Fire (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Fire" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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26doi.org

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11nih.gov

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8books.google.com

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7harvard.edu

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1derose.net

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1fireapparatusmagazine.com

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about.com

chemistry.about.com

Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-01-21.

aessoil.com

"How Do Wildfires Affect Soil? - Applied Earth Sciences". 2019-11-12. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

apjjf.org

Guillaume, Marine (2016-12-01). "Napalm in US Bombing Doctrine and Practice, 1942-1975" (PDF). The Asia-Pacific Journal. 14 (23). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-04.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"In Pictures: German destruction Archived 2019-12-13 at the Wayback Machine". BBC News.

books.google.com

Pyne, Stephen J. (1998). "Forged in Fire: History, Land and Anthropogenic Fire". In Balée, William (ed.). Advances in Historical Ecology. Historical Ecology Series. University of Columbia Press. pp. 78–84. ISBN 0-231-10632-7.
McNab, Chris (2015). The Flamethrower. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 9781472809032.
Fletcher, David (2012). Churchill Crocodile Flamethrower. New Vanguard. Vol. 136. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 4–6. ISBN 9781780968032.
Barash, David P.; Webel, Charles P. (10 July 2008). Peace and Conflict Studies. SAGE. p. 365. ISBN 978-1-4129-6120-2.
Stauffer, E.; NicDaéid, N. (2017). "Chemistry of Fire". In Houck, Max M. (ed.). Forensic Engineering. Advanced Forensic Science Series. Elsevier, Inc. pp. 137–143. ISBN 978-0-12-802718-9.
Gisborne, H. T. (Winter 2004). "Fundamentals of Fire Behavior". Fire Management Today. 64 (1). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 15–23.
Ward, Michael (March 2005). Fire Officer: Principles and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9780763722470.
Baars, Hans; Smulders, Andre; Hintzbergen, Kees; Hintzbergen, Jule (2015-04-15). Foundations of Information Security Based on ISO27001 and ISO27002 (3rd revised ed.). Van Haren. ISBN 9789401805414.

caltech.edu

resolver.caltech.edu

Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.

columbia.edu

blogs.ei.columbia.edu

Krajick, Kevin (16 November 2011). "Farmers, Flames and Climate: Are We Entering an Age of 'Mega-Fires'? – State of the Planet". Columbia Climate School. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2012-05-23.

croris.hr

Petaros, A.; Borrini, M.; Josip, A. (2009). The history of fire and torture – fire in crimes committed against the integrity of life and health. V Meeting of the International Society for the History of Medicine. pp. 92–92. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

derose.net

"Flame temperatures". www.derose.net. Archived from the original on 2014-04-17. Retrieved 2007-07-09.

doi.org

Lentile, Leigh B.; Holden, Zachary A.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Morgan, Penelope; Lewis, Sarah A.; Gessler, Paul E.; Benson, Nate C (2006). "Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects". International Journal of Wildland Fire. 3 (15): 319–345. doi:10.1071/WF05097. S2CID 724358.
Morris, S. E.; Moses, T. A. (1987). "Forest Fire and the Natural Soil Erosion Regime in the Colorado Front Range". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 77 (2): 245–54. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00156.x. ISSN 0004-5608.
Wellman, C. H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 355 (1398): 717–31, discussion 731–2. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
Jones, Timothy P.; Chaloner, William G. (1991). "Fossil charcoal, its recognition and palaeoatmospheric significance". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 97 (1–2): 39–50. Bibcode:1991PPP....97...39J. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90180-Y.
Glasspool, I. J.; Edwards, D.; Axe, L. (2004). "Charcoal in the Silurian as evidence for the earliest wildfire". Geology. 32 (5): 381–383. Bibcode:2004Geo....32..381G. doi:10.1130/G20363.1.
Scott, A. C.; Glasspool, I. J. (2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (29): 10861–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Retallack, Gregory J. (1997). "Neogene expansion of the North American prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–90. Bibcode:1997Palai..12..380R. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696): 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Gowlett, J. A. J.; Wrangham, R. W. (2013). "Earliest fire in Africa: towards the convergence of archaeological evidence and the cooking hypothesis". Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 48 (1): 5–30. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2012.756754. S2CID 163033909.
Kaplan, Matt (2012). "Million-year-old ash hints at origins of cooking". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10372. S2CID 177595396. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
Berna, Francesco; et al. (May 15, 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". PNAS. 109 (20): E1215 – E1220. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Black, Ernest G. (February 1927). "Torture under English Law". University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register. 75 (4): 344–348. doi:10.2307/3307506. JSTOR 3307506.
Turner, Matthew D.; Sapp, Jason (November 2023). "Fire and Brimstone: SO₂ as a Chemical Weapon in History". Military Medicine. 188 (11–12): 286–288. doi:10.1093/milmed/usad160.
Cheronis, Nicholas D. (August 1, 1937). "Chemical warfare in the middle ages. Kallinikos' 'prepared fire'". Journal of Chemical Education. 14 (8): 360. Bibcode:1937JChEd..14..360C. doi:10.1021/ed014p360.
Haw, Stephen G. (2013). "Cathayan Arrows and Meteors: The Origins of Chinese Rocketry". Journal of Chinese Military History. 2 (1): 28–42. doi:10.1163/22127453-12341243.
Martín-Alberca, C.; et al. (March 2013). "Anionic markers for the forensic identification of Chemical Ignition Molotov Cocktail composition". Science & Justice. 53 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2012.11.004.
Patterson, Ian (February 1, 2017). "Xabier Irujo. Gernika, 1937: The Market Day Massacre". The American Historical Review. 122 (1). Reno: University of Nevada Press: 263–264. doi:10.1093/ahr/122.1.263.
Maamri, R.; et al. (2013). "Development of external combustion engine". American Journal of Vehicle Design. 1 (2): 25–29. doi:10.12691/ajvd-1-2-2.
Tuśnio, Norbert; Wolny, Paweł (2016). "New Techniques and a New Approach to the Effective Extinguishing of Fully Developed Fires in Enclosed Spaces". Internal Security. 8 (1). doi:10.5604/20805268.1231596.
Trimm, D. L. (September 15, 1983). "Catalytic combustion (review)". Applied Catalysis. 7 (3): 249–282. doi:10.1016/0166-9834(83)80027-X.
Bryant, D. (May 1995). "An investigation into the effects of gravity level on rate of heat release and time to ignition". Fire and Materials. 19 (3): 119–126. doi:10.1002/fam.810190304.
Lei, Baiwei; et al. (April 1, 2020). "Comparative study of single inert gas in confined space inhibiting open flame coal combustion". Fuel. 265. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116976.
Grant, G.; et al. (April 2000). "Fire suppression by water sprays". Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 26 (2): 79–130. doi:10.1016/S0360-1285(99)00012-X.
Kim, Tae-Sun; et al. (August 2024). "Thermal characteristics of fire extinguishing agents in compartment fire suppression". Science Progress. 107 (3). doi:10.1177/003685042412634. PMID 39096047.

eia.gov

"How electricity is generated". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

engineeringtoolbox.com

"Adiabatic Flame Temperatures". Engineering Toolbox. 2003. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

etymonline.com

"fire". Online Etymological Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2025-01-18. Retrieved 2025-02-12.

fao.org

Wade, D. D.; Lundsford, J. (1990). "Fire as a forest management tool: prescribed burning in the southern United States". Unasylva. 41 (3): 28–38. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

fireapparatusmagazine.com

Roberts, Geary (April 1, 2010). "Class A and B: What you need to know about foam". Fire Apparatus Magazine. Retrieved 2025-02-28.

ghostarchive.org

NASA Johnson (29 August 2008). "Ask Astronaut Greg Chamitoff: Light a Match!". Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 30 December 2016 – via YouTube.

globalsecurity.org

"Incendiary Weapons - History". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2025-02-26.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

O'Carroll, Eoin (5 April 2012). "Were Early Humans Cooking Their Food a Million Years Ago?". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020. Early humans harnessed fire as early as a million years ago, much earlier than previously thought, suggests evidence unearthed in a cave in South Africa.

google.com

Rutherford, F. James; Ahlgren, Andrew (1991). Science for All Americans. Oxford University Press. pp. 114–118. ISBN 9780195361865.
Kirkpatrick, Allan T.; Kuo, Kenneth K. (2024). Principles of Combustion. Wiley. p. 369. ISBN 9781394187072.
Mishra, D. P. (2007). Fundamentals of Combustion. PHI Learning. pp. 172–174. ISBN 9788120333482.
Drew, James M. (2013). Blacksmithing. Read Books Limited. p. 22. ISBN 9781473385436.
Home Fire Safety Checklist. The Safety Network. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 1989. p. 2.
Marion, Jeffrey (2014). Leave No Trace in the Outdoors. Stackpole Books. pp. 53–62. ISBN 9780811760515.
Diamantes, David (2014). "Fire Protection Systems Testing". Principles of Fire Prevention. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. pp. 120–132. ISBN 9781284041866.

gov.mb.ca

firecomm.gov.mb.ca

"Fire & Life Safety Education". Manitoba Office of the Fire Commissioner. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jones, Timothy P.; Chaloner, William G. (1991). "Fossil charcoal, its recognition and palaeoatmospheric significance". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 97 (1–2): 39–50. Bibcode:1991PPP....97...39J. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90180-Y.
Glasspool, I. J.; Edwards, D.; Axe, L. (2004). "Charcoal in the Silurian as evidence for the earliest wildfire". Geology. 32 (5): 381–383. Bibcode:2004Geo....32..381G. doi:10.1130/G20363.1.
Scott, A. C.; Glasspool, I. J. (2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (29): 10861–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Retallack, Gregory J. (1997). "Neogene expansion of the North American prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–90. Bibcode:1997Palai..12..380R. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Cheronis, Nicholas D. (August 1, 1937). "Chemical warfare in the middle ages. Kallinikos' 'prepared fire'". Journal of Chemical Education. 14 (8): 360. Bibcode:1937JChEd..14..360C. doi:10.1021/ed014p360.

iea.org

"World Energy Outlook 2022". IEA. October 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27.

io9.com

Inglis-Arkell, Esther (8 March 2011). "How does fire behave in zero gravity?". io9. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

jstor.org

Retallack, Gregory J. (1997). "Neogene expansion of the North American prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–90. Bibcode:1997Palai..12..380R. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337.
Black, Ernest G. (February 1927). "Torture under English Law". University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register. 75 (4): 344–348. doi:10.2307/3307506. JSTOR 3307506.
Melville, R. D. (April 1905). "The Use and Forms of Judicial Torture in England and Scotland". The Scottish Historical Review. 2 (7): 225–248. JSTOR 25517609. In particular, see p. 238.

modernsciences.org

Pyne, Stephen (February 10, 2025). "Human use of fire has produced an era of uncontrolled burning: Welcome to the Pyrocene". Modern Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-26.

nasa.gov

microgravity.grc.nasa.gov

"CFM-1 experiment results". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. April 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-09-12.
"LSP-1 experiment results". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. April 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12.

science.nasa.gov

"Spiral flames in microgravity]". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2000. Archived from the original on 2010-03-19.

nature.com

Kaplan, Matt (2012). "Million-year-old ash hints at origins of cooking". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10372. S2CID 177595396. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

newscientist.com

"What is fire?". New Scientist. Archived from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2022.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wellman, C. H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 355 (1398): 717–31, discussion 731–2. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
Scott, A. C.; Glasspool, I. J. (2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (29): 10861–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696): 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Berna, Francesco; et al. (May 15, 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". PNAS. 109 (20): E1215 – E1220. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Kim, Tae-Sun; et al. (August 2024). "Thermal characteristics of fire extinguishing agents in compartment fire suppression". Science Progress. 107 (3). doi:10.1177/003685042412634. PMID 39096047.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wellman, C. H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 355 (1398): 717–31, discussion 731–2. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
Scott, A. C.; Glasspool, I. J. (2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (29): 10861–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696): 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Berna, Francesco; et al. (May 15, 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". PNAS. 109 (20): E1215 – E1220. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.

nwcg.gov

"Glossary of Wildland Fire Terminology" (PDF). National Wildfire Coordinating Group. October 2007. p. 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2008-12-18.

nytimes.com

"SCIENCE WATCH; Burning Plants Adding to Nitrogen". The New York Times. 1990-08-14. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

nzhistory.govt.nz

"Flamethrower in action". nzhistory.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

popularmechanics.com

Guerrieri, Vince (February 17, 2020). "Why Fire Is the Greatest Tool of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Digital Media. Retrieved 2025-02-26.

science.org

Lowe, Derek (February 26, 2008). "Sand Won't Save You This Time". Science. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lentile, Leigh B.; Holden, Zachary A.; Smith, Alistair M. S.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Morgan, Penelope; Lewis, Sarah A.; Gessler, Paul E.; Benson, Nate C (2006). "Remote sensing techniques to assess active fire characteristics and post-fire effects". International Journal of Wildland Fire. 3 (15): 319–345. doi:10.1071/WF05097. S2CID 724358.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
Gowlett, J. A. J.; Wrangham, R. W. (2013). "Earliest fire in Africa: towards the convergence of archaeological evidence and the cooking hypothesis". Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 48 (1): 5–30. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2012.756754. S2CID 163033909.
Kaplan, Matt (2012). "Million-year-old ash hints at origins of cooking". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10372. S2CID 177595396. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2024-01-26.

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