Edward Chambers Betts. (1909). Early History of Huntsville Alabama 1804 to 1870. Revised 1916. Montgomery, Alabama: The Brown Printing Company. p. 6. Library of Congress website (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Retrieved October 7, 2023.
Edward Chambers Betts. (1909). Early History of Huntsville Alabama 1804 to 1870. Revised 1916. Montgomery, Alabama: The Brown Printing Company. p. 6. Library of Congress website (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Retrieved October 7, 2023.
Hill, Sarah H. Cherokee Indian Removal. Encyclopedia of Alabama. January 16, 2008 [December 18, 2022]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-01) (英语).
North Alabama Civil War generals: 13 wore gray, the rest blue. Madison, Alabama: Tennessee Valley Civil War Round Table. 2014. ISBN 978-1-63318-182-3. OCLC 1141202898(英语).已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助)