Cloud (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cloud" in English language version.

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39wmo.int

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3arxiv.org

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Increasing Cloud Reflectivity Archived 11 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Royal Geographical Society, 2010.

abc.net.au

Abbie Thomas (7 August 2003). "Soaring the glory". ABC Science. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 30 August 2014.

allenpress.com

amsglossary.allenpress.com

Glossary of Meteorology (2009). "Radiational cooling". American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2008.

ametsoc.org

glossary.ametsoc.org

American Meteorological Society (2012). "Glossary of Meteorology". Retrieved 9 January 2014.

archive.org

World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975). International Cloud Atlas, preface to the 1939 edition. Vol. I. Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization. pp. IX–XIII. ISBN 978-92-63-10407-6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975). Altostratus, International Cloud Atlas. Vol. I. Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization. pp. 35–37. ISBN 978-92-63-10407-6. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
Ludlum, David McWilliams (2000). National Audubon Society Field Guide to Weather. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 473. ISBN 978-0-679-40851-2. OCLC 56559729.
Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. (2006). Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and the Outer Solar System. New York: Chelsea House. pp. 79–83. ISBN 978-0-8160-5197-7.
Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea (1998). Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Greenwood. p. 182. ISBN 978-0313294976.

archive.today

"Will Clouds Speed or Slow Global Warming?". National Science Foundation. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2012.

arizona.edu

lpl.arizona.edu

Ingersoll, A.P.; Dowling, T.E.; Gierasch, P.J.; Orton, G.S.; Read, P.L.; Sanchez-Lavega, A.; Showman, A.P.; Simon-Miller, A.A.; Vasavada, A.R. "Dynamics of Jupiter's Atmosphere" (PDF). Lunar & Planetary Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2007.

arxiv.org

Demory, B. O.; De Wit, J.; Lewis, N.; Fortney, J.; Zsom, A.; Seager, S.; Knutson, H.; Heng, K.; Madhusudhan, N.; Gillon, M.; Barclay, T.; Desert, J. M.; Parmentier, V.; Cowan, N. B. (2013). "Inference of Inhomogeneous Clouds in an Exoplanet Atmosphere". The Astrophysical Journal. 776 (2): L25. arXiv:1309.7894. Bibcode:2013ApJ...776L..25D. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/776/2/L25. S2CID 701011.
Knutson, H. A.; Benneke, B. R.; Deming, D.; Homeier, D. (2014). "A featureless transmission spectrum for the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b". Nature. 505 (7481): 66–68. arXiv:1401.3350. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...66K. doi:10.1038/nature12887. PMID 24380953. S2CID 4454617.
Kreidberg, L.; Bean, J. L.; Désert, J. M.; Benneke, B. R.; Deming, D.; Stevenson, K. B.; Seager, S.; Berta-Thompson, Z.; Seifahrt, A.; Homeier, D. (2014). "Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ 1214b". Nature. 505 (7481): 69–72. arXiv:1401.0022. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...69K. doi:10.1038/nature12888. PMID 24380954. S2CID 4447642.

atoptics.co.uk

About NLCs, Polar Mesospheric Clouds, from Atmospheric optics
Les Cowley (2011). "Nacreous clouds". atoptics.co.uk. Retrieved 31 January 2012.

books.google.com

Lee M. Grenci; Jon M. Nese (2001). A World of Weather: Fundamentals of Meteorology: A Text / Laboratory Manual (3 ed.). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. pp. 207–212. ISBN 978-0-7872-7716-1. OCLC 51160155.
Ackerman, p. 109 Ackerman, Steven A. (2011). Meteorology: Clouds and the Greenhouse Effect. Jones & Bartlett. ISBN 978-0-7637-8927-5.
Pearce, Robert Penrose (2002). Meteorology at the Millennium. Academic Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-12-548035-2.
Reiley, H. Edward; Shry, Carroll L. (2002). Introductory horticulture. Cengage Learning. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-7668-1567-4.
Ackerman, p. 118 Ackerman, Steven A. (2011). Meteorology: Clouds and the Greenhouse Effect. Jones & Bartlett. ISBN 978-0-7637-8927-5.
Houze, Robert A. (1994). Cloud Dynamics. Academic Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-08-050210-6.
Pretor-Pinney, Gavin (2007). The Cloudspotter's Guide: The Science, History, and Culture of Clouds. Penguin Group. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-101-20331-6.
Dunlop 2003, pp. 77–78 Dunlop, Storm (June 2003). The Weather Identification Handbook. Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-58574-857-0.
Dunlop 2003, p. 79 Dunlop, Storm (June 2003). The Weather Identification Handbook. Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-58574-857-0.
Kondratʹev, Kirill Iakovlevich (2006). Atmospheric aerosol properties: formation, processes and impacts. Springer. p. 403. ISBN 978-3-540-26263-3.
Nagle, Garrett (1998). "10. Cities and Air Pollution". Hazards. Nelson Thornes. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-17-490022-1.
Ackerman, p. 124 Ackerman, Steven A. (2011). Meteorology: Clouds and the Greenhouse Effect. Jones & Bartlett. ISBN 978-0-7637-8927-5.
Bougher, Stephen Wesley; Phillips, Roger (1997). Venus II: Geology, Geophysics, Atmosphere, and Solar Wind Environment. University of Arizona Press. pp. 127–129. ISBN 978-0-8165-1830-2.
Dougherty, Michele; Esposito, Larry (November 2009). Saturn from Cassini-Huygens (1 ed.). Springer. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-4020-9216-9. OCLC 527635272.
Irwin, Patrick (July 2003). Giant Planets of Our Solar System: Atmospheres, Composition, and Structure (1 ed.). Springer. p. 115. ISBN 978-3-540-00681-7.
Athéna Coustenis; F.W. Taylor (2008). Titan: Exploring an Earthlike World. World Scientific. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-981-270-501-3.
Gertz, Jan Christian (2014). "The Miracle at the Sea: Remarks on the Recent Discussion about Origin and Composition of the Exodus Narrative". The Book of Exodus: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 111. ISBN 978-90-04-28266-7.
Strauss, Leo (1966). Socrates and Aristophanes. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 17–21, 29. ISBN 978-0-226-77719-1.
Robson, James (2017). Grig, Lucy (ed.). Popular Culture in the Ancient World. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-107-07489-7.
Ding, Ersu (2010). Parallels, Interactions, and Illuminations: Traversing Chinese and Western Theories of the Sign. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-4426-4048-1.

clouds-online.com

Clouds Online (2012). "Cloud Atlas". Retrieved 1 February 2012.

colostate.edu

rammb.cira.colostate.edu

Colorado State University Dept. of Atmospheric Science, ed. (2015). "Cloud type identification by satellites" (PDF). Colorado State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2006. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
Colorado State University, ed. (2000). "Stratus and Fog". Retrieved 9 April 2018.

columbia.edu

eesc.columbia.edu

Kushnir, Yochanan (2000). "The Climate System: General Circulation and Climate Zones". Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 13 March 2012.

discovertheforest.org

"Cloudgazing". Discover the Forest. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

doi.org

Frisinger, H. Howard (1972). "Aristotle and his Meteorologica". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 53: 634. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1972)053<0634:AAH>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0477.
Freud, E.; Rosenfeld, D. (2012). "Linear relation between convective cloud drop number concentration and depth for rain initiation". Journal of Geophysical Research. 117 (D2): n/a. Bibcode:2012JGRD..117.2207F. doi:10.1029/2011JD016457. ISSN 0148-0227.
Laufersweiler, M. J.; Shirer, H. N. (1995). "A theoretical model of multi-regime convection in a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 73 (4): 373–409. Bibcode:1995BoLMe..73..373L. doi:10.1007/BF00712679. S2CID 123031505.
Stommel, H. (1947). "Entrainment of Air into a Cumulus Cloud". Journal of Meteorology. 4 (3): 91–94. Bibcode:1947JAtS....4...91S. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1947)004<0091:EOAIAC>2.0.CO;2.
Mossop, S. C.; Hallett, J. (1974). "Ice Crystal Concentration in Cumulus Clouds: Influence of the Drop Spectrum". Science. 186 (4164): 632–634. Bibcode:1974Sci...186..632M. doi:10.1126/science.186.4164.632. PMID 17833720. S2CID 19285155.
Vincent J. Schaefer (October 1952). "Cloud Forms of the Jet Stream". Tellus. 5 (1): 27–31. Bibcode:1953Tell....5...27S. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1953.tb01032.x.
Miyazaki, R.; Yoshida, S.; Dobashi, Y.; Nishita, T. (2001). "A method for modeling clouds based on atmospheric fluid dynamics". Proceedings Ninth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications. Pacific Graphics 2001. p. 363. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.76.7428. doi:10.1109/PCCGA.2001.962893. ISBN 978-0-7695-1227-3. S2CID 6656499.
Scott A (2000). "The Pre-Quaternary history of fire". Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 164 (1–4): 281–329. Bibcode:2000PPP...164..281S. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00192-9.
Renno, N. O. (2008). "A thermodynamically general theory for convective vortices" (PDF). Tellus A. 60 (4): 688–699. Bibcode:2008TellA..60..688R. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00331.x. hdl:2027.42/73164. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2019.
Stephen F. Corfidi; Sarah J. Corfidi; David M Schultz (2008). "Elevated Convection and Castellanus: Ambiguities, Significance, and Questions". Weather and Forecasting. 23 (6): 1282. Bibcode:2008WtFor..23.1280C. doi:10.1175/2008WAF2222118.1.
Garrett, T. J.; Dean-Day, J.; Liu, C.; Barnett, B.; Mace, G.; Baumgardner, D.; Webster, C.; Bui, T.; Read, W.; Minnis, P. (2006). "Convective formation of pileus cloud near the tropopause". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 6 (5): 1185–1200. Bibcode:2006ACP.....6.1185G. doi:10.5194/acp-6-1185-2006. hdl:2060/20080015842. S2CID 14440075.
Kore.n, I.; Feingold, G. (2013). "Adaptive behavior of marine cellular clouds". Scientific Reports. 3: 2507. Bibcode:2013NatSR...3.2507K. doi:10.1038/srep02507. PMC 3753593. PMID 23978979.
Cai, Wenju; Van Rensch, Peter; Cowan, Tim (2011). "Subtropical Ridge". Journal of Climate. 24 (23): 6035. Bibcode:2011JCli...24.6035C. doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4149.1. S2CID 59145525.
Hileman, B. (1995). "Clouds absorb more solar radiation than researchers previously thought". Chemical & Engineering News. 73 (7): 33. doi:10.1021/cen-v073n007.p033.
Franks, F. (2003). "Nucleation of ice and its management in ecosystems". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 361 (1804): 557–74. Bibcode:2003RSPTA.361..557F. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.1141. PMID 12662454. S2CID 25606767.
Bony, S. (2005). "Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (20): L20806. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3220806B. doi:10.1029/2005GL023851.
Medeiros, B.; Stevens, B.; Held, I. M.; Zhao, M.; Williamson, D. L.; Olson, J. G.; Bretherton, C. S. (2008). "Aquaplanets, Climate Sensitivity, and Low Clouds". Journal of Climate. 21 (19): 4974–4991. Bibcode:2008JCli...21.4974M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.620.6314. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI1995.1.
Turco, R. P.; Toon, O. B.; Whitten, R. C.; Keesee, R. G.; Hollenbach, D. (1982). "Noctilucent clouds: Simulation studies of their genesis, properties and global influences". Planetary and Space Science. 30 (11): 1147–1181. Bibcode:1982P&SS...30.1147T. doi:10.1016/0032-0633(82)90126-X.
Demory, B. O.; De Wit, J.; Lewis, N.; Fortney, J.; Zsom, A.; Seager, S.; Knutson, H.; Heng, K.; Madhusudhan, N.; Gillon, M.; Barclay, T.; Desert, J. M.; Parmentier, V.; Cowan, N. B. (2013). "Inference of Inhomogeneous Clouds in an Exoplanet Atmosphere". The Astrophysical Journal. 776 (2): L25. arXiv:1309.7894. Bibcode:2013ApJ...776L..25D. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/776/2/L25. S2CID 701011.
Moses, J. (2014). "Extrasolar planets: Cloudy with a chance of dustballs". Nature. 505 (7481): 31–32. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...31M. doi:10.1038/505031a. PMID 24380949. S2CID 4408861.
Knutson, H. A.; Benneke, B. R.; Deming, D.; Homeier, D. (2014). "A featureless transmission spectrum for the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b". Nature. 505 (7481): 66–68. arXiv:1401.3350. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...66K. doi:10.1038/nature12887. PMID 24380953. S2CID 4454617.
Kreidberg, L.; Bean, J. L.; Désert, J. M.; Benneke, B. R.; Deming, D.; Stevenson, K. B.; Seager, S.; Berta-Thompson, Z.; Seifahrt, A.; Homeier, D. (2014). "Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ 1214b". Nature. 505 (7481): 69–72. arXiv:1401.0022. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...69K. doi:10.1038/nature12888. PMID 24380954. S2CID 4447642.

dtic.mil

oai.dtic.mil

Long, Michael J.; Hanks, Howard H.; Beebe, Robert G. (June 1965). "TROPOPAUSE PENETRATIONS BY CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2014.

eso.org

"Sculpting La Silla's Skies". www.eso.org. ESO. Retrieved 23 August 2014.

etymonline.com

Harper, Douglas (2012). "Cloud". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

eumetsat.int

de Valk, Paul; van Westhrenen, Rudolf; Carbajal Henken, Cintia (2010). "Automated CB and TCU detection using radar and satellite data: from research to application" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.

farmersalmanac.com

"Do You See Faces In The Clouds? The Science of Pareidolia". 20 July 2015.

gsu.edu

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Nave, R. (2013). "Adiabatic Process". gsu.edu. Retrieved 18 November 2013.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Renno, N. O. (2008). "A thermodynamically general theory for convective vortices" (PDF). Tellus A. 60 (4): 688–699. Bibcode:2008TellA..60..688R. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00331.x. hdl:2027.42/73164. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2019.
Garrett, T. J.; Dean-Day, J.; Liu, C.; Barnett, B.; Mace, G.; Baumgardner, D.; Webster, C.; Bui, T.; Read, W.; Minnis, P. (2006). "Convective formation of pileus cloud near the tropopause". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 6 (5): 1185–1200. Bibcode:2006ACP.....6.1185G. doi:10.5194/acp-6-1185-2006. hdl:2060/20080015842. S2CID 14440075.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Freud, E.; Rosenfeld, D. (2012). "Linear relation between convective cloud drop number concentration and depth for rain initiation". Journal of Geophysical Research. 117 (D2): n/a. Bibcode:2012JGRD..117.2207F. doi:10.1029/2011JD016457. ISSN 0148-0227.
Laufersweiler, M. J.; Shirer, H. N. (1995). "A theoretical model of multi-regime convection in a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 73 (4): 373–409. Bibcode:1995BoLMe..73..373L. doi:10.1007/BF00712679. S2CID 123031505.
Stommel, H. (1947). "Entrainment of Air into a Cumulus Cloud". Journal of Meteorology. 4 (3): 91–94. Bibcode:1947JAtS....4...91S. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1947)004<0091:EOAIAC>2.0.CO;2.
Mossop, S. C.; Hallett, J. (1974). "Ice Crystal Concentration in Cumulus Clouds: Influence of the Drop Spectrum". Science. 186 (4164): 632–634. Bibcode:1974Sci...186..632M. doi:10.1126/science.186.4164.632. PMID 17833720. S2CID 19285155.
Vincent J. Schaefer (October 1952). "Cloud Forms of the Jet Stream". Tellus. 5 (1): 27–31. Bibcode:1953Tell....5...27S. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1953.tb01032.x.
Scott A (2000). "The Pre-Quaternary history of fire". Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 164 (1–4): 281–329. Bibcode:2000PPP...164..281S. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00192-9.
Renno, N. O. (2008). "A thermodynamically general theory for convective vortices" (PDF). Tellus A. 60 (4): 688–699. Bibcode:2008TellA..60..688R. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00331.x. hdl:2027.42/73164. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2019.
Stephen F. Corfidi; Sarah J. Corfidi; David M Schultz (2008). "Elevated Convection and Castellanus: Ambiguities, Significance, and Questions". Weather and Forecasting. 23 (6): 1282. Bibcode:2008WtFor..23.1280C. doi:10.1175/2008WAF2222118.1.
Garrett, T. J.; Dean-Day, J.; Liu, C.; Barnett, B.; Mace, G.; Baumgardner, D.; Webster, C.; Bui, T.; Read, W.; Minnis, P. (2006). "Convective formation of pileus cloud near the tropopause". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 6 (5): 1185–1200. Bibcode:2006ACP.....6.1185G. doi:10.5194/acp-6-1185-2006. hdl:2060/20080015842. S2CID 14440075.
Kore.n, I.; Feingold, G. (2013). "Adaptive behavior of marine cellular clouds". Scientific Reports. 3: 2507. Bibcode:2013NatSR...3.2507K. doi:10.1038/srep02507. PMC 3753593. PMID 23978979.
Cai, Wenju; Van Rensch, Peter; Cowan, Tim (2011). "Subtropical Ridge". Journal of Climate. 24 (23): 6035. Bibcode:2011JCli...24.6035C. doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4149.1. S2CID 59145525.
Franks, F. (2003). "Nucleation of ice and its management in ecosystems". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 361 (1804): 557–74. Bibcode:2003RSPTA.361..557F. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.1141. PMID 12662454. S2CID 25606767.
Bony, S. (2005). "Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate models". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (20): L20806. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3220806B. doi:10.1029/2005GL023851.
Medeiros, B.; Stevens, B.; Held, I. M.; Zhao, M.; Williamson, D. L.; Olson, J. G.; Bretherton, C. S. (2008). "Aquaplanets, Climate Sensitivity, and Low Clouds". Journal of Climate. 21 (19): 4974–4991. Bibcode:2008JCli...21.4974M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.620.6314. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI1995.1.
Turco, R. P.; Toon, O. B.; Whitten, R. C.; Keesee, R. G.; Hollenbach, D. (1982). "Noctilucent clouds: Simulation studies of their genesis, properties and global influences". Planetary and Space Science. 30 (11): 1147–1181. Bibcode:1982P&SS...30.1147T. doi:10.1016/0032-0633(82)90126-X.
Demory, B. O.; De Wit, J.; Lewis, N.; Fortney, J.; Zsom, A.; Seager, S.; Knutson, H.; Heng, K.; Madhusudhan, N.; Gillon, M.; Barclay, T.; Desert, J. M.; Parmentier, V.; Cowan, N. B. (2013). "Inference of Inhomogeneous Clouds in an Exoplanet Atmosphere". The Astrophysical Journal. 776 (2): L25. arXiv:1309.7894. Bibcode:2013ApJ...776L..25D. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/776/2/L25. S2CID 701011.
Moses, J. (2014). "Extrasolar planets: Cloudy with a chance of dustballs". Nature. 505 (7481): 31–32. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...31M. doi:10.1038/505031a. PMID 24380949. S2CID 4408861.
Knutson, H. A.; Benneke, B. R.; Deming, D.; Homeier, D. (2014). "A featureless transmission spectrum for the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b". Nature. 505 (7481): 66–68. arXiv:1401.3350. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...66K. doi:10.1038/nature12887. PMID 24380953. S2CID 4454617.
Kreidberg, L.; Bean, J. L.; Désert, J. M.; Benneke, B. R.; Deming, D.; Stevenson, K. B.; Seager, S.; Berta-Thompson, Z.; Seifahrt, A.; Homeier, D. (2014). "Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ 1214b". Nature. 505 (7481): 69–72. arXiv:1401.0022. Bibcode:2014Natur.505...69K. doi:10.1038/nature12888. PMID 24380954. S2CID 4447642.

hko.gov.hk

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