Các hải cảng lớn trong khu vục bao gồm: Palembangven ven bờ Eo Malacca, Calicut ven bờ Malabar, và Mombasa ven bờ Swahili (xem Sen 2016). Sen, Tansen (2016). “The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 79 (3): 609–636. doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038.
Nassaney, Michael Shakir (2014). Claire Smith (biên tập). “North America During the European Contact Period”. Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer. Truy cập ngày 9 tháng 1 năm 2021.
Sen (2016), 609–611 & 631–633. Sen, Tansen (2016). “The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 79 (3): 609–636. doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038.
Sen (2016), 609. Sen, Tansen (2016). “The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 79 (3): 609–636. doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038.
Sen (2016), 615. Sen, Tansen (2016). “The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 79 (3): 609–636. doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038.
Sen (2016), 620–621. Sen, Tansen (2016). “The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 79 (3): 609–636. doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038.
Sen (2016), 611. Sen, Tansen (2016). “The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions”. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 79 (3): 609–636. doi:10.1017/S0041977X16001038.
Huang, Ray (1975), “Financial management”, Taxation and Governmental Finance in Sixteenth-Century Ming China, NXB Đại học Cambridge, tr. 266–305, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511735400.011, ISBN9780511735400
Flynn, Dennis Owen; Giraldez, Arturo (2002). “Cycles of Silver: Global Economic Unity through the Mid-Eighteenth Century”. Journal of World History. 13 (2): 391–427. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0035. ISSN1527-8050. S2CID145805906.
The Coming of the PortugueseLưu trữ 2014-10-31 tại Wayback Machine by Paul Lunde, London University's School of Oriental and African Studies, in Saudi Aramco World – July/August 2005 Volume 56, Number 4,
Flynn, Dennis Owen; Giraldez, Arturo (2002). “Cycles of Silver: Global Economic Unity through the Mid-Eighteenth Century”. Journal of World History. 13 (2): 391–427. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0035. ISSN1527-8050. S2CID145805906.
The Coming of the PortugueseLưu trữ 2014-10-31 tại Wayback Machine by Paul Lunde, London University's School of Oriental and African Studies, in Saudi Aramco World – July/August 2005 Volume 56, Number 4,
Flynn, Dennis Owen; Giraldez, Arturo (2002). “Cycles of Silver: Global Economic Unity through the Mid-Eighteenth Century”. Journal of World History. 13 (2): 391–427. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0035. ISSN1527-8050. S2CID145805906.