Alan Turing (English Wikipedia)

Copeland, Jack; Proudfoot, Diane (May 2004). "Alan Turing, Codebreaker and Computer Pioneer". alanturing.net. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
Good, Jack; Michie, Donald; Timms, Geoffrey (1945). General Report on Tunny: With Emphasis on Statistical Methods. Part 3 Organisation: 38 Wheel-breaking from Key, Page 293. UK Public Record Office HW 25/4 and HW 25/5. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.

ams.org (Global: 434^th place; English: 249^th place)

Hilton, Peter. "A Century of Mathematics in America, Part 1, Reminiscences of Bletchley Park" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2019.

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meetings.aps.org

Brendan D'Aquino (7 March 2023). "Abstract: F46.00003 : Studying Turing patterns in vegetation". American Physical Society. Archived from the original on 2 July 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.

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wayback.archive-it.org

"The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook". Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 26 September 2006.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Church 1936 Church, Alonzo (1936). "An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory". American Journal of Mathematics. 58 (2): 345–363. doi:10.2307/2371045. ISSN 0002-9327. JSTOR 2371045.
Turing, Alan M. (1940). The Prof's Book: Turing's Treatise on the Enigma. In late 1940 Alan Turing wrote a report describing the methods he and his colleagues at Bletchley Park had used to break into the German Enigma cipher systems. At Bletchley it was known as 'the Prof's Book.' A copy of this handbook was at last released from secrecy by the American National Security Agency in April 1996, under the title Turing's Treatise on the Enigma. Subsequently, a much better original copy was released by the (British) National Archives, box HW 25/3. This also revealed a title which had been lost in the American copy: Mathematical theory of ENIGMA machine. (Though, oddly, the report does not actually have any mathematical theory.)
Brown, Anthony Cave (1975). Bodyguard of Lies: The Extraordinary True Story Behind D-Day. The Lyons Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-59921-383-5.
Husbands, Phil; Holland, Owen (2008). "The Ratio Club: A Hub of British Cybernetics" (PDF). In Husbands, Phil; Wheeler, M.; Holland, Owen (eds.). The mechanical mind in history. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.]: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-08377-5. OCLC 181142511. Retrieved 17 May 2026.

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

Gladwin, Lee (Fall 1997). "Alan Turing, Enigma, and the Breaking of German Machine Ciphers in World War II" (PDF). Prologue Magazine. Fall 1997: 202–217. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019 – via National Archives.

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"Full text of the Prime Minister's apology". Archived from the original on 9 November 2012.

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bbc.co.uk

Pease, Roland (23 June 2012). "Alan Turing: Inquest's suicide verdict 'not supportable'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012. We have ... been recreating the narrative of Turing's life, and we have recreated him as an unhappy young man who committed suicide. But the evidence is not there.
"Alan Turing is voted the nation's icon of the 20th century in BBC Two's Icons finale". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
Vallance, Chris (19 April 2012). "Alan Turing papers on code breaking released by GCHQ". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
"Alan Turing: Colleagues share their memories". BBC News. 23 June 2012. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
Vincent Dowd (6 June 2014). "What was Alan Turing really like?". BBC. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
"Petition to pardon computer pioneer Alan Turing started". BBC News. 6 December 2011. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
"MP calls for pardon for computer pioneer Alan Turing". BBC News. 1 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
"Royal pardon for codebreaker Alan Turing". BBC News. 24 December 2013. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
"Government 'committed' to Alan Turing gay pardon law". BBC News. 22 September 2016. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2016.

news.bbc.co.uk

A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. Whilst it may be a defensible claim, both the Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have stated they know of no documentary evidence to support it, nor the date or context in which Churchill supposedly made it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see Schilling, Jonathan (8 January 2015). "Myths > Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory". International Churchill Society. The Churchill Centre. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015. and Hodges, Andrew. "Part 4: The Relay Race". Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015. A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See Spencer, Clare (11 September 2009). "Profile: Alan Turing". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2015. Update 13 February 2015 Official war historian Harry Hinsley estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by more than two years but added the caveat that this did not account for the use of the atomic bomb and other eventualities. Hinsley, Harry (1996) [1993]. The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War. Keith Lockstone's home page. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2024. Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University
"Thousands call for Turing apology". BBC News. 31 August 2009. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
"PM apology after Turing petition". BBC News. 11 September 2009. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2009.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Copeland, Jack (18 June 2012). "Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives'". BBC News Technology. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
"'Alan Turing law': Thousands of gay men to be pardoned". BBC News. 20 October 2016. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
"St Leonards plaque marks Alan Turing's early years". BBC News. 25 June 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
Dexter, Aimee (24 July 2026). "Novel analysis reveals playful side of Alan Turing". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 1 August 2026.

bl.uk (Global: 1,181^st place; English: 639^th place)

ethos.bl.uk

Gandy, Robin Oliver (1953). On axiomatic systems in mathematics and theories in physics (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. doi:10.17863/CAM.16125. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.590164. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.

bl.uk

"Alan Turing". The British Library. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.

bletchleypark.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sir John Dermot Turing". Bletchley Park. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017.
"Bletchley Park Unveils Statue Commemorating Alan Turing". Archived from the original on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2007.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Beavers 2013, p. 481 Beavers, Anthony (2013). "Alan Turing: Mathematical Mechanist". In Cooper, S. Barry; van Leeuwen, Jan (eds.). Alan Turing: His Work and Impact. Waltham: Elsevier. pp. 481–485. ISBN 978-0-12-386980-7.
Hofstadter, Douglas R. (1985). Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern. Basic Books. p. 484. ISBN 978-0-465-04566-2. OCLC 230812136.
The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community. Alyson Publications. 1989. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-932870-19-3. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2024. After his first love, Christopher Morcom, died of tuberculosis ...
Hodges, Andrew (1992). Alan Turing: The Enigma. Vintage. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-09-911641-7. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2024. This was first love, which Alan would himself come to regard as the first of many for others of his own sex.
Tekhnema: Journal of Philosophy and Technology. American University of Paris. 1995. p. 57. ... Turing's first platonic love, Christopher Morcom ...
B. Jack Copeland; Carl J. Posy; Oron Shagrir (2013). Computability: Turing, Gödel, Church, and Beyond. MIT Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-262-01899-9.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Alan Turing. Biography, Facts, & Education". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017.

caledonianrecord.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Story by 'father of modern computing' reveals his true self | National | caledonianrecord.com". www.caledonianrecord.com. Retrieved 1 August 2026.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

turingarchive.kings.cam.ac.uk

"AMT-B-10 | the Turing Digital Archive".
"Post Mortem Examination". Turing Digital Archive. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
Mahon-kings, A.P. (June 1945). "The history of Hut Eight: 1939–1945". The Turing Digital Archive. King's College, Cambridge. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2025. AMT-B-27b: Xerox, Paper, 117 sh. in envelope. From records held at the US National Archives and Records Administration.

repository.cam.ac.uk

Gandy, Robin Oliver (1953). On axiomatic systems in mathematics and theories in physics (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. doi:10.17863/CAM.16125. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.590164. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.

archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk

Turing, Alan (1939). "Letter From Alan Turing to his mother, Sara Turing, 1939-01-23". cam.ac.uk. "My lectures are going off rather well. There are 14 people coming to them at present. No doubt the attendance will drop off as the term advances."

chessgames.com (Global: 2,192^nd place; English: 2,062^nd place)

"Alan Turing vs Alick Glennie (1952) "Turing Test"". Chessgames.com. Archived from the original on 19 February 2006.

christies.com (Global: 2,594^th place; English: 1,829^th place)

"TURING, Ethel Sara (1881–1976, mother of Alan Turing). Series of 11 autograph letters to Robin Gandy, Guilford, 28 July 1954 – 11 June 1971 (most before 1959), altogether 29 pages, 8vo (2 letters dated 17 May and 26 May 1955 incomplete, lacking continuation leaves, occasional light soiling)". christies.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.

cix.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. Whilst it may be a defensible claim, both the Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have stated they know of no documentary evidence to support it, nor the date or context in which Churchill supposedly made it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see Schilling, Jonathan (8 January 2015). "Myths > Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory". International Churchill Society. The Churchill Centre. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015. and Hodges, Andrew. "Part 4: The Relay Race". Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015. A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See Spencer, Clare (11 September 2009). "Profile: Alan Turing". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2015. Update 13 February 2015 Official war historian Harry Hinsley estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by more than two years but added the caveat that this did not account for the use of the atomic bomb and other eventualities. Hinsley, Harry (1996) [1993]. The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War. Keith Lockstone's home page. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2024. Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University
Hinsley, Harry (1996) [1993]. The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2024. Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

Petition seeks apology for Enigma code-breaker Turing. CNN. 1 September 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 1 September 2009.

computerconservationsociety.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Harper, John (Spring 2023). "Delilah Voice Secrecy System". Resurrection: The Journal of the Computer Conservation Society (101). The Computer Conservation Society: 8–9. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
Harper, John (Summer 2023). "Delilah Voice Secrecy System [part 2]: The Design, Development and Commissioning of Delilah in 1943 – 1945". Resurrection: The Journal of the Computer Conservation Society (102). The Computer Conservation Society: 16–19. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.

direct.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,019^th place)

submissions.epetitions.direct.gov.uk

"Grant a pardon to Alan Turing". 6 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Gandy, Robin Oliver (1953). On axiomatic systems in mathematics and theories in physics (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. doi:10.17863/CAM.16125. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.590164. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
Bowen, Jonathan P. (2019). "The Impact of Alan Turing: Formal Methods and Beyond". In Bowen, Jonathan P.; Liu, Zhiming; Zhang, Zili (eds.). Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems (PDF). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11430. Cham: Springer. pp. 202–235. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5. ISBN 978-3-030-17600-6. S2CID 121295850. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Newman, M.H.A. (1955). "Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 253–263. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019. ISSN 0080-4606. JSTOR 769256. S2CID 711366.
Milinkovitch, Michel C.; Jahanbakhsh, Ebrahim; Zakany, Szabolcs (16 October 2023). "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Reaction Diffusion in Vertebrate Skin Color Patterning". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 39 (1): 145–174. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-024414. ISSN 1081-0706. PMID 37843926.
Zabell, S. L. (1995). "Alan Turing and the Central Limit Theorem". The American Mathematical Monthly. 102 (6): 483–494. doi:10.1080/00029890.1995.12004608.
Turing, A. M. (1938). "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem: A correction". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 2. 43 (1) (published 1937): 544–46. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-43.6.544.
Turing 1937 Turing, A. M. (1937) [Delivered to the Society November 1936]. "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem" (PDF). Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 2. Vol. 42, no. 1. pp. 230–65. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
Church 1936 Church, Alonzo (1936). "An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory". American Journal of Mathematics. 58 (2): 345–363. doi:10.2307/2371045. ISSN 0002-9327. JSTOR 2371045.
Turing, A.M. (1939). "Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s2-45 (1): 161–228. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3.
Turing, Alan (1938). Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (PhD thesis). Vol. s2-45. Princeton University. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3. ProQuest 301792588.
Copeland 2004a, p. 217 Copeland, B. Jack (2004a). "Colossus: Its Origins and Originators". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 26 (4): 38–45. Bibcode:2004IAHC...26d..38C. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2004.26. S2CID 20209254.
Turing, Alan M.; Bayley, D. (2012). "Report on Speech Secrecy System DELILAH, a Technical Description Compiled by A. M. Turing and Lieutenant D. Bayley REME, 1945–1946". Cryptologia. 36 (4): 295–340. doi:10.1080/01611194.2012.713803. ISSN 0161-1194. S2CID 205488183. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
Mahon 1945, p. 14. Mahon, A. P. (June 1945). The History of Hut Eight, 1939 - 1945. National Archives, Kew: United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2009 – via ellsbury.com. Reference HW 25/2
In 1996, a copy was released to the National Archives and Records Administration.^[255] Then a copy was released to National Archives, Kew.^[256] Mahon's account is first-hand from October 1941. Also published as a book chapter (doi:10.1093/oso/9780198250791.003.0010), and a volume in a series.^[257]
Turing, Alan M. (2001). "Visit to National Cash Register Corporation of Dayton, Ohio". Cryptologia. 25 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1080/0161-110191889734. S2CID 14207094.
Turing, A.M. (1948). "Rounding-Off Errors in Matrix Processes". The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics. 1 (1): 287–308. doi:10.1093/qjmam/1.1.287. hdl:10338.dmlcz/103139.
Alan Turing (1950). "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". Mind. LIX (253): 433–460. doi:10.1093/mind/lix.236.433. ISSN 0026-4423. OCLC 8091504888. Wikidata Q772056.
Pinar Saygin, A.; Cicekli, I.; Akman, V. (2000). "Turing Test: 50 Years Later". Minds and Machines. 10 (4): 463–518. doi:10.1023/A:1011288000451. hdl:11693/24987. S2CID 990084.
Alan Turing (14 August 1952). "The chemical basis of morphogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 237 (641): 37–72. doi:10.1098/rstb.1952.0012. ISSN 0962-8436. Zbl 1403.92034. Wikidata Q769913.
Murray, James D. (March 1988). "How the Leopard Gets Its Spots". Scientific American. 258 (3): 80–87. Bibcode:1988SciAm.258c..80M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0388-80. JSTOR 24989019.
Vogel, G. (2012). "Turing Pattern Fingered for Digit Formation". Science. 338 (6113): 1406. Bibcode:2012Sci...338.1406V. doi:10.1126/science.338.6113.1406. PMID 23239707.
Sheth, R.; Marcon, L.; Bastida, M.F.; Junco, M.; Quintana, L.; Dahn, R.; Kmita, M.; Sharpe, J.; Ros, M.A. (2012). "Hox Genes Regulate Digit Patterning by Controlling the Wavelength of a Turing-Type Mechanism". Science. 338 (6113): 1476–1480. Bibcode:2012Sci...338.1476S. doi:10.1126/science.1226804. PMC 4486416. PMID 23239739.
Husbands, Phil; Holland, Owen (September 2012). "Warren McCulloch and the British Cyberneticians" (PDF). Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. 37 (3): 237–253. Bibcode:2012ISRv...37..237H. doi:10.1179/0308018812Z.00000000019. S2CID 145563943. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
Williams, Colin (2024). A serendipity of mavericks: the Ratio Club and the British experience of cybernetics from 1949 to 1959 (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. doi:10.5287/ora-e9zqdbpy4. Retrieved 18 June 2026.
Husbands, Phil; Holland, Owen (September 2012). "Warren McCulloch and the British Cyberneticians" (PDF). Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. 37 (3): 237–253. Bibcode:2012ISRv...37..237H. doi:10.1179/0308018812Z.00000000019. S2CID 145563943. Retrieved 17 May 2026. After Bristol McCulloch travelled to Manchester University to visit Turing. Although there is no record of what was discussed, their meeting does not seem to have gone well as Turing later remarked that he found McCulloch 'a charlatan' (Hodges 1983, p. 411), perhaps for the same reason that the Ratio members disliked his talk.
Łupkowski, Paweł (22 June 2019). "Turinga propozycja testu dla "papierowej maszyny szachowej" z 1948 roku jako prototyp dla testu Turinga" [Turing’s 1948 ‘Paper Chess Machine’ Test as a Prototype of the Turing Test]. Ruch Filozoficzny [pl] [The Philosophical Movement]. 75 (2). Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań: 117. doi:10.12775/rf.2019.024. Retrieved 19 November 2025. PDF
Copeland, Jack; Bowen, Jonathan; Sprevak, Mark; Wilson, Robin (26 January 2017). The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press. pp. 36–37. ISBN 978-0-19-874782-6.
Dawson Jr., John W. (December 1985). ""Review of Andrew Hodges. Alan Turing: the enigma"". Journal of Symbolic Logic. 50 (4): 1065–1067. doi:10.2307/2273992. JSTOR 2273992.

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maths.ed.ac.uk

Copeland, The Essential Turing, pp. 336–337 Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.

ellsbury.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mahon 1945, p. 14. Mahon, A. P. (June 1945). The History of Hut Eight, 1939 - 1945. National Archives, Kew: United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2009 – via ellsbury.com. Reference HW 25/2
In 1996, a copy was released to the National Archives and Records Administration.^[255] Then a copy was released to National Archives, Kew.^[256] Mahon's account is first-hand from October 1941. Also published as a book chapter (doi:10.1093/oso/9780198250791.003.0010), and a volume in a series.^[257]
Alexander & circa 1945, p. 42 Alexander, C. Hugh O'D. "Cryptographic History of Work on the German Naval Enigma". The National Archives, Kew, Reference HW 25/1. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2010.

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Bowen, Jonathan P. (2019). "The Impact of Alan Turing: Formal Methods and Beyond". In Bowen, Jonathan P.; Liu, Zhiming; Zhang, Zili (eds.). Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems (PDF). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11430. Cham: Springer. pp. 202–235. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5. ISBN 978-3-030-17600-6. S2CID 121295850. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
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hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Turing, A.M. (1939). "Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. s2-45 (1): 161–228. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3.
Turing, Alan (1938). Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (PhD thesis). Vol. s2-45. Princeton University. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3. ProQuest 301792588.
Turing, A.M. (1948). "Rounding-Off Errors in Matrix Processes". The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics. 1 (1): 287–308. doi:10.1093/qjmam/1.1.287. hdl:10338.dmlcz/103139.
Pinar Saygin, A.; Cicekli, I.; Akman, V. (2000). "Turing Test: 50 Years Later". Minds and Machines. 10 (4): 463–518. doi:10.1023/A:1011288000451. hdl:11693/24987. S2CID 990084.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

Wright, Oliver (23 December 2013). "Alan Turing gets his royal pardon for 'gross indecency' – 61 years after he poisoned himself". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
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jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Newman, M.H.A. (1955). "Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 253–263. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019. ISSN 0080-4606. JSTOR 769256. S2CID 711366.
Church 1936 Church, Alonzo (1936). "An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory". American Journal of Mathematics. 58 (2): 345–363. doi:10.2307/2371045. ISSN 0002-9327. JSTOR 2371045.
Murray, James D. (March 1988). "How the Leopard Gets Its Spots". Scientific American. 258 (3): 80–87. Bibcode:1988SciAm.258c..80M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0388-80. JSTOR 24989019.
Dawson Jr., John W. (December 1985). ""Review of Andrew Hodges. Alan Turing: the enigma"". Journal of Symbolic Logic. 50 (4): 1065–1067. doi:10.2307/2273992. JSTOR 2273992.

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In 1996, a copy was released to the National Archives and Records Administration.^[255] Then a copy was released to National Archives, Kew.^[256] Mahon's account is first-hand from October 1941. Also published as a book chapter (doi:10.1093/oso/9780198250791.003.0010), and a volume in a series.^[257]
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wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; English: 98^th place)

Alan Turing publications indexed by Google Scholar
Alan Turing (1950). "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". Mind. LIX (253): 433–460. doi:10.1093/mind/lix.236.433. ISSN 0026-4423. OCLC 8091504888. Wikidata Q772056.
Alan Turing (14 August 1952). "The chemical basis of morphogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 237 (641): 37–72. doi:10.1098/rstb.1952.0012. ISSN 0962-8436. Zbl 1403.92034. Wikidata Q769913.

winstonchurchill.org (Global: low place; English: 8,986^th place)

A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. Whilst it may be a defensible claim, both the Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have stated they know of no documentary evidence to support it, nor the date or context in which Churchill supposedly made it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see Schilling, Jonathan (8 January 2015). "Myths > Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory". International Churchill Society. The Churchill Centre. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015. and Hodges, Andrew. "Part 4: The Relay Race". Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015. A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See Spencer, Clare (11 September 2009). "Profile: Alan Turing". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2015. Update 13 February 2015 Official war historian Harry Hinsley estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by more than two years but added the caveat that this did not account for the use of the atomic bomb and other eventualities. Hinsley, Harry (1996) [1993]. The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War. Keith Lockstone's home page. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2024. Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University

wired.co.uk (Global: 3,046^th place; English: 2,125^th place)

Clark, Liat (18 June 2012). "Turing's achievements: codebreaking, AI and the birth of computer science". Wired. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
Clark, Liat. "Turing's achievements: codebreaking, AI and the birth of computer science". Wired. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Newman, M.H.A. (1955). "Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 253–263. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019. ISSN 0080-4606. JSTOR 769256. S2CID 711366.
Milinkovitch, Michel C.; Jahanbakhsh, Ebrahim; Zakany, Szabolcs (16 October 2023). "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Reaction Diffusion in Vertebrate Skin Color Patterning". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 39 (1): 145–174. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-024414. ISSN 1081-0706. PMID 37843926.
Cawthorne, Nigel (2014). Alan Turing : the enigma man. London: Arcturus Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-78404-535-7. OCLC 890938716.
Hofstadter, Douglas R. (1985). Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern. Basic Books. p. 484. ISBN 978-0-465-04566-2. OCLC 230812136.
Teuscher, Christof, ed. (2004). Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-20020-8. OCLC 53434737.
Church 1936 Church, Alonzo (1936). "An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory". American Journal of Mathematics. 58 (2): 345–363. doi:10.2307/2371045. ISSN 0002-9327. JSTOR 2371045.
Turing, Alan M.; Bayley, D. (2012). "Report on Speech Secrecy System DELILAH, a Technical Description Compiled by A. M. Turing and Lieutenant D. Bayley REME, 1945–1946". Cryptologia. 36 (4): 295–340. doi:10.1080/01611194.2012.713803. ISSN 0161-1194. S2CID 205488183. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
See Copeland 2004b, pp. 410–432 Copeland, B. Jack, ed. (2004b). The Essential Turing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-825079-1. OCLC 156728127.
Alan Turing (1950). "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". Mind. LIX (253): 433–460. doi:10.1093/mind/lix.236.433. ISSN 0026-4423. OCLC 8091504888. Wikidata Q772056.
Alan Turing (14 August 1952). "The chemical basis of morphogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 237 (641): 37–72. doi:10.1098/rstb.1952.0012. ISSN 0962-8436. Zbl 1403.92034. Wikidata Q769913.
Husbands, Phil; Holland, Owen (2008). "The Ratio Club: A Hub of British Cybernetics" (PDF). In Husbands, Phil; Wheeler, M.; Holland, Owen (eds.). The mechanical mind in history. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.]: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-08377-5. OCLC 181142511. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
Brown, Mark (24 July 2026). "Racy short story by Alan Turing offers glimpse of 'playful, funny, cheeky' side". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 August 2026.
Stewart, Ian (12 September 2017). Significant Figures: The Lives and Work of Great Mathematicians. New York: Basic Books. p. 254. ISBN 9780465096121. OCLC 1030547312.

zbmath.org (Global: 2,089^th place; English: 1,141^st place)

Alan Turing (14 August 1952). "The chemical basis of morphogenesis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 237 (641): 37–72. doi:10.1098/rstb.1952.0012. ISSN 0962-8436. Zbl 1403.92034. Wikidata Q769913.

Alan Turing (English Wikipedia)

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aps.org (Global: 1,264^th place; English: 951^st place)

archive-it.org (Global: 1,292^nd place; English: 869^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archives.gov (Global: 319^th place; English: 166^th place)

auckland.ac.nz (Global: 3,907^th place; English: 2,379^th place)

bankofengland.co.uk (Global: 3,707^th place; English: 1,947^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

bl.uk (Global: 1,181^st place; English: 639^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

chessgames.com (Global: 2,192^nd place; English: 2,062^nd place)

christies.com (Global: 2,594^th place; English: 1,829^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

direct.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,019^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867^th place; English: 1,129^th place)

english-heritage.org.uk (Global: 3,412^th place; English: 2,058^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

iwm.org.uk (Global: 3,105^th place; English: 1,682^nd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

leeds.ac.uk (Global: 5,175^th place; English: 3,336^th place)

legislation.gov.uk (Global: 728^th place; English: 375^th place)

manchestereveningnews.co.uk (Global: 859^th place; English: 462^nd place)

mathgenealogy.org (Global: 1,849^th place; English: 1,732^nd place)

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 718^th place; English: 414^th place)

nationalww2museum.org (Global: 9,597^th place; English: 6,234^th place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

ncl.ac.uk (Global: 5,403^rd place; English: 3,489^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

nybooks.com (Global: 2,009^th place; English: 1,223^rd place)

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

parliament.uk (Global: 313^th place; English: 181^st place)

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

pinknews.co.uk (Global: 2,906^th place; English: 1,862^nd place)

politics.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,785^th place)

popsci.com (Global: 4,048^th place; English: 2,846^th place)

princeton.edu (Global: 802^nd place; English: 528^th place)

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

royalsocietypublishing.org (Global: 1,880^th place; English: 2,810^th place)

scholar.google.com (Global: 1,418^th place; English: 768^th place)

scienceblogs.com (Global: low place; English: 9,132^nd place)

sciencenews.org (Global: 4,656^th place; English: 3,908^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

soton.ac.uk (Global: 6,784^th place; English: 4,198^th place)

spartacus-educational.com (Global: 4,241^st place; English: 3,572^nd place)

st-andrews.ac.uk (Global: 1,053^rd place; English: 1,274^th place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

sundaypost.com (Global: 8,183^rd place; English: 4,384^th place)

sussex.ac.uk (Global: 7,749^th place; English: 5,035^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

theconversation.com (Global: 840^th place; English: 594^th place)

thegazette.co.uk (Global: 151^st place; English: 84^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

umk.pl (Global: 4,718^th place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikidata.org (Global: 10^th place; English: 98^th place)

winstonchurchill.org (Global: low place; English: 8,986^th place)

wired.co.uk (Global: 3,046^th place; English: 2,125^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zbmath.org (Global: 2,089^th place; English: 1,141^st place)