同性戀 (Chinese Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "同性戀" in Chinese language version.
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2girl.net
- 美國人口普查數據顯示同性戀伴侶家庭分布和增長狀況. [2015-11-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
57.10
203.72.57.10
- 洪林瓊照;金家玉;連柏恩 (编). 2010年認識同志手冊 (PDF). 台北市政府民政局. 2010 [2015-04-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.
aappublications.org
pediatrics.aappublications.org
- Frankowski, Barbara L.; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence. Sexual orientation and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004, 113 (6): 1827–32 [2015-04-04]. PMID 15173519. doi:10.1542/peds.113.6.1827. （原始内容存档于2013-03-20）.
aidsportal.org
- MSM in Africa: highly stigmatized, vulnerable and in need of urgent HIV prevention. Aidsportal.org. [2010-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-13）.
apa.org
- Definitions Related to Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity in APA Documents (PDF). 美国心理学协会: 6. 2015 [February 6, 2020]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-22）.
Sexual orientation refers to the sex of those to whom one is sexually and romantically attracted. [...] [It is] one's enduring sexual attraction to male partners, female partners, or both. Sexual orientation may be heterosexual, samesex (gay or lesbian), or bisexual. [...] A person may be attracted to men, women, both, neither, or to people who are genderqueer, androgynous, or have other gender identities. Individuals may identify as lesbian, gay, heterosexual, bisexual, queer, pansexual, or asexual, among others. [...] Categories of sexual orientation typically have included attraction to members of one's own sex (gay men or lesbians), attraction to members of the other sex (heterosexuals), and attraction to members of both sexes (bisexuals). While these categories continue to be widely used, research has suggested that sexual orientation does not always appear in such definable categories and instead occurs on a continuum [...]. Some people identify as pansexual or queer in terms of their sexual orientation, which means they define their sexual orientation outside of the gender binary of 'male' and 'female' only.
- Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality. American Psychological Association. [10 August 2013]. （原始内容存档于8 August 2013）.
- 美國心理學學會. 解答你的問題：深入理解性傾向和同性戀 (PDF). 2008 [2015-04-07]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-06-24）.
- APA Task Force. Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Repsonses to Sexual Orientation (PDF). [2019-02-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-06-03）.
(a) An enduring change to an individual's sexual orientation as a result of SOCE was unlikely, and some participants were harmed by the interventions; (b) sexual orientation identity—not sexual orientation—appears to change via psychotherapy, support groups, and life events
- American Psychological Association. Resolution on Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Orientation Distress and Change Efforts. 2009 [2015-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-22）.
- American Psychological Association Lesbian & Gay Parenting （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- American Psychological Association: Lesbian & Gay Parenting （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Answers to Your Questions About Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）". American Psychological Association. Retrieved on 2008-05-26.
- DeLeon, P. H. (1998). Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Incorporated, for the legislative year 1997: Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the Council of Representatives, August 14 and 17, Chicago, Illinois; and June, August and December 1997 meetings of the Board of Directors. American Psychologist, 53, 882-939.. [2009-06-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-16）.
- Statement of the American Psychological Association (PDF). [2010-08-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-08-06）.
archive-it.org
wayback.archive-it.org
- How Does the Gender of Parents Matter. Journal of Marriage and Family: 3–22. [2010-12-21]. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00678.x. （原始内容存档于2017-10-19）.
archive.org
- LeVay, Simon. Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation. Oxford University Press. 2017. ISBN 978-0-19-029737-4. OL 26246092M
–通过Open Library. - 張在舟. 曖昧的歷程：中國古代同性戀史. 中原農民出版社. 2001. ISBN 7534818915.
- Perrin, E. C. Sexual Orientation in Child and Adolescent Health Care. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 2002. ISBN 0-306-46761-5.
- Young RM, Meyer IH. The trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": erasure of the sexual-minority person in public health discourse. Am J Public Health. July 2005, 95 (7): 1144–9. PMC 1449332 . PMID 15961753. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.046714.
- Meyer, Ilan H. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin. September 2003, 129 (5): 674–97. PMC 2072932 . PMID 12956539. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674.
archive.today
- 曾春娥. 中國古代女同性戀的發展歷史. 中國性科學. 2005, 4 [2015-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-20）.
《永明縣誌》：此風桃州尤甚，其母亦為女計消遣，訪他家之女年貌相若者，使其女結為內交，桃州謂之行客…相處以切磋鍼黹其間…況有因此而含垢包羞者
- *webster.com. 2008 [2008-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-05）.
- homophobia. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com. 2008 [2008-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
bbc.com
- The evolutionary puzzle of homosexuality. BBC. [2016-01-25]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-03）.
- 研究：出生顺序影响智商、健康和性取向？. [2015-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
books.google.com
- Gloria Kersey-Matusiak. Delivering Culturally Competent Nursing Care. Springer Publishing Company. 2012: 169 [10 February 2016]. ISBN 978-0826193810. （原始内容存档于30 November 2016）.
Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'
- Balthazart, Jacques. The Biology of Homosexuality. Oxford University Press. 2012 [27 July 2019]. ISBN 9780199838820. （原始内容存档于26 January 2021）.
- Adamczyk, Amy. Cross-National Public Opinion about Homosexuality: Examining Attitudes across the Globe. University of California Press. 2017: 3–7 [2017-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-17）.
- Maurianne Adams, Lee Anne Bell, Pat Griffin. Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice. Routledge. 2007: 198–199 [2014-12-27]. ISBN 1135928509. （原始内容存档于2015-05-14）.
Because of the complicated interplay among gender identity, gender roles, and sexual identity, transgender people are often assumed to be lesbian or gay (See Overview: Sexism, Heterosexism, and Transgender Oppression). ... Because transgender identity challenges a binary conception of sexuality and gender, educators must clarify their own understanding of these concepts. ... Facilitators must be able to help participants understand the connections among sexism, heterosexism, and transgender oppression and the ways in which gender roles are maintained, in part, through homophobia.
- Claire M. Renzetti, Jeffrey L. Edleson. Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence. SAGE Publications. 2008: 338 [2014-12-27]. ISBN 1452265917. （原始内容存档于2015-05-15）.
In a culture of homophobia (an irrational fear of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender [GLBT] people), GLBT people often face a heightened risk of violence specific to their sexual identities.
- Kerri Durnell Schuiling, Frances E. Likis. Women's Gynecologic Health. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2011: 187–188 [2014-12-27]. ISBN 0763756377. （原始内容存档于2015-05-14）.
Homophobia is an individual's irrational fear or hate of homosexual people. This may include bisexual or transgender persons, but sometimes the more distinct terms of biphobia or transphobia, respectively, are used.
boxturtlebulletin.com
- Jim Burroway. Today In History: The Love That Dares Not Speak Its Name Gets A Name. Box Turtle Bulletin. 2008-05-06 [2015-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-09）.
- Jim Burroway. Are Gays A Threat To Our Children?. Box Turtle Bulletin. [2017-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-11）.
businessweekly.com.tw
- 泛科學. 不只是偏見的問題》哥倫比亞大學研究：仇視同性戀者，平均壽命恐比一般人少2.5年. 2015-11-03 [2017-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-22）.
buzzfeed.com
- Epigenetic Test Can Predict Homosexuality, Controversial Study Claims. buzzfeed. 2015-10-08 [2017-05-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-01）.
ca.gov
courts.ca.gov
- Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365... – APA California Amicus Brief — As Filed (PDF): 30. [21 December 2010]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于3 January 2020）.
- "Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365(...) – APA California Amicus Brief — As Filed" (PDF). 2007 [2015-04-16]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-01-18）.
cambridge.org
journals.cambridge.org
- A. R. Sanders, etc. Genome-wide scan demonstrates significant linkage for male sexual orientation. Psychological Medicine. 2014, 45 (7): 1379–1388 [2015-04-26]. doi:10.1017/S0033291714002451. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22）.
cbsnews.com
- "Honor killings" target Turkey's LGBT community. CBS News. 2011-10-12 [2013-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
cdc.gov
- HSS. Sexual Orientation and Health Among U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2013 (pdf). 2014 [2016-01-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-07-09）.
- Operario D, Burton J. HIV-related tuberculosis in a transgender network—Baltimore, Maryland, and New York City area, 1998–2000. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. April 2000, 49 (15): 317–20 [2017-05-29]. PMID 10858008. （原始内容存档于2009-04-21）.
chinagender.org
- les+. LGBT媒體報導建議手冊 (PDF). 2012 [2015-04-12]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-09-16）.
colby.edu
- Mother of Hate-Crime Victim to Speak at Colby. Colby College. [2011-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-29） （英语）.
columbia.edu
- Meyer, Ilan H.; Wilson, Patrick A. Sampling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations (PDF). Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009, 56 (1): 23–31 [2015-04-14]. doi:10.1037/a0014587. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-22）.
counseling.org
ct.counseling.org
- LGBT counselors question statistics on sexual orientation. [2016-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
cpa.ca
- Marriage of Same-Sex Couples – 2006 Position Statement Canadian Psychological Association (PDF). [2012-09-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-10-13）.
- Brief presented to the Legislative House of Commons Committee on Bill C38 by the Canadian Psychological Association – June 2, 2005. (PDF). [2012-09-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-10-13）.
declarationofmontreal.org
- Declaration of Montréal. 2006 [2015-04-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
doi.org
- Bailey JM, Vasey PL, Diamond LM, Breedlove SM, Vilain E, Epprecht M. Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2016, 17 (21): 45–101. PMID 27113562. doi:10.1177/1529100616637616 .
- Frankowski, Barbara L.; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence. Sexual orientation and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004, 113 (6): 1827–32 [2015-04-04]. PMID 15173519. doi:10.1542/peds.113.6.1827. （原始内容存档于2013-03-20）.
- Qazi Rahman; Glenn D. Wilson. Born gay? The psychobiology of human sexual orientation. Personality and Individual Differences. 2003, 34 (8): 1337–82 [2015-08-07]. ISSN 0191-8869. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00140-X. （原始内容存档于2018-12-11）.
- Ngun, TC; Vilain, E. The biological basis of human sexual orientation: is there a role for epigenetics?. Adv Genet. 2014, 86: 167–84. PMID 25172350. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-800222-3.00008-5.
- A. R. Sanders, etc. Genome-wide scan demonstrates significant linkage for male sexual orientation. Psychological Medicine. 2014, 45 (7): 1379–1388 [2015-04-26]. doi:10.1017/S0033291714002451. （原始内容存档于2016-04-22）.
- Balter, Michael. BEHAVIORAL GENETICS. Can epigenetics explain homosexuality puzzle?. Science. 2015-10-09, 350 (6257): 148. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 26450189. doi:10.1126/science.350.6257.148.
- Garcia-Falgueras A.; Swaab D.F. Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation. Pediatric Neuroendocrinology. 2010, 17: 22–35 [2015-04-26]. PMID 19955753. doi:10.1159/000262525. （原始内容存档于2021-02-25）.
- Melissa Hines. Sex-related variation in human behavior and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2010, 14 (10): 448–456 [2015-04-26]. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.07.005. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
- Ray Blanchard. Fraternal Birth Order and the Maternal Immune Hypothesis of Male Homosexuality. Hormones and Behavior. 2001, 40 (2): 105–114 [2015-04-26]. PMID 11534970. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2001.1681. （原始内容存档于2019-05-28）.
- Ray Blanchard. Review and theory of handedness, birth order, and homosexuality in men 13 (1): 51–70. 2008 [2015-04-26]. doi:10.1080/13576500701710432. （原始内容存档于2019-05-18）.
- Simon LeVay. A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. Science. 1991, 30 (5023): 1034–1037 [2015-04-26]. doi:10.1126/science.1887219. （原始内容存档于2016-01-04）.
- William Byne, etc. The Interstitial Nuclei of the Human Anterior Hypothalamus: An Investigation of Variation with Sex, Sexual Orientation, and HIV Status. Hormones and Behavior. 2001, 40 (2): 86–92 [2015-04-26]. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2001.1680. （原始内容存档于2020-07-10）.
- Ivanka Savic; Per Lindström; Hans Berglund. Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2005, 102 (20): 7356–7361 [2015-04-26]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407998102. （原始内容存档于2021-02-25）.
- Ivanka Savic; Per Lindström; Hans Berglund. Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006, 103 (21): 8269–8274. [2015-04-26]. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600331103. （原始内容存档于2022-01-03）.
- Meyer, Ilan H.; Wilson, Patrick A. Sampling Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations (PDF). Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2009, 56 (1): 23–31 [2015-04-14]. doi:10.1037/a0014587. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-22）.
- Ritch C. Savin-Williams. How Many Gays Are There? It Depends (PDF). Contemporary Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identities. 2009: 5–41 [2015-11-12]. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09556-1_2. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-09-19）. These definitional dilemmas are not restricted to one age group or one culture. In the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, exclusive same-sex behavior rarely characterized more than 1% of the adult population. If the definition was broadened to include individuals who had both same- and opposite-sex behavior, who had some degree of same-sex attraction, or at least one of the two, then the proportion of gays expanded considerably– nearly one-fifth of the population of men and women (p. 18). 該數據引自 Sell, R. L., Wells, J. A., & Wypij, D. (1995). The prevalence of homosexual behavior and attraction in the United States, the United Kingdom and France: Results of national population- based samples. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24, 235–248.
- McConaghy, N; et al. Fraternal Birth Order and Ratio of Heterosexual/Homosexual Feelings in Women and Men. Journal of Homosexuality. 2006, 51 (4): 161–174 [2015-11-11]. doi:10.1300/J082v51n04_09. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.
- Pawelski JG, Perrin EC, Foy JM, et al. The effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children. Pediatrics. July 2006, 118 (1): 349–64. PMID 16818585. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1279.
- Herek GM. Legal recognition of same-sex relationships in the United States: a social science perspective (PDF). The American Psychologist. September 2006, 61 (6): 607–21 [2017-05-27]. PMID 16953748. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.607. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-06-10）.
- How Does the Gender of Parents Matter. Journal of Marriage and Family: 3–22. [2010-12-21]. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00678.x. （原始内容存档于2017-10-19）.
- Stacey J, Biblarz TJ. (How) Does the Sexual Orientation of Parents Matter? (PDF). American Sociological Review. 2001, 66 (2): 159–183 [2017-05-27]. doi:10.2307/2657413. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-28）.
This may be partly due to genetic and family socialization processes, but what sociologists refer to as "contextual effects" not yet investigated by psychologists may also be important...even though children of lesbian and gay parents appear to express a significant increase in homoeroticism, the majority of all children nonetheless identify as heterosexual, as most theories across the essentialistt" to "social constructionist" spectrum seem (perhaps too hastily) to expect.
- Schumm, W. R. Children of Homosexuals More Apt to Be Homosexuals? A Reply to Morrison and to Cameron Based on an Examination of Multiple Sources of Data. Journal of Biosocial Science. 2010, 42 (6): 721–742. PMID 20642872. doi:10.1017/S0021932010000325.
- Operario D, Burton J, Underhill K, Sevelius J. Men who have sex with transgender women: challenges to category-based HIV prevention. AIDS Behav. January 2008, 12 (1): 18–26. PMID 17705095. doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9303-y.
- Young RM, Meyer IH. The trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": erasure of the sexual-minority person in public health discourse. Am J Public Health. July 2005, 95 (7): 1144–9. PMC 1449332 . PMID 15961753. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.046714.
- Meyer, Ilan H. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin. September 2003, 129 (5): 674–97. PMC 2072932 . PMID 12956539. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674.
dw.com
- 「不再恐同日」，同性戀權利在抗爭. 德國之聲. 2013-05-17 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
e-info.org.tw
- 夏洛克. 自然界中的斷背山：動物的同性性行為. 環境資訊中心. 2013-11-19 [2015-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
economist.com
- How to count how many people are gay. The Economist. 2013-05-05 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-14）.
ettoday.net
- CDC報告：美國雙性戀者增加中 女比男多3倍. 東森新聞. 2016-01-07 [2016-05-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
etymonline.com
eurekalert.org
- Black gay men, lesbians, have fewer mental disorders than whites, says Mailman School of PH study. Eurekalert.org. [2010-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-07）.
expatica.com
community.expatica.com
- Half of young Dutch people reject homosexuality. Expatica/COC. [2012-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-01）.
fda.gov
- Cber / Fda. FDA Policy on Blood Donations from Men Who Have Sex with Other Men. Web.archive.org. [2010-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-11）.
feministvoices.com
- * Lisa Diamond. Concepts of Female Sexual Orientation. 2013 [2016-05-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-13）.
Historically, researchers have presumed that sexual orientation shows fundamental continuity in its expression over time. Although this is generally true for most individuals, some studies have found that a number of individuals － more often women than men － report notable shifts in same-sex attractions, behaviors, and identities over time.
- Lisa Diamond - Psychology's Feminist Voices. [2016-05-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-22）.
Sexual Fluidity attracted substantial media attention. However, the data Diamond collected began to be picked up by anti-gay groups, who espoused that being gay is a choice. Diamond has tried to make her findings clear: she did not find that women "choose" to be gay, or "choose" to become straight, rather, relationships and attractions happen, and there is really no "choice" involved..."This (research) does not mean that sexuality is chosen" - an important point that needs repeating.
- Lisa Diamond - Psychology's Feminist Voices. [2016-05-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-22）.
fridae.asia
- 台北十大不可錯過的同志勝地. fridae. 2009-09-05 [2015-10-31]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-10）.
gallup.com
- In US, More Adults Identifying as LGBT. [2017-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-16）.
- Newport, Frank. Religion, Same-Sex Relationships and Politics in Indiana and Arkansas. Gallup. 2015-04-03 [12 June 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-11）.
gay-art-history.org
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Still, more than 80 percent of the children being raised by gay couples are not adopted, according to Gates.
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Historically, researchers have presumed that sexual orientation shows fundamental continuity in its expression over time. Although this is generally true for most individuals, some studies have found that a number of individuals － more often women than men － report notable shifts in same-sex attractions, behaviors, and identities over time.
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Sexual Fluidity attracted substantial media attention. However, the data Diamond collected began to be picked up by anti-gay groups, who espoused that being gay is a choice. Diamond has tried to make her findings clear: she did not find that women "choose" to be gay, or "choose" to become straight, rather, relationships and attractions happen, and there is really no "choice" involved..."This (research) does not mean that sexuality is chosen" - an important point that needs repeating.
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This may be partly due to genetic and family socialization processes, but what sociologists refer to as "contextual effects" not yet investigated by psychologists may also be important...even though children of lesbian and gay parents appear to express a significant increase in homoeroticism, the majority of all children nonetheless identify as heterosexual, as most theories across the essentialistt" to "social constructionist" spectrum seem (perhaps too hastily) to expect.
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《後續嶺南即事·戒契相知文》：結拜相知，借稱姊妹。始共言，繼共笑，兩兩情投。日同坐，夜同眠，雙雙意合。於是指白水一聯盟，對青燈而發誓。十年不字，本是無郎，二女同居，何妨作婿。以上顛倒，帳中認作鴛鴦
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Sexual orientation refers to the sex of those to whom one is sexually and romantically attracted. [...] [It is] one's enduring sexual attraction to male partners, female partners, or both. Sexual orientation may be heterosexual, samesex (gay or lesbian), or bisexual. [...] A person may be attracted to men, women, both, neither, or to people who are genderqueer, androgynous, or have other gender identities. Individuals may identify as lesbian, gay, heterosexual, bisexual, queer, pansexual, or asexual, among others. [...] Categories of sexual orientation typically have included attraction to members of one's own sex (gay men or lesbians), attraction to members of the other sex (heterosexuals), and attraction to members of both sexes (bisexuals). While these categories continue to be widely used, research has suggested that sexual orientation does not always appear in such definable categories and instead occurs on a continuum [...]. Some people identify as pansexual or queer in terms of their sexual orientation, which means they define their sexual orientation outside of the gender binary of 'male' and 'female' only.
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Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'
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Various biological factors--including prenatal hormones and specific genetic profiles--are likely to contribute to sexual orientation, though they are not the sole cause. Scientific evidence suggests that biological and non-social environmental factors jointly influence sexual orientation. -- Scientific findings do not support the notion that sexual orientation can be taught or learned through social means. And there is little evidence to suggest that non-heterosexual orientations become more common with increased social tolerance.
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Sexual Fluidity attracted substantial media attention. However, the data Diamond collected began to be picked up by anti-gay groups, who espoused that being gay is a choice. Diamond has tried to make her findings clear: she did not find that women "choose" to be gay, or "choose" to become straight, rather, relationships and attractions happen, and there is really no "choice" involved..."This (research) does not mean that sexuality is chosen" - an important point that needs repeating.
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(a) An enduring change to an individual's sexual orientation as a result of SOCE was unlikely, and some participants were harmed by the interventions; (b) sexual orientation identity—not sexual orientation—appears to change via psychotherapy, support groups, and life events
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《京師偶記》：泣魚割袖之風盛行於世，執役無俊僕，皆以為不韻；侑酒無歌童，便為不歡
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《舊京遺事》：唐宋有官妓侑觴，本朝惟許歌童答應，名為小唱。而京師又有「小唱不唱曲」之諺。每一行酒止，傳上盞及諸菜，小唱技倆盡此焉。小唱在蓮子胡同，實與倡無異，其殊好者，或乃過於倡。有躭之者往往與托合歡之夢矣
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《粤遊小志》：若婢女不願嫁，積資自贖開臉傭工者，廣俗謂之自梳妹，實為物色尚未有屬也。至廣州女子，多以拜盟結姊妹，名金蘭會…近十餘年風氣又復一變，則競以姊妹花為連理枝矣。且二女同居，必有一女儼若藳砧者…又謂之拜相知，凡婦女定交後情好綢繆，逾於琴瑟，竟可終身不嫁。
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《永明縣誌》：此風桃州尤甚，其母亦為女計消遣，訪他家之女年貌相若者，使其女結為內交，桃州謂之行客…相處以切磋鍼黹其間…況有因此而含垢包羞者