Changsha (English Wikipedia)

广铁集团公司关于长株潭城际铁路开通运营的公告 (in Simplified Chinese). 12306.cn. 25 December 2016. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2016.

arcgis.com

experience.arcgis.com

CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020) (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 April 2023.

archaeology.org

archive.archaeology.org

"A Selection of Artifacts from Mawangdui – Photo Gallery – Archaeology Magazine Archive". archive.archaeology.org. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.

archive.org

Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Making of Modern China. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 158. ISBN 9780674033382.

asianscientist.com

"The Race To Exascale". Asian Scientist Magazine. 19 July 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.

books.google.com

William T. Rowe. China's Last Empire: The Great Qing. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, History of Imperial China, 2009; ISBN 9780674036123), p. 162-163 Archived 3 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine
Duxiu Chen; Gregor Benton (1998). Gregor Benton (ed.). Chen Duxiu's last articles and letters, 1937–1942 (illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 45. ISBN 0824821122. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2016. 24. Xi'an never fell. Under the Guonaindang General Xue Yue, Changsha was successfully defended three times against the Japanese; Changsha (and the vital Guangzhou-Hankou Railway) did not fall to the Japanese until early 1945.

businessinsider.sg

"The 17 tallest buildings in the world right now, ranked, Business Insider - Business Insider Singapore". www.businessinsider.sg. Retrieved 9 May 2020.^{[permanent dead link]}

cathaypacific.com

discovery.cathaypacific.com

"Changsha, a Hub for China's Creative Industries". Discovery. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2021.

changsha.cn

news.changsha.cn

长沙地铁1号线一期工程可研报告获批 2015年全面竣工 (in Chinese). Changsha News Online (长沙新闻网). 26 October 2010. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2014.

changsha.gov.cn

Municipal Local Records Editorial Office. "Changsha City Profile" Archived 13 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine Official website of Changsha, China. 13 April 2021.
"Environmental Resources in Changsha". www.changsha.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
"友好城市". changsha.gov.cn (in Chinese). Changsha. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.

en.changsha.gov.cn

Changsha to Construct Maglev Train Archived 16 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, 2014-01-09
"Official website of Changsha, China". en.changsha.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
"International Sister Cities of Changsha". Official website of Changsha, China. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2020.

tjj.changsha.gov.cn

长沙统计年鉴2017 (in Chinese (China)). Government of Changsha. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2019. Section 1-1, "自然环境" (Natural environment)

china-briefing.com

"Decoding China's 2021 GDP Growth Rate: A Look at Regional Numbers". China Briefing News. 7 February 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

china-zjj.net

sina.com (2013-5-8) Archived 19 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine china-zjj Archived 20 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine

china.com.cn

"Hunan cuisine". www.china.com.cn. Archived from the original on 16 November 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2019.

china.org.cn

"Illuminating China's Provinces,Municipalities & Autonomous Regions-Hunan". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 19 June 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
"Changsha appears on Global Cities lists- China.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

chinadaily.com.cn

"15 new Chinese first-tier cities". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
"Two more cities join China's trillion yuan GDP club in 2017 - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"Top 10 new first-tier cities by commercial appeal". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"Top 10 cities in China by nighttime economic power". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
"Top 10 Chinese destinations for summer vacations". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"Top 10 most popular destinations during Dragon Boat Festival". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"Hunan starts building supercomputing center". www.chinadaily.com.cn. 28 November 2010. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
"Top 10 China's innovation-oriented cities in 2020". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
"Top 10 most attractive cities for talent in 2020". www.chinadaily.com.cn. 14 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
于小明. "Top 10 Chinese cities with strong education". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
"Changsha named UNESCO Creative City". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

global.chinadaily.com.cn

"Per capita GDP in 14 Chinese cities hits $20,000 in 2020". global.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

chinaeducenter.com

www.chinaeducenter.com. "Changsha City Guide – China Education Center". www.chinaeducenter.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
"Project 211 and 985 - China Education Center". www.chinaeducenter.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2022.

citypopulation.de

"Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps". Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
"Húnán (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics 2020". www.citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.

cma.cn

data.cma.cn

"Index" 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data. China Meteorological Administration. August 2010. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2018.

cma.gov.cn

old-cdc.cma.gov.cn

"China Meteorological Administration". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.

cnr.cn

news.cnr.cn

"[The Rise of Central China is Gaining Momentum - Hunan Chapter-Changsha: Endless Innovation to Create a New High Ground for Business Environment]" Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine CNR News. 23 Sep 2020.

cri.cn

chinaplus.cri.cn

"13 cities in China join the 1 trillion yuan GDP club in 2017". chinaplus.cri.cn. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

crrczelc-europe.com

"Medium-Low Speed Maglev in Changsha" Archived 12 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine CRRC ZELC EUROPE.

ctext.org

Yi Zhou Shu·Wang Hui Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine:"长沙鳖，其西，鱼复鼓钟钟牛"

cwur.org

"World University Rankings 2023 | Global 2000 List | CWUR". cwur.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.

doi.org

(:Unas) (27 September 2023). World Intellectual Property Organization (ed.). World Intellectual Property Report 2023: The Direction of Innovation (PDF). World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR) (16th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 250. doi:10.34667/tind.48220. ISBN 978-92-805-3321-7. Retrieved 28 September 2023.

ecns.cn

"17 Chinese cities have a population of over 10 million in 2021". www.ecns.cn. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.

eiu.com

"Supersized cities: China's 13 megalopolises". Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2012.

enghunan.gov.cn

"Changsha City". Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
"Changsha Named "China's Leading Smart City 2022"". www.enghunan.gov.cn. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
"Changsha City". enghunan.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
"Changsha Ranks 68th Worldwide in Urban Economic Competitiveness-Hunan Government Website International-enghunan.gov.cn". enghunan.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
"Consulate General of the Republic of Malawi in Changsha Opens-Hunan Government Website International-enghunan.gov.cn". www.enghunan.gov.cn. Retrieved 2 July 2023.

fmprc.gov.cn

"Hunan: Building an pioneering zone for in-depth China-Africa economic and trade cooperation" Archived 7 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. 19 January 2021.

ghostarchive.org

Edwards, Rhiannon (4 February 2016). "China's fastest-growing cities and why you should visit them". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

gov.cn

"State Council on the issuance of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" modern comprehensive transport system development plan" Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine State Council, State Development [2017] No. 11

hainanairlines.com

"???ALLP.list.sharingTitle.FLMP???". Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.

hncsmtr.com

线路图 [Official Map]. hncsmtr.com (in Chinese). Changsha Metro Group Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.

hnjcjt.com

csa.hnjcjt.com

湖南省机场管理集团有限公司,贵宾服务 (in Simplified Chinese). Hunan Airport Management Group Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.

hnmuseum.com

"Hunan Provincial Museum". www.hnmuseum.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
马王堆汉墓陈列全景数字展厅--湖南省博物馆. www.hnmuseum.com (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2017.

hntj.gov.cn

湖南人口信息服务网 – 人口普查资料. Hunan Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2017.

hnu.cn

dm.hnu.cn

Yeulu Academy, Changsha Archived 16 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Dm.hnu.cn. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.

hunan.gov.cn

tjj.hunan.gov.cn

"2022年湖南省各市州地区生产总值（三季度".
"Study on industrial restructuring and upgrading in Changsha" Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine Bureau of Statistics of Changsha. 16 Oct. 2017.

ydyl.hunan.gov.cn

""Hunan One Belt, One Road Official Website"". Archived from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.

hurun.net

"胡润百富 - 资讯 - 2022家大业大酒·胡润全球富豪榜". www.hurun.net. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
"Hurun Global Rich List 2022". www.hurun.net. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.

ifeng.com

finance.ifeng.com

"Central China's First State-Level New Area Xiangjiang New District Officially Launched" Archived 31 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Ifeng Finance. 24 May 2015.

news.ifeng.com

"长沙竞争力进全球"十快"居首_资讯频道_凤凰网". news.ifeng.com. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Daniel McMahon, "The Yuelu Academy and Hunan's Nineteenth-Century Turn toward Statecraft", Late Imperial China 26.1 (2005): 72–109 Project MUSE Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.

jstor.org

Murck, Alfreda (1996). "The "Eight Views of Xiao-Xiang" and the Northern Song Culture of Exile". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies (26): 113–144. ISSN 1059-3152. JSTOR 23496050. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.

lboro.ac.uk

"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2018". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

leidenranking.com

Studies (CWTS), Centre for Science and Technology. "CWTS Leiden Ranking". CWTS Leiden Ranking. Archived from the original on 2 February 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2023.

letz.gov.cn

About Liuyang ETZ: letz.gov.cn Archived 24 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine

lexico.com

"Changsha". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021.

liuyang.gov.cn

浏阳经开区2016年经济工作报告 [Development Report of LETZ in 2016]. Liuyang People's Government. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017.

min.news

"In 2021, the GDP of each city and state in Hunan will exceed US$20,000 per capita in Changsha". Retrieved 15 June 2022.

moe.gov.cn

hudong.moe.gov.cn

"全国普通高等学校名单 (National List of Higher Education Institutions)". Government Portal Website of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. 15 June 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.

mot.gov.cn

"2020 Civil Airports Statistics Report". Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.

nature.com

"Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. 21 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
"Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
"2023 tables: Institutions - academic | Annual tables | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.

natureindex.com

"Nature Index 2018 Science Cities | Nature Index Supplements | Nature Index". www.natureindex.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.

ndrc.gov.cn

cjjjd.ndrc.gov.cn

"Strategy Basics - Yangtze River Economic Belt" Archived 13 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. 13 July 2019.

nikkei.com

asia.nikkei.com

"China's cities to rise to the top ranks by 2035". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.

nytimes.com

Bradsher, Keith (24 September 2013). "Speedy Trains Transform China". New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.

pbs.org

"IMPOSSIBLE BUILDS: Episode 5 Preview | Ice World". PBS. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

people.com.cn

finance.people.com.cn

Zhang Huaizhong. "Changsha's GDP grows 460% in 10 years, leading the country in growth" Archived 23 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine People's Daily Online Finance. 22 August 2016.

railjournal.com

"Changsha airport maglev line openes". Railway Gazette. 4 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.

railwaygazette.com

"Changsha metro opens". railwaygazette.com. 29 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
"Metro projects underway in Changsha, Xi'an, Wuhan and Xiamen". railwaygazette.com. 13 July 2011. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.

rightsite.asia

Changsha National Economic and Technology Development Zone Archived 26 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. RightSite.asia. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.

seasia.co

"World's Richest Cities in 2030, and Where Southeast Asian Cities Stand | Seasia.co". Good News from Southeast Asia. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.

shanghairanking.com

"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
"ShanghaiRanking's Best Chinese Universities Ranking". www.shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

sina.com.cn

hunan.sina.com.cn

sina.com (2013-5-8) Archived 19 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine china-zjj Archived 20 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine

skyscrapercenter.com

"Changsha - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
"Changsha - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

soccerway.com

int.soccerway.com

"Hunan Xiangtao FC". soccerway.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2011.

stats.gov.cn

中华人民共和国国家统计局. www.stats.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2017.

stpaul.gov

Phalen Regional Park China Garden Archived 13 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine

telegraph.co.uk

Edwards, Rhiannon (4 February 2016). "China's fastest-growing cities and why you should visit them". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

tvtv.hk

"TV ratings rankings 2009-2017 Hunan TV No. 1 for the ninth consecutive year" Archived 1 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine tvtv.hk. 14 January 2018.

twincities.com

St. Paul Chinese garden getting pavilion gift from sister city Archived 21 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine

uchicago.edu

penelope.uchicago.edu

Star Name – R.H. Allen p.182 Archived 3 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.

undp.org

hdr.undp.org

"National Human Development Report 2019: China". 12 October 2020.
"National Human Development Report 2019: China | Human Development Reports". www.hdr.undp.org. January 2019. Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.

unesco.org

en.unesco.org

"Changsha | Creative Cities Network". en.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
"Changsha | Creative Cities Network". en.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

urapcenter.org

"URAP - University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance". urapcenter.org. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

usc.edu

china.usc.edu

"The Fate of a Novel Amid China's Reform". University of California Los Angeles. Archived from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.

usnews.com

"US News Best Global Universities Rankings in Changsha". U.S. News & World Report. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
"US News Best Global Universities Rankings: Hunan University of Chinese Medicine". U.S. News & World Report. 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2022.

web.archive.org

"Changsha City". Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
"Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps". Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
"Changsha". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021.
"Illuminating China's Provinces,Municipalities & Autonomous Regions-Hunan". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 19 June 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
"17 Chinese cities have a population of over 10 million in 2021". www.ecns.cn. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
"Supersized cities: China's 13 megalopolises". Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
"State Council on the issuance of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" modern comprehensive transport system development plan" Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine State Council, State Development [2017] No. 11
"Húnán (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics 2020". www.citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
Yi Zhou Shu·Wang Hui Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine:"长沙鳖，其西，鱼复鼓钟钟牛"
"Strategy Basics - Yangtze River Economic Belt" Archived 13 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine Office of the Leading Group for Promoting the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. 13 July 2019.
""Hunan One Belt, One Road Official Website"". Archived from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
"Ranking of Chinese Cities' Business Attractiveness 2022". www.yicaiglobal.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
"15 new Chinese first-tier cities". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
"Hunan: Building an pioneering zone for in-depth China-Africa economic and trade cooperation" Archived 7 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. 19 January 2021.
"Study on industrial restructuring and upgrading in Changsha" Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine Bureau of Statistics of Changsha. 16 Oct. 2017.
"Changsha: "Capital of Construction Machinery" explores world coordinates" Archived 13 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Xinhuanet. 20 May 2019.
Zhang Huaizhong. "Changsha's GDP grows 460% in 10 years, leading the country in growth" Archived 23 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine People's Daily Online Finance. 22 August 2016.
"Central China's First State-Level New Area Xiangjiang New District Officially Launched" Archived 31 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Ifeng Finance. 24 May 2015.
"[The Rise of Central China is Gaining Momentum - Hunan Chapter-Changsha: Endless Innovation to Create a New High Ground for Business Environment]" Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine CNR News. 23 Sep 2020.
"National Human Development Report 2019: China | Human Development Reports". www.hdr.undp.org. January 2019. Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
"Competitive Cities: Changsha, China – coordination, competition, construction and cars". blogs.worldbank.org. 23 February 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
"US News Best Global Universities Rankings in Changsha". U.S. News & World Report. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
"Nature Index 2018 Science Cities | Nature Index Supplements | Nature Index". www.natureindex.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
Municipal Local Records Editorial Office. "Changsha City Profile" Archived 13 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine Official website of Changsha, China. 13 April 2021.
"Medium-Low Speed Maglev in Changsha" Archived 12 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine CRRC ZELC EUROPE.
"Changsha | Creative Cities Network". en.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
"TV ratings rankings 2009-2017 Hunan TV No. 1 for the ninth consecutive year" Archived 1 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine tvtv.hk. 14 January 2018.
"2020 "TV Landmark" and "Voice of the Times" List Released" Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine Xinhuanet. 7 December 2017.
www.chinaeducenter.com. "Changsha City Guide – China Education Center". www.chinaeducenter.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
Murck, Alfreda (1996). "The "Eight Views of Xiao-Xiang" and the Northern Song Culture of Exile". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies (26): 113–144. ISSN 1059-3152. JSTOR 23496050. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
William T. Rowe. China's Last Empire: The Great Qing. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, History of Imperial China, 2009; ISBN 9780674036123), p. 162-163 Archived 3 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine
Daniel McMahon, "The Yuelu Academy and Hunan's Nineteenth-Century Turn toward Statecraft", Late Imperial China 26.1 (2005): 72–109 Project MUSE Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Duxiu Chen; Gregor Benton (1998). Gregor Benton (ed.). Chen Duxiu's last articles and letters, 1937–1942 (illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 45. ISBN 0824821122. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2016. 24. Xi'an never fell. Under the Guonaindang General Xue Yue, Changsha was successfully defended three times against the Japanese; Changsha (and the vital Guangzhou-Hankou Railway) did not fall to the Japanese until early 1945.
长沙统计年鉴2017 (in Chinese (China)). Government of Changsha. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2019. Section 1-1, "自然环境" (Natural environment)
sina.com (2013-5-8) Archived 19 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine china-zjj Archived 20 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine
"Changsha". www.xinli110.com. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
"Environmental Resources in Changsha". www.changsha.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
"China Meteorological Administration". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
"Index" 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data. China Meteorological Administration. August 2010. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
"13 cities in China join the 1 trillion yuan GDP club in 2017". chinaplus.cri.cn. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"Per capita GDP in 14 Chinese cities hits $20,000 in 2020". global.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
"Two more cities join China's trillion yuan GDP club in 2017 - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"2017"新一线"城市排行榜发布成都、杭州、武汉蝉联三甲郑州、东莞新晋入榜". www.yicai.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"Top 10 new first-tier cities by commercial appeal". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"Decoding China's 2021 GDP Growth Rate: A Look at Regional Numbers". China Briefing News. 7 February 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
"GDP (current US$) - Hong Kong SAR, China | Data 2021". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
"GDP (current US$) - Ukraine, Hungary | Data". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
"Top 10 cities in China by nighttime economic power". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
"胡润百富 - 资讯 - 2022家大业大酒·胡润全球富豪榜". www.hurun.net. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
"Hurun Global Rich List 2022". www.hurun.net. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
"China's cities to rise to the top ranks by 2035". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
"World's Richest Cities in 2030, and Where Southeast Asian Cities Stand | Seasia.co". Good News from Southeast Asia. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
Changsha National Economic and Technology Development Zone Archived 26 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. RightSite.asia. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.
About Liuyang ETZ: letz.gov.cn Archived 24 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine
浏阳经开区2016年经济工作报告 [Development Report of LETZ in 2016]. Liuyang People's Government. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017.
"Top 10 Chinese destinations for summer vacations". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"Top 10 most popular destinations during Dragon Boat Festival". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"IMPOSSIBLE BUILDS: Episode 5 Preview | Ice World". PBS. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
湖南人口信息服务网 – 人口普查资料. Hunan Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
"Hunan cuisine". www.china.com.cn. Archived from the original on 16 November 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
"Hunan Xiangtao FC". soccerway.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
"Hunan Provincial Museum". www.hnmuseum.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
马王堆汉墓陈列全景数字展厅--湖南省博物馆. www.hnmuseum.com (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
"A Selection of Artifacts from Mawangdui – Photo Gallery – Archaeology Magazine Archive". archive.archaeology.org. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
Phalen Regional Park China Garden Archived 13 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine
St. Paul Chinese garden getting pavilion gift from sister city Archived 21 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine
"The Race To Exascale". Asian Scientist Magazine. 19 July 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
"Hunan starts building supercomputing center". www.chinadaily.com.cn. 28 November 2010. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
"Changsha, a Hub for China's Creative Industries". Discovery. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
"Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
"Top 10 China's innovation-oriented cities in 2020". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
"Top 10 most attractive cities for talent in 2020". www.chinadaily.com.cn. 14 January 2021. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
"Changsha City". enghunan.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
Yeulu Academy, Changsha Archived 16 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Dm.hnu.cn. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.
于小明. "Top 10 Chinese cities with strong education". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
"Project 211 and 985 - China Education Center". www.chinaeducenter.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
"US News Best Global Universities Rankings: Hunan University of Chinese Medicine". U.S. News & World Report. 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
"World University Rankings 2023 | Global 2000 List | CWUR". cwur.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
Studies (CWTS), Centre for Science and Technology. "CWTS Leiden Ranking". CWTS Leiden Ranking. Archived from the original on 2 February 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
"2023 tables: Institutions - academic | Annual tables | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
"ShanghaiRanking's Best Chinese Universities Ranking". www.shanghairanking.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
"URAP - University Ranking by Academic Academic Performance". urapcenter.org. Archived from the original on 6 December 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
线路图 [Official Map]. hncsmtr.com (in Chinese). Changsha Metro Group Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
"Changsha metro opens". railwaygazette.com. 29 April 2014. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
长沙地铁1号线正式开通试运营告别单线出行迎来换乘时代_图片频道_新华网 (in Simplified Chinese). Xinhua News. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
长沙地铁1号线一期工程可研报告获批 2015年全面竣工 (in Chinese). Changsha News Online (长沙新闻网). 26 October 2010. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
"Metro projects underway in Changsha, Xi'an, Wuhan and Xiamen". railwaygazette.com. 13 July 2011. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
"Changsha airport maglev line openes". Railway Gazette. 4 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
Changsha to Construct Maglev Train Archived 16 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, 2014-01-09
广铁集团公司关于长株潭城际铁路开通运营的公告 (in Simplified Chinese). 12306.cn. 25 December 2016. Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
Huang, Chen (黄琛); Su Yi (2 January 2010). 长沙南站好多市民过眼瘾. 长沙晚报. 新民网. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
抢占先机武广高速铁路通车长沙商圈又添新丁. 0731fdc.com news (in Chinese). 26 December 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
Bradsher, Keith (24 September 2013). "Speedy Trains Transform China". New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
"???ALLP.list.sharingTitle.FLMP???". Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
湖南省机场管理集团有限公司,贵宾服务 (in Simplified Chinese). Hunan Airport Management Group Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
"2020 Civil Airports Statistics Report". Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
"Changsha - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
"China selects happiest cities of 2019 - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"Official website of Changsha, China". en.changsha.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
"2017"新一线"城市排行榜发布成都、杭州、武汉蝉联三甲郑州、东莞新晋入榜". www.yicai.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"Changsha appears on Global Cities lists- China.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"Changsha Ranks 68th Worldwide in Urban Economic Competitiveness-Hunan Government Website International-enghunan.gov.cn". enghunan.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
"Changsha | Creative Cities Network". en.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"Changsha named UNESCO Creative City". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2018". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
"长沙竞争力进全球"十快"居首_资讯频道_凤凰网". news.ifeng.com. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"International Sister Cities of Changsha". Official website of Changsha, China. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
"友好城市". changsha.gov.cn (in Chinese). Changsha. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
"The Fate of a Novel Amid China's Reform". University of California Los Angeles. Archived from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
Star Name – R.H. Allen p.182 Archived 3 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

UK: /tʃæŋˈʃɑː/; US: /tʃɑːŋ-/;^[5] simplified Chinese: 长沙; traditional Chinese: 長沙; Changsha Xiang Chinese: [tsã˩˧ sɔ˧] (listen^ⓘ), Mandarin pinyin: Chángshā (listen^ⓘ)

wikiwix.com

archive.wikiwix.com

中华人民共和国国家统计局. www.stats.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2017.

wipo.int

(:Unas) (27 September 2023). World Intellectual Property Organization (ed.). World Intellectual Property Report 2023: The Direction of Innovation (PDF). World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR) (16th ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 250. doi:10.34667/tind.48220. ISBN 978-92-805-3321-7. Retrieved 28 September 2023.

worldbank.org

data.worldbank.org

"GDP (current US$) - Hong Kong SAR, China | Data 2021". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
"GDP (current US$) - Ukraine, Hungary | Data". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.

blogs.worldbank.org

"Competitive Cities: Changsha, China – coordination, competition, construction and cars". blogs.worldbank.org. 23 February 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

worldcat.org

Murck, Alfreda (1996). "The "Eight Views of Xiao-Xiang" and the Northern Song Culture of Exile". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies (26): 113–144. ISSN 1059-3152. JSTOR 23496050. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
Edwards, Rhiannon (4 February 2016). "China's fastest-growing cities and why you should visit them". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

xinhuanet.com

"Changsha: "Capital of Construction Machinery" explores world coordinates" Archived 13 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Xinhuanet. 20 May 2019.
"2020 "TV Landmark" and "Voice of the Times" List Released" Archived 8 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine Xinhuanet. 7 December 2017.
"China selects happiest cities of 2019 - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

news.xinhuanet.com

长沙地铁1号线正式开通试运营告别单线出行迎来换乘时代_图片频道_新华网 (in Simplified Chinese). Xinhua News. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.

xinli110.com

"Changsha". www.xinli110.com. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2019.

xinmin.cn

news.xinmin.cn

Huang, Chen (黄琛); Su Yi (2 January 2010). 长沙南站好多市民过眼瘾. 长沙晚报. 新民网. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2014.

yicai.com

"2017"新一线"城市排行榜发布成都、杭州、武汉蝉联三甲郑州、东莞新晋入榜". www.yicai.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
"2017"新一线"城市排行榜发布成都、杭州、武汉蝉联三甲郑州、东莞新晋入榜". www.yicai.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

yicaiglobal.com

"Ranking of Chinese Cities' Business Attractiveness 2022". www.yicaiglobal.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2022.