Arabian Sea (English Wikipedia)

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"Arabian Sea". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 5 May 2026.
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cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Seland, Eivind Heldaas (November 2013). "Networks and social cohesion in ancient Indian Ocean trade: geography, ethnicity, religion". Journal of Global History. 8 (3): 373–390. doi:10.1017/S1740022813000338. hdl:1956/8894. ISSN 1740-0228.
Darley 2024, pp. 145–146 Darley, Rebecca (November 2024). "Indian Ocean Trade in the First Millennium c.e.: Taking the Romans out of Indo-Roman?". The Journal of Roman Studies. 114: 145–169. doi:10.1017/S0075435824000315. ISSN 0075-4358.
Darley 2024, p. 148 Darley, Rebecca (November 2024). "Indian Ocean Trade in the First Millennium c.e.: Taking the Romans out of Indo-Roman?". The Journal of Roman Studies. 114: 145–169. doi:10.1017/S0075435824000315. ISSN 0075-4358.

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Meyer, George. "The Historical Impact of Ships and Sea Commerce". Clemson Open Textbooks.

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Daggett, Adrianne (20 October 2016). "The Indian Ocean: A Maritime Trade Network History Nearly Forgot". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 22 May 2026.

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Bialik, Or M.; Frank, Martin; Betzler, Christian; Zammit, Ray; Waldmann, Nicolas D. (20 June 2019). "Two-step closure of the Miocene Indian Ocean Gateway to the Mediterranean". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 8842. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.8842B. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45308-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6586870. PMID 31222018.
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"Owen Fracture Zone: The Arabia-India plate boundary unveiled". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 302 (1–2). February 2011. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.027 – via ResearchGate.
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Meraj, Gowhar; Abouleish, Mohamed Yehia; Ali, Tarig; Hashimoto, Shizuka; Marazi, Asif; Chakrabortty, Rabin; Singh, Suraj Kumar; Kanga, Shruti; Almazroui, Mansour; Bhuyan, Md Simul (1 December 2025). "Middle Eastern mangroves at the arid limit (Red Sea and Arabian/Persian Gulf): eco-biophysical dynamics, blue-carbon MRV, climate-risk pathways, and governance for resilient restoration – a comprehensive review". Frontiers in Marine Science. 12 1695426. Bibcode:2025FrMaS..1295426M. doi:10.3389/fmars.2025.1695426. ISSN 2296-7745.
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Pratik, Kad; Parekh, Anant; Karmakar, Ananya; Chowdary, Jasti S.; Gnanaseelan, C. (1 April 2019). "Recent changes in the summer monsoon circulation and their impact on dynamics and thermodynamics of the Arabian Sea". Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 136 (1): 321–331. Bibcode:2019ThApC.136..321P. doi:10.1007/s00704-018-2493-6. ISSN 1434-4483. S2CID 126114281.
Roxy, M. K.; Gnanaseelan, C.; Parekh, Anant; Chowdary, Jasti S.; Singh, Shikha; Modi, Aditi; Kakatkar, Rashmi; Mohapatra, Sandeep; Dhara, Chirag; Shenoi, S. C.; Rajeevan, M. (2020). "Indian Ocean Warming". Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region: A Report of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India. Springer. pp. 191–206. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4327-2_10. ISBN 978-981-15-4327-2. S2CID 226643638.
Yin, Xungang; Huang, Boyin; Carton, James A.; Chen, Ligang; Graham, Garrett; Liu, Chunying; Smith, Thomas; Zhang, Huai-Min (16 December 2023). "The 1991–2020 sea surface temperature normals" (PDF). International Journal of Climatology. 44 (2): 668–685, at 682. doi:10.1002/joc.8350 – via NOAA Digital Repository.
Beal, L. M.; Hormann, V.; Lumpkin, R.; Foltz, G. R. (1 September 2013). "The Response of the Surface Circulation of the Arabian Sea to Monsoonal Forcing". Journal of Physical Oceanography. 43 (9): 2008–2022. Bibcode:2013JPO....43.2008B. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-13-033.1.
Lee, Craig M; Jones, Burton H; Brink, Kenneth H; Fischer, Albert S (1 January 2000). "The upper-ocean response to monsoonal forcing in the Arabian Sea: seasonal and spatial variability". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 47 (7): 1177–1226. Bibcode:2000DSRII..47.1177L. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00141-1. ISSN 0967-0645.
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Davidson, Lindsay; Kyne, Peter; et al. (October 2014). "Ghosts of the coast: Global extinction risk and conservation of sawfishes". Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 26 (1). doi:10.1002/aqc.2525.
Preen, Anthony (1 July 2004). "Distribution, abundance and conservation status of dugongs and dolphins in the southern and western Arabian Gulf". Biological Conservation. 118 (2): 205–218. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.08.014. ISSN 0006-3207.
Lüke, Claudia; Speth, Daan R.; Kox, Martine A. R.; Villanueva, Laura; Jetten, Mike S. M. (7 April 2016). "Metagenomic analysis of nitrogen and methane cycling in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone". PeerJ. 4 e1924. Bibcode:2016PeerJ...4e1924L. doi:10.7717/peerj.1924. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4830246. PMID 27077014.
Queste, Bastien Y.; Vic, Clément; Heywood, Karen J.; Piontkovski, Sergey A. (2018). "Physical Controls on Oxygen Distribution and Denitrification Potential in the North West Arabian Sea". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (9): 4143–4152. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.4143Q. doi:10.1029/2017GL076666. ISSN 1944-8007.
Hess, Anya V.; Auderset, Alexandra; Rosenthal, Yair; Sigman, Daniel M.; Martínez-García, Alfredo (16 January 2026). "Contrasting evolution of the Arabian Sea and Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zones during the Miocene". Communications Earth & Environment. 7 (1): 47. Bibcode:2026ComEE...7...47H. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-03112-4. ISSN 2662-4435. PMC 12811131. PMID 41552281.
Seland, Eivind Heldaas (November 2013). "Networks and social cohesion in ancient Indian Ocean trade: geography, ethnicity, religion". Journal of Global History. 8 (3): 373–390. doi:10.1017/S1740022813000338. hdl:1956/8894. ISSN 1740-0228.
Whitewright, Julian (2011). "The Potential Performance of Ancient Mediterranean Sailing Rigs". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 40 (1): 2–17. Bibcode:2011IJNAr..40....2W. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2010.00276.x. S2CID 111007423.
Whitewright, Julian (2012a). "Technological Continuity and Change: The Lateen Sail of the Medieval Mediterranean". Al-Masāq. 24 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1080/09503110.2012.655580. S2CID 161464823.
Darley 2024, pp. 145–146 Darley, Rebecca (November 2024). "Indian Ocean Trade in the First Millennium c.e.: Taking the Romans out of Indo-Roman?". The Journal of Roman Studies. 114: 145–169. doi:10.1017/S0075435824000315. ISSN 0075-4358.
Darley 2024, p. 148 Darley, Rebecca (November 2024). "Indian Ocean Trade in the First Millennium c.e.: Taking the Romans out of Indo-Roman?". The Journal of Roman Studies. 114: 145–169. doi:10.1017/S0075435824000315. ISSN 0075-4358.

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"China's 'involvement' in deep sea fishing angers fishermen". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 31 May 2026.

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"Amid regional conflict, the Strait of Hormuz remains critical oil chokepoint – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 7 May 2026.

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Sharma, Ritu (5 February 2025). "China's "Little Blue Men" Scout The Arabian Sea! Why Chinese Fishing Fleet Poses A Big Threat To Everyone?". EURASIAN TIMES. Retrieved 28 May 2026.

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openknowledge.fao.org

Dineshbabu, A.P. (2013). "The trawl fishery of the Eastern Arabian Sea". Food and Agricultural Organization.

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"TRAFFIC HANDLED AT MAJOR PORTS (LAST 7 YEARS)" (PDF). shipping.gov.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.^{[permanent dead link]}
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"How oil tankers stuck in the Strait of Hormuz south of Iran threatens the Gulf ecosystem". Greenpeace International. 12 March 2026. Retrieved 7 May 2026.

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"Welcome to Gwadar Port". gwadarport.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 9 February 2026. Retrieved 26 June 2026.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Seland, Eivind Heldaas (November 2013). "Networks and social cohesion in ancient Indian Ocean trade: geography, ethnicity, religion". Journal of Global History. 8 (3): 373–390. doi:10.1017/S1740022813000338. hdl:1956/8894. ISSN 1740-0228.

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chinaselectcommittee.house.gov

"Majority Staff Report: China's Global Fishing Offensive | China in our Backyard: Volume I" (PDF). House Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party (chinaselectcommittee.house.gov). House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Transportation and Maritime Security. January 2026. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2026. Retrieved 28 May 2026.

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"Maritime Trade". Ancient Arabia: Archaeology & History of Pre-islamic Arabia | Huma Num. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
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"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. pp. 20–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2020.

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"Ancient Era, 5000 to 1000 BCE: Early Seafaring and Trade" (PDF). indianoceanhistory.org. Retrieved 4 May 2026.

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Kyne, Peter (Charles Darwin University, Australia / IUCN SSC Shark RLA Coordinator); Jabado, Rima (Elasmo Project) (3 December 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Glaucostegus halavi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 6 January 2026. Retrieved 29 May 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Colin Simpfendorfer (James Cook University); Cassandra Rigby (James Cook University, Queensland, Australia); Dicken, M.; Nathan Pacoureau (LEMAR – European Institute for Marine Studies, France); (NOAA), John Carlson; Danielle Derrick (Simon Fraser University) (7 December 2020). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Carcharias taurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 6 January 2026. Retrieved 30 May 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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"Marine Mammals of the Arabian Seas". International Whaling Commission. 3 July 2026. Retrieved 3 July 2026.

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Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020, p. 2 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.
Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020, pp. 1–2 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.
Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020, p. 3 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.
Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020, p. 1 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.
Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.
Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020, pp. 4–6 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.
Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020, p. 7 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.
Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020, p. 6 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.
Heileman, Eghtesadi-Aradi & Mistafa 2020, p. 4 Heileman, S.; Eghtesadi-Aradi, P.; Mistafa, N. (2020), VI-9 Arabian Sea: LME Brief #32, University of Rhode Island – via International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (iwlearn.net). Uploaded December 2020.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Campbell, I. C. (1995). "The Lateen Sail in World History". Journal of World History. 6 (1): 1–23. ISSN 1045-6007. JSTOR 20078617.
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"The Bantu Migration | World Civilization". Lumen Learning. Retrieved 22 May 2026.

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"Powerful rain and floods devastate northern India as experts blame climate change". NBC News. 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 May 2026.

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bialik, Or M.; Frank, Martin; Betzler, Christian; Zammit, Ray; Waldmann, Nicolas D. (20 June 2019). "Two-step closure of the Miocene Indian Ocean Gateway to the Mediterranean". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 8842. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.8842B. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45308-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6586870. PMID 31222018.
Roxy, Mathew Koll; Ritika, Kapoor; Terray, Pascal; Murtugudde, Raghu; Ashok, Karumuri; Goswami, B. N. (16 June 2015). "Drying of Indian subcontinent by rapid Indian Ocean warming and a weakening land-sea thermal gradient". Nature Communications. 6 (1): 7423. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7423R. doi:10.1038/ncomms8423. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 26077934. S2CID 7061499.
Lüke, Claudia; Speth, Daan R.; Kox, Martine A. R.; Villanueva, Laura; Jetten, Mike S. M. (7 April 2016). "Metagenomic analysis of nitrogen and methane cycling in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone". PeerJ. 4 e1924. Bibcode:2016PeerJ...4e1924L. doi:10.7717/peerj.1924. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4830246. PMID 27077014.
Hess, Anya V.; Auderset, Alexandra; Rosenthal, Yair; Sigman, Daniel M.; Martínez-García, Alfredo (16 January 2026). "Contrasting evolution of the Arabian Sea and Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zones during the Miocene". Communications Earth & Environment. 7 (1): 47. Bibcode:2026ComEE...7...47H. doi:10.1038/s43247-025-03112-4. ISSN 2662-4435. PMC 12811131. PMID 41552281.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bialik, Or M.; Frank, Martin; Betzler, Christian; Zammit, Ray; Waldmann, Nicolas D. (20 June 2019). "Two-step closure of the Miocene Indian Ocean Gateway to the Mediterranean". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 8842. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.8842B. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45308-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6586870. PMID 31222018.
Lüke, Claudia; Speth, Daan R.; Kox, Martine A. R.; Villanueva, Laura; Jetten, Mike S. M. (7 April 2016). "Metagenomic analysis of nitrogen and methane cycling in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone". PeerJ. 4 e1924. Bibcode:2016PeerJ...4e1924L. doi:10.7717/peerj.1924. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4830246. PMID 27077014.
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Bialik, Or M.; Frank, Martin; Betzler, Christian; Zammit, Ray; Waldmann, Nicolas D. (20 June 2019). "Two-step closure of the Miocene Indian Ocean Gateway to the Mediterranean". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 8842. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.8842B. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45308-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6586870. PMID 31222018.
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columbia.edu (Global: 554th place; English: 368th place)

afe.easia.columbia.edu

dawn.com (Global: 315th place; English: 155th place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982nd place; English: 2,975th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dw.com (Global: 205th place; English: 320th place)

ead.gov.ae (Global: low place; English: low place)

ebsco.com (Global: 3,424th place; English: 2,154th place)

eia.gov (Global: 2,641st place; English: 1,841st place)

eurasiantimes.com (Global: low place; English: 7,444th place)

fao.org (Global: 428th place; English: 480th place)

openknowledge.fao.org

geofan.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

greenpeace.org (Global: 4,678th place; English: 4,764th place)

gwadarport.gov.pk (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

house.gov (Global: 501st place; English: 234th place)

chinaselectcommittee.house.gov

huma-num.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

ancientarabia.huma-num.fr

iea.org (Global: 3,027th place; English: 2,709th place)

iho.int (Global: 6,208th place; English: 9,290th place)

indianoceanhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 31st place; English: 19th place)

economictimes.indiatimes.com

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320th place; English: 308th place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39th place; English: 71st place)

iwc.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

wwhandbook.iwc.int

iwlearn.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

kuehne-nagel.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mykn.kuehne-nagel.com

lumenlearning.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

courses.lumenlearning.com

marinemammalhabitat.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

marineregions.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

maritime-executive.com (Global: 6,000th place; English: 3,670th place)

mecouncil.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

metmuseum.org (Global: 854th place; English: 646th place)

miamiherald.com (Global: 920th place; English: 511th place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 156th place; English: 101st place)

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041st place; English: 901st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nio.res.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

drs.nio.res.in

noaa.gov (Global: 111th place; English: 78th place)

ngdc.noaa.gov

fisheries.noaa.gov

ncei.noaa.gov

repository.library.noaa.gov

oerproject.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

aaj.tv (Global: low place; English: 8,428^th place)

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ametsoc.org (Global: 4,084^th place; English: 3,491^st place)

arabnews.com (Global: 1,427^th place; English: 906^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bp.com (Global: 6,164^th place; English: 7,201^st place)

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

clemson.edu (Global: 6,422^nd place; English: 3,771^st place)

columbia.edu (Global: 554^th place; English: 368^th place)

dawn.com (Global: 315^th place; English: 155^th place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982^nd place; English: 2,975^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

ebsco.com (Global: 3,424^th place; English: 2,154^th place)

eia.gov (Global: 2,641^st place; English: 1,841^st place)

eurasiantimes.com (Global: low place; English: 7,444^th place)

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

greenpeace.org (Global: 4,678^th place; English: 4,764^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

house.gov (Global: 501^st place; English: 234^th place)

iea.org (Global: 3,027^th place; English: 2,709^th place)

iho.int (Global: 6,208^th place; English: 9,290^th place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 19^th place)

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

maritime-executive.com (Global: 6,000^th place; English: 3,670^th place)

metmuseum.org (Global: 854^th place; English: 646^th place)

miamiherald.com (Global: 920^th place; English: 511^th place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 901^st place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

penn.museum (Global: low place; English: 7,892^nd place)

pressbooks.pub (Global: low place; English: 7,547^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

un.org (Global: 117^th place; English: 160^th place)

unctad.org (Global: 7,424^th place; English: 5,929^th place)

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 170^th place)

utexas.edu (Global: 868^th place; English: 634^th place)

uwa.edu.au (Global: 5,877^th place; English: 3,780^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

whoi.edu (Global: low place; English: 8,112^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

worldhistory.org (Global: 2,330^th place; English: 1,976^th place)