Bastian; Greene, Casey S (2018-03-01). "Sci-Hub provides access to nearly all scholarly literature". eLife. 7 e32822. doi:10.7554/eLife.32822. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5832410. PMID 29424689.
Snow, C. E.; Dibner, K. A.; Committee on Science Literacy and Public Perception of Science; Board On Science, Education; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2016). Snow, Catherine E.; Dibner, Kenne A. (eds.). Science Literacy: Concepts, Contexts, and Consequences. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-44756-0. PMID 27854404.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kata, Anna (2010-02-17). "A postmodern Pandora's box: anti-vaccination misinformation on the Internet". Vaccine. 28 (7): 1709–1716. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.022. ISSN 1873-2518. PMID 20045099.
Godlee, Fiona; Smith, Jane; Marcovitch, Harvey (2011-01-05). "Wakefield's article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 342 c7452. doi:10.1136/bmj.c7452. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 21209060.
Lewandowsky, Stephan; Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Seifert, Colleen M.; Schwarz, Norbert; Cook, John (2012). "Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing". Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 13 (3): 106–131. doi:10.1177/1529100612451018. ISSN 1529-1006. PMID 26173286.
Scheufele, Dietram A.; Krause, Nicole M. (2019-04-16). "Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (16): 7662–7669. Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.7662S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1805871115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6475373. PMID 30642953.
Bonney, Rick; Phillips, Tina B.; Ballard, Heidi L.; Enck, Jody W. (2016). "Can citizen science enhance public understanding of science?". Public Understanding of Science. 25 (1): 2–16. doi:10.1177/0963662515607406. ISSN 0963-6625. PMID 26445860.
Bostrom, Nick; Sandberg, Anders (2009). "Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges". Science and Engineering Ethics. 15 (3): 311–341. doi:10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5. ISSN 1353-3452. PMID 19543814.
Floridi, Luciano; Cowls, Josh; Beltrametti, Monica; Chatila, Raja; Chazerand, Patrice; Dignum, Virginia; Luetge, Christoph; Madelin, Robert; Pagallo, Ugo; Rossi, Francesca; Schafer, Burkhard (2018). "AI4People—An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations". Minds and Machines. 28 (4): 689–707. doi:10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5. ISSN 0924-6495. PMC 6404626. PMID 30930541.
Chan, Leslie; Kirsop, Barbara; Arunachalam, Subbiah (2011). "Towards open and equitable access to research and knowledge for development". PLOS Medicine. 8 (3) e1001016. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001016. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 3066136. PMID 21483470.
Shu, Yuelong; McCauley, John (2017-03-30). "GISAID: Global initiative on sharing all influenza data - from vision to reality". Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin. 22 (13) 30494. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30494. ISSN 1560-7917. PMC 5388101. PMID 28382917.
Reardon, Sara (2021-07-21). "How the Delta variant achieves its ultrafast spread". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01986-w. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34290423.
Anderson, P. W. (1972-08-04). "More Is Different". Science. 177 (4047): 393–396. Bibcode:1972Sci...177..393A. doi:10.1126/science.177.4047.393. PMID 17796623.
Patwardhan, Bhushan (2014). "Bridging Ayurveda with evidence-based scientific approaches in medicine". The EPMA Journal. 5 (1) 19. doi:10.1186/1878-5085-5-19. ISSN 1878-5077. PMC 4230501. PMID 25395997.
Ioannidis, John P. A. (2005). "Why most published research findings are false". PLOS Medicine. 2 (8) e124. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 1182327. PMID 16060722.
Head, Megan L.; Holman, Luke; Lanfear, Rob; Kahn, Andrew T.; Jennions, Michael D. (2015). "The extent and consequences of p-hacking in science". PLOS Biology. 13 (3) e1002106. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002106. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 4359000. PMID 25768323.
Open Science Collaboration (2015-08-28). "Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science". Science. 349 (6251) aac4716. doi:10.1126/science.aac4716. PMID 26315443.
Sachs, Jeffrey D; Karim, Salim S Abdool; Aknin, Lara; Allen, Joseph; Brosbøl, Kirsten; Colombo, Francesca; Barron, Gabriela Cuevas; Espinosa, María Fernanda; Gaspar, Vitor; Gaviria, Alejandro; Haines, Andy (2022). "The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic". The Lancet. 400 (10359): 1224–1280. Bibcode:2022Lanc..400.1224S. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01585-9. PMC 9539542. PMID 36115368.
Gollust, Sarah E.; Nagler, Rebekah H.; Fowler, Erika Franklin (2020-12-01). "The Emergence of COVID-19 in the US: A Public Health and Political Communication Crisis". Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 45 (6): 967–981. doi:10.1215/03616878-8641506. ISSN 0361-6878. PMID 32464658.
Ioannidis, John P. A. (2014). "How to make more published research true". PLOS Medicine. 11 (10) e1001747. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001747. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 4204808. PMID 25334033.
Vitolins, Mara Z.; Case, Talsi L. (2020). "What Makes Nutrition Research So Difficult to Conduct and Interpret?". Diabetes Spectrum: A Publication of the American Diabetes Association. 33 (2): 113–117. doi:10.2337/ds19-0077. ISSN 1040-9165. PMC 7228817. PMID 32425447.
Manolio, Teri A.; Collins, Francis S.; Cox, Nancy J.; Goldstein, David B.; Hindorff, Lucia A.; Hunter, David J.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ramos, Erin M.; Cardon, Lon R.; Chakravarti, Aravinda; Cho, Judy H. (2009). "Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases". Nature. 461 (7265): 747–753. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..747M. doi:10.1038/nature08494. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 2831613. PMID 19812666.
Cologna, Viktoria; Mede, Niels G.; Berger, Sebastian; Besley, John; Brick, Cameron; Joubert, Marina; Maibach, Edward W.; Mihelj, Sabina; Oreskes, Naomi; Schäfer, Mike S.; van der Linden, Sander (2025). "Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries". Nature Human Behaviour. 9 (4): 713–730. doi:10.1038/s41562-024-02090-5. ISSN 2397-3374. PMC 7617525. PMID 39833424.
Wynne, Brian (2006). "Public Engagement as a Means of Restoring Public Trust in Science – Hitting the Notes, but Missing the Music?". Public Health Genomics. 9 (3): 211–220. doi:10.1159/000092659. ISSN 1662-4246. PMID 16741352.
Ioannidis, John P. A. (2020). "Coronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures". European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 50 (4) e13222. doi:10.1111/eci.13222. ISSN 0014-2972. PMC 7163529. PMID 32191341.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pleszczyńska, Małgorzata; Lemieszek, Marta K.; Siwulski, Marek; Wiater, Adrian; Rzeski, Wojciech; Szczodrak, Janusz (2017). "Fomitopsis betulina (formerly Piptoporus betulinus): the Iceman's polypore fungus with modern biotechnological potential". World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology. 33 (5): 83. doi:10.1007/s11274-017-2247-0. ISSN 1573-0972. PMC 5380686. PMID 28378220.
d'Errico, Francesco; Doyon, Luc; Colagé, Ivan; Queffelec, Alain; Le Vraux, Emma; Giacobini, Giacomo; Vandermeersch, Bernard; Maureille, Bruno (2018-02-19). "From number sense to number symbols. An archaeological perspective". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 373 (1740) 20160518. doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0518. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 5784044. PMID 29292345.
Bliege Bird, R.; Bird, D. W.; Codding, B. F.; Parker, C. H.; Jones, J. H. (2008-09-30). "The "fire stick farming" hypothesis: Australian Aboriginal foraging strategies, biodiversity, and anthropogenic fire mosaics". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (39): 14796–14801. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10514796B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0804757105. PMC 2567447. PMID 18809925.
Amr, Samir S.; Tbakhi, Abdulghani (2007). "Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya Al Razi (Rhazes): Philosopher, Physician and Alchemist". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (4): 305–307. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.305. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6074295. PMID 17684438.
Amr, Samir S.; Tbakhi, Abdelghani (2007). "Ibn Sina (Avicenna): The Prince Of Physicians". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (2): 134–135. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.134. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6077049. PMID 17420624.
Majeed, Azeem (2005-12-24). "How Islam changed medicine". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1486–1487. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1322233. PMID 16373721.
Amr, Samir S.; Tbakhi, Abdelghani (2007). "Jabir ibn Hayyan". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 27 (1): 52–53. doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2007.53. ISSN 0256-4947. PMC 6077026. PMID 17337999.
Sidebottom, Eric (2013). "Roger Bacon and the beginnings of experimental science in Britain". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 106 (6): 243–245. doi:10.1177/0141076813488482. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 3705416. PMID 23761584.
Zampieri, Fabio; ElMaghawry, Mohamed; Zanatta, Alberto; Thiene, Gaetano (2015). "Andreas Vesalius: Celebrating 500 years of dissecting nature". Global Cardiology Science and Practice. 2015 (5): 66. doi:10.5339/gcsp.2015.66. ISSN 2305-7823. PMC 4762440. PMID 28127546.
Ribatti, Domenico (2009). "William Harvey and the discovery of the circulation of the blood". Journal of Angiogenesis Research. 1 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/2040-2384-1-3. ISSN 2040-2384. PMC 2776239. PMID 19946411.
Riedel, Stefan (2005-01-01). "Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox and Vaccination". Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings. 18 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1080/08998280.2005.11928028. ISSN 0899-8280. PMC 1200696. PMID 16200144.
Pitt, Dennis; Aubin, Jean-Michel (2012-10-01). "Joseph Lister: father of modern surgery". Canadian Journal of Surgery. 55 (5): E8–E9. doi:10.1503/cjs.007112. PMC 3468637. PMID 22992425.
"Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
Redman, Melody; King, Andrew; Watson, Caroline; King, David (2016). "What is CRISPR/Cas9?". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education & Practice Edition. 101 (4): 213–215. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-310459. ISSN 1743-0585. PMC 4975809. PMID 27059283.
Davies, Julian; Davies, Dorothy (2010). "Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 74 (3): 417–433. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00016-10. ISSN 1092-2172. PMC 2937522. PMID 20805405.
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wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; Simple English: 159^th place)

anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

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wmf.org (Global: low place; Simple English: low place)

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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; Simple English: 6^th place)

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worldhistory.org (Global: 2,330^th place; Simple English: 441^st place)

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caltech.edu (Global: 240^th place; Simple English: 466^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; Simple English: 148^th place)

cas.org (Global: 7,195^th place; Simple English: low place)

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; Simple English: 132^nd place)

cfa.harvard.edu (Global: 2,284^th place; Simple English: 3,397^th place)

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; Simple English: 1,513^th place)

colorado.edu (Global: 2,916^th place; Simple English: 1,972^nd place)

columbia.edu (Global: 554^th place; Simple English: 434^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; Simple English: 2^nd place)

dukeupress.edu (Global: 5,557^th place; Simple English: 3,736^th place)

ebsco.com (Global: 3,424^th place; Simple English: 1,190^th place)

elsevier.com (Global: 365^th place; Simple English: 362^nd place)

english-heritage.org.uk (Global: 3,412^th place; Simple English: 1,477^th place)

esa.int (Global: 1,073^rd place; Simple English: 677^th place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; Simple English: 169^th place)

factsanddetails.com (Global: low place; Simple English: 4,802^nd place)

genome.gov (Global: 8,866^th place; Simple English: 4,758^th place)

gutenberg.org (Global: 629^th place; Simple English: 503^rd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; Simple English: 172^nd place)

hms.harvard.edu (Global: low place; Simple English: 8,923^rd place)

home.cern (Global: low place; Simple English: 3,175^th place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; Simple English: 2,484^th place)

ipcc.ch (Global: 1,841^st place; Simple English: 2,523^rd place)

iwm.org.uk (Global: 3,105^th place; Simple English: 4,871^st place)

jci.org (Global: low place; Simple English: 7,371^st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; Simple English: 32^nd place)

karger.com (Global: 5,457^th place; Simple English: 6,114^th place)

khanacademy.org (Global: 6,031^st place; Simple English: 1,079^th place)

libretexts.org (Global: 4,683^rd place; Simple English: 423^rd place)

m-w.com (Global: 9,363^rd place; Simple English: 1,580^th place)

marxists.org (Global: 952^nd place; Simple English: 973^rd place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; Simple English: 74^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; Simple English: 325^th place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; Simple English: 1,758^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; Simple English: 39^th place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; Simple English: 136^th place)

nationalgeographic.org (Global: 4,068^th place; Simple English: 754^th place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; Simple English: 117^th place)

nau.edu (Global: low place; Simple English: 6,379^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; Simple English: 5^th place)

oecd.org (Global: 1,345^th place; Simple English: 758^th place)

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; Simple English: 379^th place)

olemiss.edu (Global: 9,485^th place; Simple English: 6,197^th place)

openstax.org (Global: 8,731^st place; Simple English: 1,621^st place)

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; Simple English: 229^th place)

pharmaceutical-journal.com (Global: low place; Simple English: 3,057^th place)

purdue.edu (Global: 1,391^st place; Simple English: 768^th place)

rochester.edu (Global: 2,816^th place; Simple English: 1,619^th place)

routledge.com (Global: 2,583^rd place; Simple English: 1,640^th place)

sacred-destinations.com (Global: 9,492^nd place; Simple English: 2,527^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; Simple English: 429^th place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; Simple English: 903^rd place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; Simple English: 121^st place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; Simple English: 355^th place)

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; Simple English: 179^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; Simple English: 221^st place)

st-andrews.ac.uk (Global: 1,053^rd place; Simple English: 977^th place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; Simple English: 150^th place)

state.gov (Global: 228^th place; Simple English: 128^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; Simple English: 209^th place)

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; Simple English: 913^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; Simple English: 14^th place)

tripod.com (Global: 666^th place; Simple English: 784^th place)

ucar.edu (Global: 8,747^th place; Simple English: 4,645^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; Simple English: 156^th place)

umich.edu (Global: 429^th place; Simple English: 288^th place)

un.org (Global: 117^th place; Simple English: 76^th place)

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; Simple English: 65^th place)