காலங்காட்டிகளின் வரலாறு (Tamil Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "காலங்காட்டிகளின் வரலாறு" in Tamil language version.

refsWebsite

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31web.archive.org

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16books.google.com

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7doi.org

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6nist.gov

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4archive.org

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3st-and.ac.uk

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2britannica.com

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2youtube.com

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2swipnet.se

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2nawcc.org

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2nmm.ac.uk

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1history-science-technology.com

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1loc.gov

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1uchicago.edu

230^th place

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1iwmagazine.com

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1stanford.edu

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1msichicago.org

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1jstor.org

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1archive.today

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1findarticles.com

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1flinders.edu.au

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1leonardo3.net

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1nicolaseverino.it

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1etymonline.com

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1merriam-webster.com

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1bartleby.com

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1stedmundsbury.gov.uk

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1google.es

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1about.com

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1salisburycathedral.org.uk

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1bbc.co.uk

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1newadvent.org

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1wellscathedral.org.uk

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1sciencemuseum.org.uk

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1almagest.co.uk

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1national-clockshop-directory.com

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1springer.com

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1saudiaramcoworld.com

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1howstuffworks.com

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1getty.edu

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1aiaa.org

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1manitobamuseum.ca

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1mido.ch

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1cosc.ch

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1aip.org

2,204^th place

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1ieee.org

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1nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

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about.com

italian.about.com

"Then, as a horologe that calleth us / What time the Bride of God is rising up". "Paradiso – Canto X – Divine Comedy – Dante Alighieri – La Divina Commedia". எபவுட்.காம். Archived from the original on 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-04-11.

aiaa.org

Silva de Mattos, Bento. "Alberto Santos-Dumont". American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Archived from the original on 2004-09-13. Retrieved 2008-06-21.

aip.org

"Pierre Curie". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 2015-02-16. Retrieved 2008-04-08.

almagest.co.uk

Burnett-Stuart, George. "De Dondi's Astrarium". Almagest. Computastat Group Ltd. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-04-21.

archive.org

Hellemans, Alexander; Bunch, Bryan H. (2004). The History of Science and Technology: A Browser's Guide to the Great Discoveries, Inventions, and the People Who Made Them, From the Dawn of Time to Today. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 65. ISBN 0-618-22123-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ajram, K. (1992). "Appendix B". Miracle of Islamic Science. Knowledge House Publishers. ISBN 0-911119-43-4.
Payson Usher, Abbot (1988). A History of Mechanical Inventions. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-25593-X. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |publisher= at position 14 (help)
Hoffman, Paul (2004). Wings of Madness: Alberto Santos-Dumont and the Invention of Flight. Hyperion Press. ISBN 0-7868-8571-8.

archive.today

"The mechanical clock – history of Chinese science". யுனெஸ்கோ கூரியர் தமிழ். 1988 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 2012-07-19 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://archive.today/20120719021112/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1988_Oct/ai_6955890/. பார்த்த நாள்: 2008-04-16.

bartleby.com

executive editor, Joseph P. Pickett (1992). [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]] (Fourth ed.). Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-82517-2. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2007-12-04. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)

bbc.co.uk

"Wells Cathedral Clock – BBC". பிபிசி. Retrieved 2008-06-22.

books.google.com

Humphrey, John William (1998). Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook. Routledge. pp. 518–519. ISBN 0-415-06136-9. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
Aveni, Anthony F. (2000). Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. p. 92. ISBN 1-86064-602-6. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
Pagani, Catherine (2001). Eastern Magnificence and European Ingenuity: Clocks of Late Imperial China. University of Michigan Press. p. 209. ISBN 0-472-11208-2. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Schafer, Edward (1963). The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of T'ang Exotics. University of California Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN 0-520-05462-8.
Fraser, Julius (1990). Of Time, Passion, and Knowledge: Reflections on the Strategy of Existence. Princeton University Press. pp. 55–56. ISBN 0-691-02437-5. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Rossotti, Hazel (2002). Fire: Servant, Scourge, and Enigma. Dover Publications. p. 157. ISBN 0-486-42261-5. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Bedini, Silvio (1994). The Trail of Time: Shih-chien Ti Tsu-chi : Time Measurement with Incense in East Asia. கேம்பிறிட்ஜ் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம். p. 183. ISBN 0-521-37482-0. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
Fraser, J. A. (1987). Time, The Familiar Stranger. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-87023-576-1.
Bergreen, Laurence (2003). Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. New York: Morrow. p. 53. ISBN 0-06-621173-5. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
Macey, Samuel L. (1994). Encyclopedia of Time. New York: Garland Pub. p. 209. ISBN 0-8153-0615-6. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
Blaut, James Morris (2000). Eight Eurocentric Historians. Guildford Press. p. 186. ISBN 1-57230-591-6. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
Kleinschmidt, Harald (2000). Understanding the Middle Ages. Boydell & Brewer. p. 26. ISBN 0-85115-770-X. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
Gransden, Antonia (1996). Historic Writing in England. Routledge. p. 122. ISBN 0-415-15125-2. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
North, John David (2005). God's Clockmaker: Richard of Wallingford and the Invention of Time. Hambledon & London. p. xv. ISBN 1-85285-451-0. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
Derry, T. K. (1993). A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900. Courier Dover Publications. p. 293. ISBN 0-486-27472-1. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
Dick, Stephen (2002). Sky and Ocean Joined: The U.S. Naval Observatory, 1830–2000. கேம்பிறிட்ஜ் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம். p. 484. ISBN 0-521-81599-1. Retrieved 2008-06-20.

britannica.com

"Sundial". பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம். Retrieved 2008-04-04.
"Clockworks: Candle clock". பிரித்தானிக்கா கலைக்களஞ்சியம். Retrieved 2008-03-16. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

cosc.ch

"Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres". COSC. Archived from the original on 2008-04-13. Retrieved 2008-05-10.

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Bedini, Silvio A. (1963). "The Scent of Time. A Study of the Use of Fire and Incense for Time Measurement in Oriental Countries". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (பிலடெல்பியா: American Philosophical Society) 53 (5): 1–51. doi:10.2307/1005923. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1005923?seq=1. பார்த்த நாள்: 2008-05-14.
Donald Routledge Hill (1991). "Arabic Mechanical Engineering: Survey of the Historical Sources". Arabic Sciences and Philosophy: A Historical Journal (கேம்பிறிட்ஜ் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம்) 1: 167–186 [174]. doi:10.1017/S0957423900001478
Donald Routledge Hill (1991). "Arabic Mechanical Engineering: Survey of the Historical Sources". Arabic Sciences and Philosophy: A Historical Journal (கேம்பிறிட்ஜ் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம்) 1: 167–186 [180]. doi:10.1017/S0957423900001478
Donald Routledge Hill (1991). "Arabic Mechanical Engineering: Survey of the Historical sources". Arabic Sciences and Philosophy: A Historical Journal (கேம்பிறிட்ஜ் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம்) 1: 167–186 [173]. doi:10.1017/S0957423900001478
Mills, A. A. (1988). "The mercury clock of the Libros del Saber". Annals of Science 45 (4): 329–344 [332]. doi:10.1080/00033798800200271.
King, David A. (1983). "The Astronomy of the Mamluks". Isis 74 (4): 531–555 [545–546]. doi:10.1086/353360.
Marrison, W. A.; Horton, J. W. (February 1928). "Precision determination of frequency". I.R.E. Proc. 16: 137–154. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1928.221372.

etymonline.com

"Clock Etymology". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-04-27.

findarticles.com

"The mechanical clock – history of Chinese science". யுனெஸ்கோ கூரியர் தமிழ். 1988 இம் மூலத்தில் இருந்து 2012-07-19 அன்று. பரணிடப்பட்டது.. https://archive.today/20120719021112/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1988_Oct/ai_6955890/. பார்த்த நாள்: 2008-04-16.

flinders.edu.au

es.flinders.edu.au

Tomczak, Matthias. "The Water Clock of 1088". பிளின்டர்ஸ் பல்கலைக்கழகம் (es.flinders.edu.au). Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-04-29.

getty.edu

"Julien Le Roy". Getty Center. Retrieved 2008-04-05.

google.es

books.google.es

"A history of mechanical inventions, Abbott Payson Usher(1929), p.192 [1]"

history-science-technology.com

Hassan, Ahmad Y, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering, History of Science and Technology in Islam

howstuffworks.com

electronics.howstuffworks.com

Brain, Marshall. "How Pendulum Clocks Work". எப்படிப் பொருட்கள் இயங்குகின்றன. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

ieee.org

"Electronic Quartz Wristwatch, 1969". IEEE History Center. Retrieved 2007-08-31.

iwmagazine.com

Flamer, Keith (2006). "History of Time". International Watch Magazine. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-04-08.

jstor.org

Bedini, Silvio A. (1963). "The Scent of Time. A Study of the Use of Fire and Incense for Time Measurement in Oriental Countries". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (பிலடெல்பியா: American Philosophical Society) 53 (5): 1–51. doi:10.2307/1005923. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1005923?seq=1. பார்த்த நாள்: 2008-05-14.

leonardo3.net

Mario Taddei. "The Book of Secrets is coming to the world after a thousand years: Automata existed already in the eleventh century!" (PDF). Leonardo3. Retrieved 2010-03-31.

loc.gov

"How does an hourglass measure time?". அமெரிக்கக் காங்கிரசு நூலகம். Retrieved 2008-03-31.

manitobamuseum.ca

Marchildon, Jérôme, Jérôme last=Marchildon. "Science News – The Marine Chronometer". Manitoba Museum. Archived from the original on 2006-09-19. Retrieved 2008-05-20. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |first= (help)

merriam-webster.com

"Merriam-Webster Online: Clock". Webster's Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-06-20.

mido.ch

"Reflecting on Time | COSC certified chronometer". Mido. Archived from the original on 6 ஜூன் 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)

msichicago.org

"Time Activity:Incense Clock". Chicago: Museum of Science and Industry. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2008-04-29.

national-clockshop-directory.com

"Monastic Alarm Clocks, Italian", entry, Clock Dictionary.

nawcc.org

"Asian Gallery – Incense Clock". National Watch and Clock Museum. Archived from the original on 2008-05-18. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
"Marine Chronometers Gallery". National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors. Archived from the original on 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2008-05-20.

newadvent.org

"[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]: Glastonbury Abbey". Kevin Knight. Retrieved 2007-12-10. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)

nicolaseverino.it

(இலத்தீன்) Aked, Charles K. (1997). "Bibliografia della Gnomonica" (PDF). British Sundial Society. p. 119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2008-06-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

nist.gov

physics.nist.gov

"Ancient Calendars". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
"Earliest Clocks". A Walk Through Time. NIST Physics Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2008-03-15. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
"A Revolution in Timekeeping". NIST. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
"The "Atomic Age" of Time Standards". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2008-05-02.

tf.nist.gov

Sullivan, D.B. (2001). "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF). Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2010-12-20. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
"Time and Frequency Division". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2008-04-01.

nmm.ac.uk

"History of the sundial". National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
"Chronometers, precision watches, and timekeepers". கிரேனிச்சு: National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on 2007-10-29. Retrieved 2008-05-20.

nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

"What is a Cesium Atomic Clock?". National Research Council Canada. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2008-03-26.

salisburycathedral.org.uk

"Oldest Working Clock, Frequently Asked Questions, Salisbury Cathedral". Archived from the original on 2009-06-15. Retrieved 2008-04-04.

saudiaramcoworld.com

Horton, Paul (1977). "Topkapi’s Turkish Timepieces". Saudi Aramco World, July–August 1977: 10–13. http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197704/topkapi.s.turkish.timepieces.htm. பார்த்த நாள்: 2008-07-12.

sciencemuseum.org.uk

"Wells Cathedral clock, c.1392". அறிவியல் அருங்காட்சியகம் (இலண்டன்). Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-02-11.

springer.com

Tekeli, Sevim (2008). "Taqi al-Din". Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer.

st-and.ac.uk

www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk

O'Connor, J. J. "Plato biography". School of Mathematics and Statistics, புனித ஆண்ட்ரூசு பல்கலைக்கழகம். Archived from the original on 2018-10-01. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
O'Connor, J. J. "Theodosius biography". School of Mathematics and Statistics, புனித ஆண்ட்ரூசு பல்கலைக்கழகம். Archived from the original on 2017-03-22. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
O'Connor, J. J. "Fine biography". School of Mathematics and Statistics, புனித ஆண்ட்ரூசு பல்கலைக்கழகம். Retrieved 2008-03-31. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

stanford.edu

infolab.stanford.edu

Chang, Edward; Lu, Yung-Hsiang (1996). "Visualizing Video Streams using Sand Glass Metaphor". Stanford University. Retrieved 2008-06-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (|date= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

stedmundsbury.gov.uk

"Mechanical Timekeeping". St. Edmundsbury Borough Council. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

swipnet.se

home.swipnet.se

Routledge Hill, Donald, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", சயன்டிஃபிக் அமெரிக்கன், May 1991, pp. 64–9 (Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering பரணிடப்பட்டது 2007-12-25 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்)
Hill, Donald R. "Mechanical Engineering". Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2008-01-22.

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

"Marcus Vitruvius Pollio:de Architectura, Book IX". The Latin text is that of the Teubner edition of 1899 by Valentin Rose, transcribed by Bill Thayer. 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2007-09-07.

web.archive.org

"Ancient Calendars". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
"Earliest Clocks". A Walk Through Time. NIST Physics Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2008-03-15. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
O'Connor, J. J. "Plato biography". School of Mathematics and Statistics, புனித ஆண்ட்ரூசு பல்கலைக்கழகம். Archived from the original on 2018-10-01. Retrieved 2007-11-29. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
O'Connor, J. J. "Theodosius biography". School of Mathematics and Statistics, புனித ஆண்ட்ரூசு பல்கலைக்கழகம். Archived from the original on 2017-03-22. Retrieved 2008-04-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
Flamer, Keith (2006). "History of Time". International Watch Magazine. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
Routledge Hill, Donald, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", சயன்டிஃபிக் அமெரிக்கன், May 1991, pp. 64–9 (Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering பரணிடப்பட்டது 2007-12-25 at the வந்தவழி இயந்திரம்)
"Time Activity:Incense Clock". Chicago: Museum of Science and Industry. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
"Asian Gallery – Incense Clock". National Watch and Clock Museum. Archived from the original on 2008-05-18. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
Tomczak, Matthias. "The Water Clock of 1088". பிளின்டர்ஸ் பல்கலைக்கழகம் (es.flinders.edu.au). Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-04-29.
Hill, Donald R. "Mechanical Engineering". Archived from the original on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
"History of the sundial". National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
(இலத்தீன்) Aked, Charles K. (1997). "Bibliografia della Gnomonica" (PDF). British Sundial Society. p. 119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2008-06-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
executive editor, Joseph P. Pickett (1992). [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]] (Fourth ed.). Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-82517-2. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2007-12-04. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
"Mechanical Timekeeping". St. Edmundsbury Borough Council. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
"A Revolution in Timekeeping". NIST. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
"Then, as a horologe that calleth us / What time the Bride of God is rising up". "Paradiso – Canto X – Divine Comedy – Dante Alighieri – La Divina Commedia". எபவுட்.காம். Archived from the original on 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
"Oldest Working Clock, Frequently Asked Questions, Salisbury Cathedral". Archived from the original on 2009-06-15. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
"Wells Cathedral History". WellsCathedral.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2011-01-20. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
"Wells Cathedral clock, c.1392". அறிவியல் அருங்காட்சியகம் (இலண்டன்). Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
Burnett-Stuart, George. "De Dondi's Astrarium". Almagest. Computastat Group Ltd. Archived from the original on 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
Silva de Mattos, Bento. "Alberto Santos-Dumont". American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Archived from the original on 2004-09-13. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
"Marine Chronometers Gallery". National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors. Archived from the original on 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
Marchildon, Jérôme, Jérôme last=Marchildon. "Science News – The Marine Chronometer". Manitoba Museum. Archived from the original on 2006-09-19. Retrieved 2008-05-20. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |first= (help)
"Chronometers, precision watches, and timekeepers". கிரேனிச்சு: National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on 2007-10-29. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
"Reflecting on Time | COSC certified chronometer". Mido. Archived from the original on 6 ஜூன் 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)
"Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres". COSC. Archived from the original on 2008-04-13. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
"Pierre Curie". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on 2015-02-16. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
Sullivan, D.B. (2001). "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF). Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2010-12-20. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
"Time and Frequency Division". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 2008-04-15. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
"The "Atomic Age" of Time Standards". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
"What is a Cesium Atomic Clock?". National Research Council Canada. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2008-03-26.

wellscathedral.org.uk

"Wells Cathedral History". WellsCathedral.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2011-01-20. Retrieved 2008-06-21.

youtube.com

[[Ancient Discoveries]], Episode 12: Machines of the East. History Channel. Retrieved 2008-09-07. {{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
[[Ancient Discoveries]], Episode 11: Ancient Robots. History Channel. Retrieved 2008-09-06. {{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)