Tetrabiblos III.1 (Loeb: p.225)。這項解釋是反映在隨後的討論中,是探討對於從受孕的那一刻,雖然仍未與母體分開,為什麼出生的那一刻更加的確切。舉例而言,約翰尼斯·克卜勒(Johannes Kepler)是遵循著托勒密的學說,當他在他的《第三方調解》(Tertius Interveniens,1610年)中寫道:“When a human being's life is first ignited, when he now has his own life, and can no longer remain in the womb - then he receives a character and an imprint of all the celestial configurations (or the images of the rays intersecting on earth), and retains them unto his grave”。參閱7.1 Portuguese Web Archive的存檔,存档日期2009-07-12 of Translated excerpts by Dr. Kenneth G. Negus on Cura (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), retrieved 17 November 2011.
bendykes.com
托勒密的方法包括在先前的朔望(在出生之前的新月或滿月)之計算考虑。這份文獻詮釋的古老占星技巧之原則在其他地方被稱為‘指標的生时校正方法(Animodar method of rectification,Animodar可能源自阿拉伯文رادومنلا,英譯上很可能是Indicator,即指示符或指標,請參閱BOOK OF ASTRONOMY (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) xxviii)’(或是稱為‘赫耳墨斯的對照/系統〔System/Trutine of Hermes〕’,trutine是來自希臘文trutanē,拉丁文寫作trutina,英譯上的意思是balance、pair of scales,請參閱SEADICT.COM在线词典 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))這成為中世紀和文藝復興時期的占星術家標準校正步驟。
Fernando Espinoza. An analysis of the historical development of ideas about motion and its implications for teaching. Physics Education. 2005, 40 (2): 141. doi:10.1088/0031-9120/40/2/002.
Tetrabiblos III.1 (Loeb: p.225)。這項解釋是反映在隨後的討論中,是探討對於從受孕的那一刻,雖然仍未與母體分開,為什麼出生的那一刻更加的確切。舉例而言,約翰尼斯·克卜勒(Johannes Kepler)是遵循著托勒密的學說,當他在他的《第三方調解》(Tertius Interveniens,1610年)中寫道:“When a human being's life is first ignited, when he now has his own life, and can no longer remain in the womb - then he receives a character and an imprint of all the celestial configurations (or the images of the rays intersecting on earth), and retains them unto his grave”。參閱7.1 Portuguese Web Archive的存檔,存档日期2009-07-12 of Translated excerpts by Dr. Kenneth G. Negus on Cura (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), retrieved 17 November 2011.
google.co.uk
books.google.co.uk
Heilen, Stephan, Ptolemy's Doctrine of the Terms and its Reception, en Ramesey, 1654, p. 45.
Elements of Astrology (1898) p.7 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。布勞頓(Broughton)形容它對於占星術家的價值為“One of the best books the student should read, and which is most essential” p.v.。
Pecker (2001)p.311 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。許多當代的原始資料給予的是约90年~约168年作為托勒密的一生中最可能的時間跨度。羅賓斯(Robbins)給予的是100年~178年('Introduction', I p.viii)。馬克·史密斯(Mark Smith)對於由羅賓斯給予的數據也突然改變觀點:“It is said that he lived to be seventy-eight and survived into the reign of Antonius Pius' successor, Mark Aurelius (161–180). These two claims, if true, would lead us to place Ptolemy's death not only somewhere within that span, but probably toward the end”。
有時候它是意味著托勒密创造回歸黃道(tropical zodiac)或者是在他使用它打破常規的做法中;參閱海倫教授所舉的例子,'Ptolemy's Doctrine of the Terms and its Reception', p.52 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),在Jones (2010)之中,或是羅伯特(Robert)和丹恩(Dann),The Astrological Revolution, (Steiner Books, 2010) p.234 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。無論如何,很明顯的托勒密只不過是遵循著慣例,這顯示在Geminos's Introduction to the phenomena, 'On the Circle of the Signs' ch.1 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),其中回歸星座(tropical zodiac)在追溯至西元前一世紀的文獻中被給予了詳細解釋說明,並且已知道是以古老學術權威的解釋紀錄為基礎(Evans and Berggren (2006), Preface, p.xvi and Introduction, p.2 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆));也因為托勒密陳述出它是提供著根據古老來源的方法:“it is reasonable to reckon the beginnings of the signs also from the equinoxes and solstices, partly because the writers make this quite clear, and particularly because from our previous demonstrations we observe that their natures, powers, and familiarities take their cause from the solstitial and equinoctial starting-places, and from no other source. For if other starting-places are assumed, we shall either be compelled no longer to use the natures of the signs for prognostications or, if we use them, to be in error”。(I.22, Loeb: p.109–111)。
雖然每72年只有1°的旋转速率(rate of revolution),它在很長的一段時間所加起來。將近2000年已經過去了,由於托勒密在撰寫他的《占星四書》時,這樣的移位是現在接近於整個星座的距離。全部循環週期的完成是在26,000年的歷程以上。——參閱Evans (1998)p.245ff (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。
Tester (1987)p.84 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆): "That the topic was of great importance is shown by the length of Ptolemy’s chapter and the number of illustrations he gives to help the reader understand an immensely complex procedure. This is very unusual since Ptolemy tends to avoid details of practice, and consequently needs and uses few illustrations".
這術語“ambient(周围的)”指的是周圍空氣的體液狀態;換句話說,即‘包絡周維環境(enveloping environment)’ (Ambient: "relating to the immediate surroundings of something" Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 4 September 2011.)。
Ashmand (1822) 'Preface' pp.xvii (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。在1635年爱思唯尔版本中這‘發表’的作者是不得而知,即報告說“是幾年前翻譯的(was translated a few years ago)”以及其作者奧拉提烏斯(Allatius)的說法:“He ... holds some office in the Vatican Library. He undertook his present work, however, for his own private gratification, and that of certain friends; but when writings compiled with this view have once quitted their author's hands, it will often happen that they have also, at the same time, escaped his control.”。
托勒密的方法包括在先前的朔望(在出生之前的新月或滿月)之計算考虑。這份文獻詮釋的古老占星技巧之原則在其他地方被稱為‘指標的生时校正方法(Animodar method of rectification,Animodar可能源自阿拉伯文رادومنلا,英譯上很可能是Indicator,即指示符或指標,請參閱BOOK OF ASTRONOMY (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) xxviii)’(或是稱為‘赫耳墨斯的對照/系統〔System/Trutine of Hermes〕’,trutine是來自希臘文trutanē,拉丁文寫作trutina,英譯上的意思是balance、pair of scales,請參閱SEADICT.COM在线词典 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))這成為中世紀和文藝復興時期的占星術家標準校正步驟。
skyscript.co.uk
Houlding, Deborah 'Ptolemy's terms and conditions: the transmission of Ptolemy's terms; an historical overview, comparison and interpretation', in Burnett and Greenbaum (2007); reproduced online at Skyscript (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (see p.3–4,6,11,15); retrieved 7 December 2011.
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon: A: 'τροπ-ή , ἡ, (τρέπω) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) ('turn, turning'); 1.b "each of two fixed points in the solar year, the solstices". Retrieved 24 November 2011.
uchicago.edu
penelope.uchicago.edu
Robbins, 1940. Introducción del traductor, II, p. x–xi.
Robbins (1940) 'Translator's Introduction' II, p.xii。比喻在《占星四書》於占星術中和《聖經》在基督教中之間的重要地位是密切的。參閱舉例Riley (1974) p.235,“virtually the Bible of astrology”;布劳顿(Broughton),Elements of Astrology (1898) p.7:“Ptolemy’s Four Books on Astrology are to the European and American Student what the Bible is to the student of Christian Theology”;塔克(Tucker),Principles of Scientific Astrology (1938) p.32:"it is the Tetrabiblos which interests astrologers ... it is their astrological bible”;以及儒那(Zusne)、瓊斯(Jones),Anomalistic psychology: a study of magical thinking (1989) p.201:“the astrologer's bible, the Tetrabiblos, is still in use in the Western world”。
Pecker (2001)p.311 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。許多當代的原始資料給予的是约90年~约168年作為托勒密的一生中最可能的時間跨度。羅賓斯(Robbins)給予的是100年~178年('Introduction', I p.viii)。馬克·史密斯(Mark Smith)對於由羅賓斯給予的數據也突然改變觀點:“It is said that he lived to be seventy-eight and survived into the reign of Antonius Pius' successor, Mark Aurelius (161–180). These two claims, if true, would lead us to place Ptolemy's death not only somewhere within that span, but probably toward the end”。
Tetrabiblos I.2 (Loeb: p.19): "...it would not be fitting to dismiss all prognostication of this character because it can sometimes be mistaken, for we do not discredit the art of the pilot for its many errors; but as when the claims are great, so also when they are divine, we should welcome what is possible and think it enough".
Tetrabiblos I.2 (Loeb: p.13), 也就是說,這些人“for the sake of gain, claim credence for another art under the name of this, and deceive the vulgar”。傑羅姆·卡丹(Jerome Cardan)在他的對於《占星四書》的評論中发表這些人所給予详细说明的預測僅僅根據著誕生的月份或日子的例證。
Tetrabiblos I.2 (Loeb: p.19): "We should not object to astrologers using as a basis for calculation nationality, country, and rearing, or any other existing accidental qualities". Most of book II is given to exploring the stereotypes of nations in astrological terms.
Cicero (c. 45 BC)II.25,54, p.433: "why do they warn us of things which we cannot avoid? Why, even a mortal, if he has a proper sense of duty, does not warn his friends of imminent disasters which can in no way be escaped".
有時候它是意味著托勒密创造回歸黃道(tropical zodiac)或者是在他使用它打破常規的做法中;參閱海倫教授所舉的例子,'Ptolemy's Doctrine of the Terms and its Reception', p.52 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),在Jones (2010)之中,或是羅伯特(Robert)和丹恩(Dann),The Astrological Revolution, (Steiner Books, 2010) p.234 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。無論如何,很明顯的托勒密只不過是遵循著慣例,這顯示在Geminos's Introduction to the phenomena, 'On the Circle of the Signs' ch.1 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),其中回歸星座(tropical zodiac)在追溯至西元前一世紀的文獻中被給予了詳細解釋說明,並且已知道是以古老學術權威的解釋紀錄為基礎(Evans and Berggren (2006), Preface, p.xvi and Introduction, p.2 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆));也因為托勒密陳述出它是提供著根據古老來源的方法:“it is reasonable to reckon the beginnings of the signs also from the equinoxes and solstices, partly because the writers make this quite clear, and particularly because from our previous demonstrations we observe that their natures, powers, and familiarities take their cause from the solstitial and equinoctial starting-places, and from no other source. For if other starting-places are assumed, we shall either be compelled no longer to use the natures of the signs for prognostications or, if we use them, to be in error”。(I.22, Loeb: p.109–111)。
托勒密僅描述巨蟹座和摩羯座作為‘回歸(tropical)’至點並且提到了牡羊座和天秤座(春季和秋季的星座)作為分點星座(the equinoctial signs)。通常地,其他古代作家提到了俱有四種作為回歸至點,從‘堅固(solid)’星座(金牛座、獅子座、天蠍座以及水瓶座)區別開來,這是指出確立的季節,以及‘有兩個主部的(bi-corporeal)’星座(雙子座、處女座、射手座以及雙魚座),這是托勒密表示這麼稱呼的,因為“they share, as it were, at end and beginning, the natural properties of the two states of weather”。(I.11, Loeb: p.69)。
Tetrabiblos I.11 (Loeb: p.67): "They have received their name from what takes place in them. For the Sun turns when he is at the beginning of these signs and reverses his latitudinal progress, causing summer in Cancer and winter in Capricorn".
Tetrabiblos II,1 (Loeb: p.119): "And since weaker natures always yield to the stronger, and the particular always falls under the general, it would by all means be necessary for those who purpose an inquiry about a single individual long before to have comprehended the more general considerations".
在羅賓斯版本的一個腳註提供了杰羅姆·卡丹(Jerome Cardan)的解釋,即托勒密的“有人居住的世界”被構想著“as a trapezium, narrower at the top (north) than the bottom, and bounded by arcs; this is divided into quadrants by north-south and east-west lines. The 'parts closer to the centre' are then marked off by lines joining the ends of the two latter, dividing each quadrant and producing 4 right-angled triangles at the centre”。Robbins (1940)p.129, n. 2)。
Tetrabiblos II.9 (Loeb: p.193): "For if they appear black or livid they signify the effects which were mentioned in connection with Saturn's nature; if white, those of Jupiter; if reddish, those of Mars; if yellow, those of Venus; and if variegated, those of Mercury. If the characteristic colour appears to cover the whole body of the luminary or the whole region surrounding it, the predicted event will affect most of the parts of the countries; but if it is in any one part, it will affect only that part against which the phenomenon is inclined".
Tetrabiblos II.8 Loeb: p.189): "Consequently questions of this kind would reasonably be left to the enterprise and ingenuity of the mathematician, [i.e., astrologer] in order to make the particular distinctions".
Tetrabiblos III.1 (Loeb: p.225)。這項解釋是反映在隨後的討論中,是探討對於從受孕的那一刻,雖然仍未與母體分開,為什麼出生的那一刻更加的確切。舉例而言,約翰尼斯·克卜勒(Johannes Kepler)是遵循著托勒密的學說,當他在他的《第三方調解》(Tertius Interveniens,1610年)中寫道:“When a human being's life is first ignited, when he now has his own life, and can no longer remain in the womb - then he receives a character and an imprint of all the celestial configurations (or the images of the rays intersecting on earth), and retains them unto his grave”。參閱7.1 Portuguese Web Archive的存檔,存档日期2009-07-12 of Translated excerpts by Dr. Kenneth G. Negus on Cura (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), retrieved 17 November 2011.
舉例而言(III.8):“if even in this case not one of the beneficent planets bears witness to any of the places mentioned, the offspring are entirely irrational and in the true sense of the word nondescript; but if Jupiter or Venus bears witness, the type of monster will be honoured and seemly, such as is usually the case with hermaphrodites or the so called harpocratiacs [deaf mutes]”。
Robbins (1940) 'Translator's Introduction' p.xiv: "Professor Franz Boll, whose studies of Ptolemy have been cited many times already, had begun work upon a new edition of the Tetrabiblos prior to his lamented death, July 3, 1924. His pupil, Fräulein Emilie Boer, however, continued Boll’s task, and the appearance of their completed text has been awaited since 1926. I regret very much that my own work on the present text and translation could not have profited from the results of the textual studies of these two scholars".
Elements of Astrology (1898) p.7 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。布勞頓(Broughton)形容它對於占星術家的價值為“One of the best books the student should read, and which is most essential” p.v.。
Pecker (2001)p.311 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。許多當代的原始資料給予的是约90年~约168年作為托勒密的一生中最可能的時間跨度。羅賓斯(Robbins)給予的是100年~178年('Introduction', I p.viii)。馬克·史密斯(Mark Smith)對於由羅賓斯給予的數據也突然改變觀點:“It is said that he lived to be seventy-eight and survived into the reign of Antonius Pius' successor, Mark Aurelius (161–180). These two claims, if true, would lead us to place Ptolemy's death not only somewhere within that span, but probably toward the end”。
有時候它是意味著托勒密创造回歸黃道(tropical zodiac)或者是在他使用它打破常規的做法中;參閱海倫教授所舉的例子,'Ptolemy's Doctrine of the Terms and its Reception', p.52 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),在Jones (2010)之中,或是羅伯特(Robert)和丹恩(Dann),The Astrological Revolution, (Steiner Books, 2010) p.234 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。無論如何,很明顯的托勒密只不過是遵循著慣例,這顯示在Geminos's Introduction to the phenomena, 'On the Circle of the Signs' ch.1 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),其中回歸星座(tropical zodiac)在追溯至西元前一世紀的文獻中被給予了詳細解釋說明,並且已知道是以古老學術權威的解釋紀錄為基礎(Evans and Berggren (2006), Preface, p.xvi and Introduction, p.2 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆));也因為托勒密陳述出它是提供著根據古老來源的方法:“it is reasonable to reckon the beginnings of the signs also from the equinoxes and solstices, partly because the writers make this quite clear, and particularly because from our previous demonstrations we observe that their natures, powers, and familiarities take their cause from the solstitial and equinoctial starting-places, and from no other source. For if other starting-places are assumed, we shall either be compelled no longer to use the natures of the signs for prognostications or, if we use them, to be in error”。(I.22, Loeb: p.109–111)。
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon: A: 'τροπ-ή , ἡ, (τρέπω) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) ('turn, turning'); 1.b "each of two fixed points in the solar year, the solstices". Retrieved 24 November 2011.
雖然每72年只有1°的旋转速率(rate of revolution),它在很長的一段時間所加起來。將近2000年已經過去了,由於托勒密在撰寫他的《占星四書》時,這樣的移位是現在接近於整個星座的距離。全部循環週期的完成是在26,000年的歷程以上。——參閱Evans (1998)p.245ff (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。
Tetrabiblos III.1 (Loeb: p.225)。這項解釋是反映在隨後的討論中,是探討對於從受孕的那一刻,雖然仍未與母體分開,為什麼出生的那一刻更加的確切。舉例而言,約翰尼斯·克卜勒(Johannes Kepler)是遵循著托勒密的學說,當他在他的《第三方調解》(Tertius Interveniens,1610年)中寫道:“When a human being's life is first ignited, when he now has his own life, and can no longer remain in the womb - then he receives a character and an imprint of all the celestial configurations (or the images of the rays intersecting on earth), and retains them unto his grave”。參閱7.1 Portuguese Web Archive的存檔,存档日期2009-07-12 of Translated excerpts by Dr. Kenneth G. Negus on Cura (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), retrieved 17 November 2011.
托勒密的方法包括在先前的朔望(在出生之前的新月或滿月)之計算考虑。這份文獻詮釋的古老占星技巧之原則在其他地方被稱為‘指標的生时校正方法(Animodar method of rectification,Animodar可能源自阿拉伯文رادومنلا,英譯上很可能是Indicator,即指示符或指標,請參閱BOOK OF ASTRONOMY (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) xxviii)’(或是稱為‘赫耳墨斯的對照/系統〔System/Trutine of Hermes〕’,trutine是來自希臘文trutanē,拉丁文寫作trutina,英譯上的意思是balance、pair of scales,請參閱SEADICT.COM在线词典 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))這成為中世紀和文藝復興時期的占星術家標準校正步驟。
Tester (1987)p.84 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆): "That the topic was of great importance is shown by the length of Ptolemy’s chapter and the number of illustrations he gives to help the reader understand an immensely complex procedure. This is very unusual since Ptolemy tends to avoid details of practice, and consequently needs and uses few illustrations".
Houlding, Deborah 'Ptolemy's terms and conditions: the transmission of Ptolemy's terms; an historical overview, comparison and interpretation', in Burnett and Greenbaum (2007); reproduced online at Skyscript (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (see p.3–4,6,11,15); retrieved 7 December 2011.
Ashmand (1822) 'Preface' pp.xvii (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。在1635年爱思唯尔版本中這‘發表’的作者是不得而知,即報告說“是幾年前翻譯的(was translated a few years ago)”以及其作者奧拉提烏斯(Allatius)的說法:“He ... holds some office in the Vatican Library. He undertook his present work, however, for his own private gratification, and that of certain friends; but when writings compiled with this view have once quitted their author's hands, it will often happen that they have also, at the same time, escaped his control.”。
Campion, Nicholas, 'Astronomy and the Soul', in Tymieniecka (2010) p.251 (acknowledging reference to Van der Waerden(英语:Van der Waerden), Bartel, (1974) Science awakening, vol. II, 'The birth of astronomy'. Leyden and New York: Oxford University Press).