氯 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "氯" in Chinese language version.

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1902encyclopedia.com

Bleaching. Encyclopædia Britannica 9th Edition (1875) and 10th Edition (1902). [2012-05-02]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-24）.

airliquide.com

encyclopedia.airliquide.com

Chlorine （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Gas Encyclopaedia, Air Liquide

antiquity.ac.uk

The earliest salt production in the world: an early Neolithic exploitation in Poiana Slatinei-Lunca, Romania. [2008-07-10]. （原始内容存档于April 30, 2011）.

aps.org

Chodos, Alan (编). This Month in Physics History September 4, 1821 and August 29, 1831: Faraday and Electromagnetism. American Physical Society. [2010-05-08]. （原始内容存档于June 15, 2010）.

archive.org

Kraus, Paul. Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale（英语：Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale）. 1942–1943. ISBN 9783487091150. OCLC 468740510. vol. II, pp. 41–42; Multhauf, Robert P. The Origins of Chemistry. London: Oldbourne. 1966. pp. 141-142.
Aspin, Chris. The Cotton Industry. Shire Publications Ltd. 1981: 24. ISBN 978-0-85263-545-2.
Gordon W. Gribble. The diversity of naturally occurring organobromine compounds. Chemical Society Reviews. 1999, 28 (5): 335–46. doi:10.1039/a900201d.
Connell, D.; et al. Introduction to Ecotoxicology. Blackwell Science. 1999: 68. ISBN 978-0-632-03852-7.
Hammond, C. R. The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st. CRC press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8493-0481-1.
Lavie, CJ; Crocker, EF; Key, KJ; Ferguson, TG. Marked hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with severe compensatory hypoventilation. South. Med. J. October 1986, 79 (10): 1296–99. PMID 3764530. doi:10.1097/00007611-198610000-00025.
Levitin, H; Branscome, W; Epstein, FH. The pathogenesis of hypochloremia in respiratory acidosis. J. Clin. Invest. December 1958, 37 (12): 1667–75. PMC 1062852 . PMID 13611033. doi:10.1172/JCI103758.
Cambier, C; Detry, B; Beerens, D; et al. Effects of hyperchloremia on blood oxygen binding in healthy calves. J. Appl. Physiol. October 1998, 85 (4): 1267–72. PMID 9760315. doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1267.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik. The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics A. 2003, 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. ISSN 0375-9474. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.

bayer.de

tecci.bayer.de

Chlorine: Product Datasheet (PDF). Bayer MaterialScience AG. 2008-04-21 [2013-12-17]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于September 15, 2012）.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

'Chlorine bomb' hits Iraq village. BBC News. 2007-05-17 [2007-05-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-05-26）.

bbc.com

Syrian forces 'drop chlorine' on Aleppo. BBC News. 2016-09-07 [2017-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-13）.
"Syrian air force behind 2018 chlorine attack on Saraqeb, OPCW finds" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） BBC News. April 12, 2021.

books.google.com

van Helmont, Joannis Baptistae. Opera omnia [All Works]. Frankfurt-am-Main, (Germany): Johann Just Erythropel. 1682 [2021-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-18）（拉丁语）.
Ihde, Aaron John. The development of modern chemistry. Courier Dover Publications. 1984: 158 [2021-06-13]. ISBN 978-0-486-64235-2. （原始内容存档于2020-05-30）.
Gay-Lussac; Thenard. Extrait des mémoires lus à l'Institut national, depuis le 7 mars 1808 jusqu'au 27 février 1809. [Extracts from memoirs read at the national Institute, from 7 March 1808 to 27 February 1809]. Mémoires de Physique et de Chimie de la Société d'Arcueil. 1809, 2: 295–358 [2021-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-12）. See: § De la nature et des propriétés de l'acide muriatique et de l'acide muriatique oxigéné (On the nature and properties of muriatic acid and of oxidized muriatic acid), pp. 339–358. From pp. 357–358: "Le gaz muriatique oxigéné n'est pas, en effect, décomposé … comme un corps composé." ("In fact, oxygenated muriatic acid is not decomposed by charcoal, and it might be supposed, from this fact and those that are communicated in this Memoir, that this gas is a simple body. The phenomena that it presents can be explained well enough on this hypothesis; we shall not seek to defend it, however, as it appears to us that they are still better explained by regarding oxygenated muriatic acid as a compound body.") For a full English translation of this section, see: Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard, "On the nature and the properties of muriatic acid and of oxygenated muriatic acid" (Lemoyne College, Syracuse, New York, USA) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Almqvist, Ebbe. History of Industrial Gases. Springer Science & Business Media. 2003: 220 [2021-06-14]. ISBN 978-0-306-47277-0. （原始内容存档于2021-12-18）.
Gédéon, Andras. Science and technology in medicine. Springer. 2006: 181–82. ISBN 978-0-387-27874-2. （原始内容存档于2015-12-31）.
Labarraque, Antoine Germain. On the disinfecting properties of Labarraque's preparations of chlorine. Translated by James Scott. 1828: 8. （原始内容存档于2015-12-31）.
Smil, Vaclav. Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production. 2004-04-01: 226. ISBN 978-0-262-69313-4. （原始内容存档于2015-12-31）.
Bertolini, Luca; Elsener, Bernhard; Pedeferri, Pietro; Polder, Rob B. Corrosion of steel in concrete: prevention, diagnosis, repair. Wiley-VCH. 2004: 148 [2021-06-13]. ISBN 978-3-527-30800-2. （原始内容存档于2020-06-14）.
Lewis, P.R. Polymer Product Failure. iSmithers Rapra Publishing. 1 January 2000: 19– [2011-04-30]. ISBN 978-1-85957-192-7. （原始内容存档于10 May 2013）.

bris.ac.uk

chm.bris.ac.uk

Paul May. Bleach (Sodium Hypochlorite). University of Bristol. [13 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于13 December 2016）.

cdc.gov

Disinfection with chloramine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2019-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-20）.
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0115. NIOSH.

atsdr.cdc.gov

Public Health Statement – Chloromethane 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2007-09-27., Centers for Disease Control, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

bt.cdc.gov

Facts About Chlorine. www.bt.cdc.gov. [2016-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-23）.

cenmag.org

chemicalweapons.cenmag.org

Everts, Sarah. When Chemicals Became Weapons of War. Chemical & Engineering News. February 23, 2015, 93 (8). （原始内容存档于March 30, 2016）.

chemicke-listy.cz

Karpenko, Vladimír; Norris, John A. Vitriol in the History of Chemistry. Chemické listy. 2002, 96 (12): 997–1005 [2021-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-18）. p. 1002.

cnn.com

Mahdi, Basim. Iraq gas attack makes hundreds ill. CNN. 2007-03-17 [2007-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-17）.

degruyter.com

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.

doi.org

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.
Weeks, Mary Elvira. The discovery of the elements. XVII. The halogen family. Journal of Chemical Education. 1932, 9 (11): 1915. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1915W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1915.
Davy, Humphry. The Bakerian Lecture. On some of the combinations of oxymuriatic gas and oxygene, and on the chemical relations of these principles, to inflammable bodies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1811, 101: 1–35 [2021-06-13]. Bibcode:1811RSPT..101....1D. doi:10.1098/rstl.1811.0001 . （原始内容存档于2020-04-23）. Davy named chlorine on p. 32: （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） "After consulting some of the most eminent chemical philosophers in this country, it has been judged most proper to suggest a name founded upon one of its obvious and characteristic properties — its colour, and to call it Chlorine, or Chloric gas.* *From χλωρος."
Faraday, M. On fluid chlorine. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1823, 113: 160–164 [2021-06-13]. Bibcode:1823RSPT..113..160F. doi:10.1098/rstl.1823.0016 . （原始内容存档于2020-04-23）.
Bouvet, Maurice. Les grands pharmaciens: Labarraque (1777–1850) [The great pharmacists: Labarraque (1777–1850)]. Revue d'Histoire de la Pharmacie. 1950, 38 (128): 97–107. doi:10.3406/pharm.1950.8662 （法语）.
Schmittinger, Peter; Florkiewicz, Thomas; Curlin, L. Calvert; Lüke, Benno; Scannell, Robert; Navin, Thomas; Zelfel, Erich; Bartsch, Rüdiger, Chlorine, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006-01-15, ISBN 3-527-30673-0, doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_399.pub2
Cameron, A. G. W. Abundance of the Elements in the Solar System (PDF). Space Science Reviews. 1973, 15 (1): 121–46. Bibcode:1973SSRv...15..121C. S2CID 120201972. doi:10.1007/BF00172440. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-10-21）.
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik. The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics A. 2003, 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. ISSN 0375-9474. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
M. Zreda; et al. Cosmogenic chlorine-36 production rates in terrestrial rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1991, 105 (1–3): 94–109. Bibcode:1991E&PSL.105...94Z. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(91)90123-Y.
M. Sheppard and M. Herod. Variation in background concentrations and specific activities of 36Cl, 129I and U/Th-series radionuclides in surface waters. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2012, 106: 27–34. PMID 22304997. doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.10.015.
M. Rossberg et al. "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_233.pub2
Gordon W. Gribble. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds. Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31 (3): 141–52. doi:10.1021/ar9701777.
Gordon W. Gribble. The diversity of naturally occurring organobromine compounds. Chemical Society Reviews. 1999, 28 (5): 335–46. doi:10.1039/a900201d.
Kjeld C. Engvild. Chlorine-Containing Natural Compounds in Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 1986, 25 (4): 7891–791. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(86)80002-4.
Gribble, G. W. The Natural production of chlorinated compounds. Environmental Science and Technology. 1994, 28 (7): 310A–319A. Bibcode:1994EnST...28..310G. PMID 22662801. doi:10.1021/es00056a712.
Gribble, G. W. Naturally occurring organohalogen compounds - A comprehensive survey. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. 1996, 68 (10): 1–423. PMID 8795309. doi:10.1021/np50088a001.
Koski T. A.; Stuart L. S.; Ortenzio L. F. Comparison of chlorine, bromine, iodine as disinfectants for swimming pool water. Applied Microbiology. 1966, 14 (2): 276–79. PMC 546668 . PMID 4959984. doi:10.1128/AEM.14.2.276-279.1966.
Lavie, CJ; Crocker, EF; Key, KJ; Ferguson, TG. Marked hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with severe compensatory hypoventilation. South. Med. J. October 1986, 79 (10): 1296–99. PMID 3764530. doi:10.1097/00007611-198610000-00025.
Levitin, H; Branscome, W; Epstein, FH. The pathogenesis of hypochloremia in respiratory acidosis. J. Clin. Invest. December 1958, 37 (12): 1667–75. PMC 1062852 . PMID 13611033. doi:10.1172/JCI103758.
Cambier, C; Detry, B; Beerens, D; et al. Effects of hyperchloremia on blood oxygen binding in healthy calves. J. Appl. Physiol. October 1998, 85 (4): 1267–72. PMID 9760315. doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1267.
Winder, Chris. The Toxicology of Chlorine. Environmental Research. 2001, 85 (2): 105–14. Bibcode:2001ER.....85..105W. PMID 11161660. doi:10.1006/enrs.2000.4110.
Richardson, Susan D.; Plewa, Michael J.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.; Schoeny, Rita; DeMarini, David M. Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: A review and roadmap for research. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research. 2007, 636 (1–3): 178–242. PMID 17980649. doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.09.001.

drcordas.com

Chlorine – History (PDF). [2008-07-10]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于21 February 2007）.

dropbox.com

Lab report on chlorine gas usage (PDF). Kurdistan Region Security Council. March 14, 2015 [2021-06-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-12-30）.

epaalumni.org

Joseph Cotruvo, Victor Kimm, Arden Calvert. “Drinking Water: A Half Century of Progress.” （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） EPA Alumni Association. March 1, 2016.

eurochlor.org

The diaphragm cell process. Euro Chlor. [2007-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-11）.
The membrane cell process. Euro Chlor. [2007-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-11）.

firstworldwar.com

Weapons of War: Poison Gas. First World War.com. [2007-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2007-08-21）.

fnal.gov

www-d0.fnal.gov

Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, in Lide, D. R. (编), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 86th, Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8493-0486-5

forbes.com

Berezow, Alex. Why You Should Never Mix Different Drain Cleaners. Forbes. [2016-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-25）.

foxnews.com

Ignoring UN, Russia and Assad continue Syrian chemical weapons and bombing attacks labeled war crimes. 2017-03-06 [2017-05-11]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-25）.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Weeks, Mary Elvira. The discovery of the elements. XVII. The halogen family. Journal of Chemical Education. 1932, 9 (11): 1915. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1915W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1915.
Davy, Humphry. The Bakerian Lecture. On some of the combinations of oxymuriatic gas and oxygene, and on the chemical relations of these principles, to inflammable bodies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1811, 101: 1–35 [2021-06-13]. Bibcode:1811RSPT..101....1D. doi:10.1098/rstl.1811.0001 . （原始内容存档于2020-04-23）. Davy named chlorine on p. 32: （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） "After consulting some of the most eminent chemical philosophers in this country, it has been judged most proper to suggest a name founded upon one of its obvious and characteristic properties — its colour, and to call it Chlorine, or Chloric gas.* *From χλωρος."
Faraday, M. On fluid chlorine. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1823, 113: 160–164 [2021-06-13]. Bibcode:1823RSPT..113..160F. doi:10.1098/rstl.1823.0016 . （原始内容存档于2020-04-23）.
Cameron, A. G. W. Abundance of the Elements in the Solar System (PDF). Space Science Reviews. 1973, 15 (1): 121–46. Bibcode:1973SSRv...15..121C. S2CID 120201972. doi:10.1007/BF00172440. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-10-21）.
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik. The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties. Nuclear Physics A. 2003, 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. ISSN 0375-9474. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
M. Zreda; et al. Cosmogenic chlorine-36 production rates in terrestrial rocks. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1991, 105 (1–3): 94–109. Bibcode:1991E&PSL.105...94Z. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(91)90123-Y.
Gribble, G. W. The Natural production of chlorinated compounds. Environmental Science and Technology. 1994, 28 (7): 310A–319A. Bibcode:1994EnST...28..310G. PMID 22662801. doi:10.1021/es00056a712.
Winder, Chris. The Toxicology of Chlorine. Environmental Research. 2001, 85 (2): 105–14. Bibcode:2001ER.....85..105W. PMID 11161660. doi:10.1006/enrs.2000.4110.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Scheele, Carl Wilhelm. Om Brunsten, eller Magnesia, och dess Egenskaper [On braunstein [i.e., pyrolusite, manganese dioxide], or magnesia, and its properties]. Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar [Proceedings of the Royal Scientific Academy]. 1774, 35: 89–116, 177–194 [2021-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-23）（瑞典语）. In section 6 on pp. 93–94 of his paper （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Scheele described how chlorine was produced when a mixture of hydrochloric acid and manganese dioxide (Brunsten) was heated: "6) (a) På 1/2 uns fint rifven Brunsten slogs 1 uns ren Spiritus salis. … samt lukten fo̊rsvunnen." ( 6) (a) On one half ounce of finely ground Braunstein [pyrolusite] was poured one ounce of pure spiritus salis [spirit of salt, hydrogen chloride]. After this mixture had been standing in the cold for one hour, the acid had assumed a dark brown colour. One part of this solution was poured into a glass, which was placed over the fire. The solution gave off an odour like warm aqua regia and after one quarter’s hour duration, it was as clear and colourless as water, and the smell had disappeared.) For an English translation of the relevant passages of this article, see: The Early History of Chlorine : Papers by Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774), C. L. Berthollet (1785), Guyton de Morveau (1787), J. L. Gay-Lussac and L. J. Thenard (1809) (Edinburgh, Scotland: Alembic Club, 1912), pp. 5–10. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Davy, Humphry. The Bakerian Lecture. On some of the combinations of oxymuriatic gas and oxygene, and on the chemical relations of these principles, to inflammable bodies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1811, 101: 1–35 [2021-06-13]. Bibcode:1811RSPT..101....1D. doi:10.1098/rstl.1811.0001 . （原始内容存档于2020-04-23）. Davy named chlorine on p. 32: （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） "After consulting some of the most eminent chemical philosophers in this country, it has been judged most proper to suggest a name founded upon one of its obvious and characteristic properties — its colour, and to call it Chlorine, or Chloric gas.* *From χλωρος."
Faraday, M. On fluid chlorine. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1823, 113: 160–164 [2021-06-13]. Bibcode:1823RSPT..113..160F. doi:10.1098/rstl.1823.0016 . （原始内容存档于2020-04-23）.

historynet.com

Weaponry: Use of Chlorine Gas Cylinders in World War I. historynet.com. 2006-06-12 [2008-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-02）.

hxzxs.cn

刘怀乐. 化学鉴源与略考. 化学教育. 1994, (04) [2013-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-04）.

illinois.edu

news.aces.illinois.edu

What's in your Water?: Disinfectants Create Toxic By-products. ACES News. College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences – University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 2009-03-31 [2009-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-03）.

lemoyne.edu

web.lemoyne.edu

Gay-Lussac; Thenard. Extrait des mémoires lus à l'Institut national, depuis le 7 mars 1808 jusqu'au 27 février 1809. [Extracts from memoirs read at the national Institute, from 7 March 1808 to 27 February 1809]. Mémoires de Physique et de Chimie de la Société d'Arcueil. 1809, 2: 295–358 [2021-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-12）. See: § De la nature et des propriétés de l'acide muriatique et de l'acide muriatique oxigéné (On the nature and properties of muriatic acid and of oxidized muriatic acid), pp. 339–358. From pp. 357–358: "Le gaz muriatique oxigéné n'est pas, en effect, décomposé … comme un corps composé." ("In fact, oxygenated muriatic acid is not decomposed by charcoal, and it might be supposed, from this fact and those that are communicated in this Memoir, that this gas is a simple body. The phenomena that it presents can be explained well enough on this hypothesis; we shall not seek to defend it, however, as it appears to us that they are still better explained by regarding oxygenated muriatic acid as a compound body.") For a full English translation of this section, see: Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard, "On the nature and the properties of muriatic acid and of oxygenated muriatic acid" (Lemoyne College, Syracuse, New York, USA) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

nasa.gov

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