Caste system in India (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Caste system in India" in English language version.

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"'I would tell the other girls at school that I was Brahmin': The struggle to challenge India's caste system". ABC News. 27 June 2022.

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Edachira, Manju (2020). "Anti-caste Aesthetics and Dalit Interventions in Indian Cinema". Economic and Political Weekly. 55 (38): 47–53 – via academia.edu.

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"The Scheduled Castes in the Sikh Community – A Historical Perspective". apnaorg.com.

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Doniger, Wendy (1999). Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.
Fowler, Hinduism (1997), pp. 19–20. Fowler, Jeaneane (1997), Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1-898723-60-8
Fowler, Hinduism (1997), p. 23. Fowler, Jeaneane (1997), Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1-898723-60-8
Fowler, Hinduism (1997), pp. 23–24. Fowler, Jeaneane (1997), Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1-898723-60-8
Eaton, Richard (1993). The rise of Islam and the Bengal frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 117–122. ISBN 978-0-520-08077-5.
Eaton, Richard (1993). The rise of Islam and the Bengal frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-520-08077-5.
Eaton, Richard (1993). The rise of Islam and the Bengal frontier, 1204–1760. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 102–103, 224–226. ISBN 978-0-520-08077-5.
Cannadine, David (2002). Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515794-9.
Bayly, Christopher A. (1973). "Patrons and Politics in Northern India". In Gallagher, John; Johnson, Gordon; Seal, Anil (eds.). Locality, Province and Nation: Essays on Indian Politics 1870 to 1940 (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-52109-811-3.
Yang, A. (1985). Crime and criminality in British India. US: University of Arizona Press. pp. 112–127. ISBN 978-0-8165-0951-5.
Barth, Fredrik (1995). Political Leadership among Swat Pathans. London School of Economics/Berg. pp. 16–21. ISBN 978-0-485-19619-1.

archive.today

Gupta, Trisha (20 September 2008). "Visual history tells us about repressed histories". Tehelka. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012.

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Roy, Debayan (3 October 2024). "Supreme Court strikes down rules enabling caste discrimination in prisons". Bar and Bench. Retrieved 3 October 2024.

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"What is India's caste system?". BBC News. 19 June 2019.
"What is India's caste system?". BBC News. 25 February 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2017. Independent India's constitution banned discrimination on the basis of caste, and, in an attempt to correct historical injustices and provide a level playing field to the traditionally disadvantaged, the authorities announced quotas in government jobs and educational institutions for scheduled castes and tribes, the lowest in the caste hierarchy, in 1950.

books.google.com

Dirks, Scandal of Empire (2006, p. 27): "The institution of caste, for example, a social formation that has been seen as not only basic to India but part of its ancient constitution, was fundamentally transformed by British colonial rule." Dirks, Nicholas B. (2006), The Scandal of Empire: India and the creation of imperial Britain, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-03426-6
Bayly (2001), pp. 25–27, 392. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
St. John (2012), p. 103. St. John, Ian (2012), The Making of the Raj: India Under the East India Company, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-84645-014-3
Sathaye (2015), p. 214. Sathaye, Adheesh A. (17 April 2015), Crossing the Lines of Caste: Visvamitra and the Construction of Brahmin Power in Hindu Mythology, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-027312-5
Bayly (2001), p. 9. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), p. 392. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), pp. 26–27:What happened in the initial phase of this two-stage sequence was the rise of the royal man of prowess. In this period, both kings and the priests and ascetics with whom men of power were able to associate their rule became a growing focus for the affirmation of a martial and regal form of caste ideal. (...) The other key feature of this period was the reshaping of many apparently casteless forms of devotional faith in a direction which further affirmed these differentiations of rank and community. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Dirks (2001b), pp. 215–229. Dirks, Nicholas B. (2001b), "Discriminating Difference: The Postcolonial Politics of Caste in India", in Burguière, André; Grew, Raymond (eds.), The Construction of Minorities: Cases for Comparison Across Time and Around the World, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-06737-4
LeVine, Sarah (2009). Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal. Harvard University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-674-02554-7.
Cohen (2001), p. 21. Cohen, Stephen P. (2001), India: Emerging Power, Brookings Institution Press, ISBN 978-0-8157-9839-2
Omvedt, Gail (2014). Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste. Sage Classics. p. 252. ISBN 978-81-321-1028-6.
Geoffrey Robinson (1995). The Dark Side of Paradise: Political Violence in Bali. Cornell University Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-8014-8172-4.
Samuel, Origins of Yoga and Tantra (2008), pp. 87–88. Samuel, Geoffrey (2008), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-139-47021-6
Bayly (2001), p. 10. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Samuel, Origins of Yoga and Tantra (2008), p. 87. Samuel, Geoffrey (2008), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-139-47021-6
Corbridge, Harriss & Jeffrey (2013), p. 239. Corbridge, Stuart; Harriss, John; Jeffrey, Craig (2013), India Today: Economy, Politics and Society, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-7456-6535-1
Ghurye (1969), pp. 1–2. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 2–22. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 2–5. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 6–7. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 7–10. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 10–15. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 11–12. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 15–16. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 16–17. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 18–19. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), p. 22. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 136–139. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 117–125. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Ghurye (1969), pp. 278–279, this is pp. 158–159 in the 1932 edition of Ghurye. Ghurye, G. S. (1969) [first published 1932], Caste and Race in India (Fifth ed.), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-7154-205-5
Chapman, Religious vs. Regional Determinism (1993), pp. 10–14. Chapman, Graham (1993), "Religious vs. Regional Determinism India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as Inheritors of Empire", in Arnold, David; Robb, Peter (eds.), Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader, Curzon Press, ISBN 978-0-7007-0284-8
Inden (2001), p. 59. Inden, Ronald (2001), Imagining India, Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-21358-7
Sharma (2000), p. 132. Sharma, Arvind (2000), Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-564441-8
Bayly (2001), pp. 19–24. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), pp. 38–43. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), pp. 5–7. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Samuel, Origins of Yoga and Tantra (2008), pp. 83–89. Samuel, Geoffrey (2008), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-139-47021-6
Samuel, Origins of Yoga and Tantra (2008), pp. 86–87. Samuel, Geoffrey (2008), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-139-47021-6
Bayly (2001), p. 8. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Thapar (2004), p. 63. Thapar, Romila (2004), Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-24225-8
Bayly (2001), p. 29. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), pp. 263–264. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Dumont, Homo Hierarchicus (1980), pp. 66, 68, 73, 193. Dumont, Louis (1980) [1966], Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications (Reprint, revised ed.), University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-16963-7
Sharma (1958), p. 18. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), pp. 22–23. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), pp. 27–28. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), pp. 29–31. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), p. 40. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), p. 44. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), pp. 46–47. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), p. 48. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), p. 58. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Sharma (1958), pp. 59–60. Sharma, R. S. (1958), Śūdras in Ancient India, Delhi: Motilal Banarasi Dass (published 1990), ISBN 978-81-208-0706-8
Chakravarti (2003), pp. 47, 49. Chakravarti, Uma (2003), Gendering Caste Through a Feminist Lens, Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-85604-54-1
Chakravarti (2003), pp. 45–46. Chakravarti, Uma (2003), Gendering Caste Through a Feminist Lens, Popular Prakashan, ISBN 978-81-85604-54-1
Talbot, Precolonial India (2001), pp. 50–51. Talbot, Cynthia (2001), Precolonial India in practice society, region, and identity in medieval Andhra, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-513661-6
Bayly (2001), pp. 3–4. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), pp. 25–28. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), pp. 29–30. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), p. 30. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), pp. 30–31. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), p. 31. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), p. 27. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
St. John (2012), p. 103 St. John, Ian (2012), The Making of the Raj: India Under the East India Company, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-84645-014-3
Bayly (2001), pp. 125–126. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Bayly (2001), pp. 125–127. Bayly, Susan (2001), Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-26434-1
Ghuman, Paul (2013). British Untouchables: A Study of Dalit Identity and Education. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4094-9431-7.
Jha, Pravin Kumar (2012). Indian Politics in Comparative Perspective. Pearson Education India. p. 102. ISBN 978-81-317-9887-4.
JT (2014). Origin of Caste in India. Partridge Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4828-1914-4.
Malešević, Siniša; Haugaard, Mark (2007). Ernest Gellner and Contemporary Social Thought. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-521-88291-0.
Jassal, Smita Tewari; École pratique des hautes études (France). Section des sciences économiques et sociales; University of Oxford. Institute of Social Anthropology (2001). "Caste in the Colonial State: Mallahs in the census". Contributions to Indian sociology. Mouton. pp. 319–351. Quote: "The movement, which had a wide interregional spread, attempted to submerge regional names such as Goala, Ahir, Ahar, Gopa, etc., in favour of the generic term Yadava (Rao 1979). Hence a number of pastoralist castes were subsumed under Yadava, in accordance with decisions taken by the regional and national level caste sabhas. The Yadavas became the first among the shudras to gain the right to wear the janeu, a case of successful sanskritisation which continues till date. As a prominent agriculturist caste in the region, despite belonging to the shudra varna, the Yadavas claimed Kshatriya status tracing descent from the Yadu dynasty. The caste's efforts matched those of census officials, for whom standardisation of overlapping names was a matter of policy. The success of the Yadava movement also lies in the fact that, among the jaati sabhas, the Yadava sabha was probably the strongest, its journal, Ahir Samachar, having an all-India spread. These factors strengthened local efforts, such as in Bhojpur, where the Yadavas, locally known as Ahirs, refused to do begar, or forced labour, for the landlords and simultaneously prohibited liquor consumption, child marriages, and so on."
Mandelbaum, David Goodman (1970). Society in India. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 443. ISBN 978-0-520-01623-1.
Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India. Columbia University Press. pp. 210–211. ISBN 978-0-231-12786-8. Quote: "In his typology of low caste movements, (M. S. A.) Rao distinguishes five categories. The first is characterised by 'withdrawal and self-organisation'. ... The second one, illustrated by the Yadavs, is based on the claim of 'higher varna status' and fits with Sanskritisation pattern. ..."
Leshnik, Lawrence S.; Sontheimer, Günther-Dietz (1975). Pastoralists and nomads in South Asia. O. Harrassowitz. p. 218. ISBN 9783447015523. Quote: "The Ahir and allied cowherd castes (whether actually pastoralists or cultivators, as in the Punjab) have recently organized a pan-Indian caste association with political as well as social reformist goals using the epic designation of Yadava (or Jadava) Vanshi Kshatriya, ie the warrior caste descending from the Yadava lineage of the Mahabharata fame."
Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 196. ISBN 978-1-85065-670-8.
Singh, J. (2020). Caste, State and Society: Degrees of Democracy in North India. Taylor & Francis. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-000-19606-1. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India. London: C. Hurst & Co. p. 197,199. ISBN 978-1-85065-670-8.
Vijayan, P.K. (2019). Gender and Hindu Nationalism: Understanding Masculine Hegemony. Routledge Studies in South Asian Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-317-23576-7.
Lynch, O.M. (1969). The Politics of Untouchability: Social Mobility and Social Change in a City of India. Columbia University Press. pp. 68–74. ISBN 978-0-231-03230-8. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
Bayly, Christopher A. (1973). "Patrons and Politics in Northern India". In Gallagher, John; Johnson, Gordon; Seal, Anil (eds.). Locality, Province and Nation: Essays on Indian Politics 1870 to 1940 (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-52109-811-3.
Chaturvedi, Vinayak (2007). Peasant pasts history and memory in western India. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 122–126. ISBN 978-0-520-25076-5. In 1911, the entire Dharala [a Rajput caste] population of nearly 250,000 individuals in Kheda district was declared a criminal tribe under Act IIII of 1911, the Criminal Tribes Act.
Dirks, Scandal of Empire (2006), p. 27. Dirks, Nicholas B. (2006), The Scandal of Empire: India and the creation of imperial Britain, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-03426-6
Sharma, Mahesh Dutt (27 May 2017). Motivating Thoughts of Ambedkar. Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 978-93-5186-937-5.
Barth, Fredrik (1971). Leach, E. R. (ed.). Aspects of Caste in South India, Ceylon, and North-West Pakistan. Cambridge University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-521-09664-5.
Chaudhary (2013), p. 149. Chaudhary, Nandita; Anandalakshmy, S.; Valsiner, Jaan (2013), Cultural Realities of Being: Abstract Ideas Within Everyday Lives, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-74349-0
Chaudhary (2013), pp. 149–150. Chaudhary, Nandita; Anandalakshmy, S.; Valsiner, Jaan (2013), Cultural Realities of Being: Abstract Ideas Within Everyday Lives, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-74349-0
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