Safron A, Barch B, Bailey JM, Gitelman DR, Parrish TB, Reber PJ (2007). "Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and heterosexual men". Behav. Neurosci. 121 (2). ss. 237-48. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.2.237. PMID17469913.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link) . The authors of the study caution that any interpretation of this finding must take into account that the group difference in brain activation between heterosexual men and homosexual men in the amygdala region is not large and that the most robust finding is that both heterosexual and homosexual men used the same areas when they reacted to sexually preferred stimuli. "For the most part, homosexual and heterosexual men showed very similar patterns of activation (albeit to different erotic stimuli). One possible exception was the amygdala, in which homosexual men showed greater activational differences between preferred and nonpreferred erotic stimuli compared with heterosexual men. However, this difference was not hypothesized a priori, was not large, and was the only group difference found out of many tested. Thus, this finding needs replication."(Debra A. Hope (editor), What is Sexual Orientation and Do Women Have One? (presentation by J.M. Bailey), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Volume 54 p. 47, Springer Science, 2009.)
This work was published in the American Journal of Sociology (Bearman, P. S. & Bruckner, H. (2002) Opposite-sex twins and adolescent same-sex attraction. American Journal of Sociology 107, 1179–1205.) and is available only to subscribers. However, a final draft of the paper is available here 19 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. – there are no significant differences on the points cited between the final draft and the published version.
Långström, Niklas (7 Haziran 2008). "Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behaviour: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (1). Archives of Sexual Behavior. ss. 75-80. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1. PMID18536986.
Hu S, Pattatucci AM, Patterson C; ve diğerleri. (Kasım 1995). "Linkage between sexual orientation and chromosome Xq28 in males but not in females". Nat. Genet. 11 (3). ss. 248-56. doi:10.1038/ng1195-248. PMID7581447.KB1 bakım: Diğerlerinin yanlış kullanımı (link) KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Park, D; Choi, D; Lee, J; Lim, DS; Park, C (2010). "Male-like sexual behavior of female mouse lacking fucose mutarotase". BMC genetics. Cilt 11. s. 62. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-11-62. PMC2912782 $2. PMID20609214.
Whitehead NE (2007). "An antiboy antibody? Re-examination of the maternal immune hypothesis". J Biosocial Sci. 39 (6). ss. 905-921. doi:10.1017/S0021932007001903. PMID17316469.
Camperio-Ciani A, Corna F, Capiluppi C (Kasım 2004). "Evidence for maternally inherited factors favouring male homosexuality and promoting female fecundity". Proc. Biol. Sci. 271 (1554). ss. 2217-21. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2872. PMC1691850 $2. PMID15539346.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
LeVay S (Ağustos 1991). "A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men". Science. 253 (5023). ss. 1034-7. doi:10.1126/science.1887219. PMID1887219.
Byne W, Tobet S, Mattiace LA; ve diğerleri. (Eylül 2001). "The interstitial nuclei of the human anterior hypothalamus: an investigation of variation with sex, sexual orientation, and HIV status". Horm Behav. 40 (2). ss. 86-92. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2001.1680. PMID11534967.KB1 bakım: Diğerlerinin yanlış kullanımı (link) KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Garcia-Falgueras A, Swaab DF (2010). "Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation". Endocr Dev. Endocrine Development. Cilt 17. ss. 22-35. doi:10.1159/000262525. ISBN978-3-8055-9302-1. PMID19955753.
Lasco, M. S.; Jordan, T. J.; Edgar, M. A.; Petito, C. K.; Byne, W. (2002). "A lack of dimorphism of sex or sexual orientation in the human anterior commissure". Brain Research. 936 (1–2). ss. 95-98. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(02)02590-8. PMID11988236.
Kinnunen LH, Moltz H, Metz J, Cooper M (2004). "Differential brain activation in exclusively homosexual and heterosexual men produced by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine". Brain Res. 1024 (1–2). ss. 251-4. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.070. PMID15451388.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Swaab DF, Zhou JN, Ehlhart T, Hofman MA (1994). "Development of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neurons in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus in relation to birth and sex". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 79 (2). ss. 249-59. doi:10.1016/0165-3806(94)90129-5. PMID7955323.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Savic I, Berglund H, Lindström P (Mayıs 2005). "Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (20). ss. 7356-61. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407998102. PMC1129091 $2. PMID15883379.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Savic I, Berglund H, Gulyas B, Roland P (2001). "Smelling of odorous sex hormone-like compounds causes sex-differentiated hypothalamic activations in humans". Neuron. 31 (4). ss. 661-8. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00390-7. PMID11545724.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Berglund H, Lindström P, Savic I (2006). "Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (21). ss. 8269-74. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600331103. PMC1570103 $2. PMID16705035.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Safron A, Barch B, Bailey JM, Gitelman DR, Parrish TB, Reber PJ (2007). "Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and heterosexual men". Behav. Neurosci. 121 (2). ss. 237-48. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.2.237. PMID17469913.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link) . The authors of the study caution that any interpretation of this finding must take into account that the group difference in brain activation between heterosexual men and homosexual men in the amygdala region is not large and that the most robust finding is that both heterosexual and homosexual men used the same areas when they reacted to sexually preferred stimuli. "For the most part, homosexual and heterosexual men showed very similar patterns of activation (albeit to different erotic stimuli). One possible exception was the amygdala, in which homosexual men showed greater activational differences between preferred and nonpreferred erotic stimuli compared with heterosexual men. However, this difference was not hypothesized a priori, was not large, and was the only group difference found out of many tested. Thus, this finding needs replication."(Debra A. Hope (editor), What is Sexual Orientation and Do Women Have One? (presentation by J.M. Bailey), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Volume 54 p. 47, Springer Science, 2009.)
Brown WM, Hines M, Fane BA, Breedlove SM (2002). "Masculinized finger length patterns in human males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Horm Behav. 42 (4). ss. 380-6. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1830. PMID12488105.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Hines M, Johnston KJ, Golombok S, Rust J, Stevens M, Golding J (2002). "Prenatal stress and gender role behavior in girls and boys: a longitudinal, population study". Horm Behav. 42 (2). ss. 126-34. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1814. PMID12367566.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Rahman Q, Wilson GD, Abrahams S (2003). "Sexual orientation related differences in spatial memory". J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 9 (3). ss. 376-83. doi:10.1017/S1355617703930037. PMID12666762.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
MacIntyre F, Estep KW (1993). "Sperm competition and the persistence of genes for male homosexuality". BioSystems. 31 (2–3). ss. 223-33. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(93)90051-D. PMID8155854.
[1] 12 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.: "Those raised as girls, says Reiner, 'had terrible genital self-esteem.' The older children were not dating. 'If you pin them down, they say they're attracted to girls. But it's not acceptable to them to be homosexual.'"
Långström, Niklas (7 Haziran 2008). "Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behaviour: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (1). Archives of Sexual Behavior. ss. 75-80. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1. PMID18536986.
While inconsistent with modern findings, the first relatively large-scale twin study on sexual orientation was reported by Kallman in 1952. (See: Kallmann FJ (Nisan 1952). "Comparative twin study on the genetic aspects of male homosexuality". J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 115 (4). ss. 283-97. PMID14918012.). Examining only male twin pairs, he found a 100% concordance rate for homosexuality among 37 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs, compared to a 12%–42% concordance rate among 26 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, depending on definition. In other words, every identical twin of a homosexual subject was also homosexual, while this was not the case for non-identical twins. This study was criticized for its vaguely described method of recruiting twins and for a high rate of psychiatric disorders among its subjects. (See Rosenthal, D., "Genetic Theory and Abnormal Behavior" 1970, New York: McGraw-Hill.)
Hu S, Pattatucci AM, Patterson C; ve diğerleri. (Kasım 1995). "Linkage between sexual orientation and chromosome Xq28 in males but not in females". Nat. Genet. 11 (3). ss. 248-56. doi:10.1038/ng1195-248. PMID7581447.KB1 bakım: Diğerlerinin yanlış kullanımı (link) KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Vilain E (2000). "Genetics of sexual development". Annu Rev Sex Res. Cilt 11. ss. 1-25. PMID11351829.
Park, D; Choi, D; Lee, J; Lim, DS; Park, C (2010). "Male-like sexual behavior of female mouse lacking fucose mutarotase". BMC genetics. Cilt 11. s. 62. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-11-62. PMC2912782 $2. PMID20609214.
Blanchard R, Klassen P (Nisan 1997). "H-Y antigen and homosexuality in men". J. Theor. Biol. 185 (3). ss. 373-8. doi:10.1006/jtbi.1996.0315. PMID9156085.
Blanchard R (1997). "Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual versus heterosexual males and females". Annu Rev Sex Res. Cilt 8. ss. 27-67. PMID10051890.
Whitehead NE (2007). "An antiboy antibody? Re-examination of the maternal immune hypothesis". J Biosocial Sci. 39 (6). ss. 905-921. doi:10.1017/S0021932007001903. PMID17316469.
Camperio-Ciani A, Corna F, Capiluppi C (Kasım 2004). "Evidence for maternally inherited factors favouring male homosexuality and promoting female fecundity". Proc. Biol. Sci. 271 (1554). ss. 2217-21. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2872. PMC1691850 $2. PMID15539346.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
LeVay S (Ağustos 1991). "A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men". Science. 253 (5023). ss. 1034-7. doi:10.1126/science.1887219. PMID1887219.
Byne W, Tobet S, Mattiace LA; ve diğerleri. (Eylül 2001). "The interstitial nuclei of the human anterior hypothalamus: an investigation of variation with sex, sexual orientation, and HIV status". Horm Behav. 40 (2). ss. 86-92. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2001.1680. PMID11534967.KB1 bakım: Diğerlerinin yanlış kullanımı (link) KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Garcia-Falgueras A, Swaab DF (2010). "Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation". Endocr Dev. Endocrine Development. Cilt 17. ss. 22-35. doi:10.1159/000262525. ISBN978-3-8055-9302-1. PMID19955753.
Lasco, M. S.; Jordan, T. J.; Edgar, M. A.; Petito, C. K.; Byne, W. (2002). "A lack of dimorphism of sex or sexual orientation in the human anterior commissure". Brain Research. 936 (1–2). ss. 95-98. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(02)02590-8. PMID11988236.
Kinnunen LH, Moltz H, Metz J, Cooper M (2004). "Differential brain activation in exclusively homosexual and heterosexual men produced by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine". Brain Res. 1024 (1–2). ss. 251-4. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.070. PMID15451388.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Swaab DF, Zhou JN, Ehlhart T, Hofman MA (1994). "Development of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neurons in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus in relation to birth and sex". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 79 (2). ss. 249-59. doi:10.1016/0165-3806(94)90129-5. PMID7955323.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Savic I, Berglund H, Lindström P (Mayıs 2005). "Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (20). ss. 7356-61. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407998102. PMC1129091 $2. PMID15883379.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Savic I, Berglund H, Gulyas B, Roland P (2001). "Smelling of odorous sex hormone-like compounds causes sex-differentiated hypothalamic activations in humans". Neuron. 31 (4). ss. 661-8. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00390-7. PMID11545724.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Berglund H, Lindström P, Savic I (2006). "Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (21). ss. 8269-74. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600331103. PMC1570103 $2. PMID16705035.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Safron A, Barch B, Bailey JM, Gitelman DR, Parrish TB, Reber PJ (2007). "Neural correlates of sexual arousal in homosexual and heterosexual men". Behav. Neurosci. 121 (2). ss. 237-48. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.2.237. PMID17469913.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link) . The authors of the study caution that any interpretation of this finding must take into account that the group difference in brain activation between heterosexual men and homosexual men in the amygdala region is not large and that the most robust finding is that both heterosexual and homosexual men used the same areas when they reacted to sexually preferred stimuli. "For the most part, homosexual and heterosexual men showed very similar patterns of activation (albeit to different erotic stimuli). One possible exception was the amygdala, in which homosexual men showed greater activational differences between preferred and nonpreferred erotic stimuli compared with heterosexual men. However, this difference was not hypothesized a priori, was not large, and was the only group difference found out of many tested. Thus, this finding needs replication."(Debra A. Hope (editor), What is Sexual Orientation and Do Women Have One? (presentation by J.M. Bailey), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Volume 54 p. 47, Springer Science, 2009.)
Brown WM, Hines M, Fane BA, Breedlove SM (2002). "Masculinized finger length patterns in human males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Horm Behav. 42 (4). ss. 380-6. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1830. PMID12488105.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Hines M, Johnston KJ, Golombok S, Rust J, Stevens M, Golding J (2002). "Prenatal stress and gender role behavior in girls and boys: a longitudinal, population study". Horm Behav. 42 (2). ss. 126-34. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1814. PMID12367566.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
Rahman Q, Wilson GD, Abrahams S (2003). "Sexual orientation related differences in spatial memory". J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 9 (3). ss. 376-83. doi:10.1017/S1355617703930037. PMID12666762.KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
MacIntyre F, Estep KW (1993). "Sperm competition and the persistence of genes for male homosexuality". BioSystems. 31 (2–3). ss. 223-33. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(93)90051-D. PMID8155854.
This work was published in the American Journal of Sociology (Bearman, P. S. & Bruckner, H. (2002) Opposite-sex twins and adolescent same-sex attraction. American Journal of Sociology 107, 1179–1205.) and is available only to subscribers. However, a final draft of the paper is available here 19 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. – there are no significant differences on the points cited between the final draft and the published version.
[1] 12 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.: "Those raised as girls, says Reiner, 'had terrible genital self-esteem.' The older children were not dating. 'If you pin them down, they say they're attracted to girls. But it's not acceptable to them to be homosexual.'"
