Fire (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Fire" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

17web.archive.org

1^st place

12doi.org

2^nd place

10nih.gov

4^th place

6harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

4semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4books.google.com

3^rd place

3nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

2about.com

216^th place

186^th place

2caltech.edu

887^th place

714^th place

1nwcg.gov

low place

9,400^th place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1worldcat.org

5^th place

1aessoil.com

low place

1etymonline.com

287^th place

321^st place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

1go.com

48^th place

39^th place

1columbia.edu

488^th place

374^th place

1bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

1nzhistory.govt.nz

6,226^th place

3,938^th place

1apjjf.org

8,476^th place

5,338^th place

1iea.org

2,532^nd place

2,451^st place

1eia.gov

2,290^th place

1,909^th place

1newscientist.com

774^th place

716^th place

1science.org

1,160^th place

737^th place

1youtube.com

9^th place

13^th place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

1io9.com

2,391^st place

1,563^rd place

1derose.net

low place

1uni-freiburg.de

5,792^nd place

9,376^th place

1smokeybear.com

low place

1gov.mb.ca

8,104^th place

4,664^th place

about.com

chemistry.about.com

Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-01-21.

aessoil.com

"How Do Wildfires Affect Soil? - Applied Earth Sciences". 2019-11-12. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

apjjf.org

Guillaume, Marine (2016-12-01). "Napalm in US Bombing Doctrine and Practice, 1942-1975" (PDF). The Asia-Pacific Journal. 14 (23).

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"In Pictures: German destruction Archived 2019-12-13 at the Wayback Machine". BBC News.

books.google.com

Pyne, Stephen J. (1998). "Forged in Fire: History, Land and Anthropogenic Fire". In Balée, William (ed.). Advances in Historical Ecology. Historical Ecology Series. University of Columbia Press. pp. 78–84. ISBN 0-231-10632-7.
David P. Barash; Charles P. Webel (10 July 2008). Peace and Conflict Studies. SAGE. p. 365. ISBN 978-1-4129-6120-2. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
Ward, Michael (March 2005). Fire Officer: Principles and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9780763722470. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
Baars, Hans; Smulders, Andre; Hintzbergen, Kees; Hintzbergen, Jule (2015-04-15). Foundations of Information Security Based on ISO27001 and ISO27002 (3rd revised ed.). Van Haren. ISBN 9789401805414. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2020-10-25.

caltech.edu

resolver.caltech.edu

Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.

columbia.edu

blogs.ei.columbia.edu

Krajick, Kevin (16 November 2011). "Farmers, Flames and Climate: Are We Entering an Age of 'Mega-Fires'? – State of the Planet". Columbia Climate School. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2012-05-23.

derose.net

"Flame temperatures". www.derose.net. Archived from the original on 2014-04-17. Retrieved 2007-07-09.

doi.org

Morris, S. E.; Moses, T. A. (1987). "Forest Fire and the Natural Soil Erosion Regime in the Colorado Front Range". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 77 (2): 245–54. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00156.x.
Wellman, C. H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 355 (1398): 717–31, discussion 731–2. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
Jones, Timothy P.; Chaloner, William G. (1991). "Fossil charcoal, its recognition and palaeoatmospheric significance". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 97 (1–2): 39–50. Bibcode:1991PPP....97...39J. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90180-Y.
Glasspool, I.J.; Edwards, D.; Axe, L. (2004). "Charcoal in the Silurian as evidence for the earliest wildfire". Geology. 32 (5): 381–383. Bibcode:2004Geo....32..381G. doi:10.1130/G20363.1.
Scott, AC; Glasspool, IJ (2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (29): 10861–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.
Retallack, Gregory J. (1997). "Neogene expansion of the North American prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–90. Bibcode:1997Palai..12..380R. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696): 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Gowlett, J. A. J.; Wrangham, R. W. (2013). "Earliest fire in Africa: towards the convergence of archaeological evidence and the cooking hypothesis". Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 48 (1): 5–30. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2012.756754. S2CID 163033909.
Kaplan, Matt (2012). "Million-year-old ash hints at origins of cooking". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10372. S2CID 177595396. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
Francesco Berna; et al. (May 15, 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". PNAS. 109 (20): E1215–E1220. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.

eia.gov

"How electricity is generated". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

etymonline.com

"Fire". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2023-03-24.

ghostarchive.org

NASA Johnson (29 August 2008). "Ask Astronaut Greg Chamitoff: Light a Match!". Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 30 December 2016 – via YouTube.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

O'Carroll, Eoin (5 April 2012). "Were Early Humans Cooking Their Food a Million Years Ago?". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020. Early humans harnessed fire as early as a million years ago, much earlier than previously thought, suggests evidence unearthed in a cave in South Africa.

gov.mb.ca

firecomm.gov.mb.ca

Fire & Life Safety Education, Manitoba Office of the Fire Commissioner Archived December 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jones, Timothy P.; Chaloner, William G. (1991). "Fossil charcoal, its recognition and palaeoatmospheric significance". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 97 (1–2): 39–50. Bibcode:1991PPP....97...39J. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90180-Y.
Glasspool, I.J.; Edwards, D.; Axe, L. (2004). "Charcoal in the Silurian as evidence for the earliest wildfire". Geology. 32 (5): 381–383. Bibcode:2004Geo....32..381G. doi:10.1130/G20363.1.
Scott, AC; Glasspool, IJ (2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (29): 10861–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.
Retallack, Gregory J. (1997). "Neogene expansion of the North American prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–90. Bibcode:1997Palai..12..380R. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.

iea.org

(October 2022), "World Energy Outlook 2022", IEA.

io9.com

Inglis-Arkell, Esther (8 March 2011). "How does fire behave in zero gravity?". Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

jstor.org

Retallack, Gregory J. (1997). "Neogene expansion of the North American prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–90. Bibcode:1997Palai..12..380R. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337.

nasa.gov

microgravity.grc.nasa.gov

CFM-1 experiment results Archived 2007-09-12 at the Wayback Machine, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
LSP-1 experiment results Archived 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.

science.nasa.gov

Spiral flames in microgravity Archived 2010-03-19 at the Wayback Machine, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2000.

nature.com

Kaplan, Matt (2012). "Million-year-old ash hints at origins of cooking". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10372. S2CID 177595396. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

newscientist.com

"What is fire?". New Scientist. Retrieved November 5, 2022.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wellman, C. H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 355 (1398): 717–31, discussion 731–2. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
Scott, AC; Glasspool, IJ (2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (29): 10861–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696): 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Francesco Berna; et al. (May 15, 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". PNAS. 109 (20): E1215–E1220. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wellman, C. H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 355 (1398): 717–31, discussion 731–2. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
Scott, AC; Glasspool, IJ (2006). "The diversification of Paleozoic fire systems and fluctuations in atmospheric oxygen concentration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (29): 10861–5. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10310861S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604090103. PMC 1544139. PMID 16832054.
Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016). "The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1696): 20150164. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0164. PMC 4874402. PMID 27216521.
Francesco Berna; et al. (May 15, 2012). "Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa". PNAS. 109 (20): E1215–E1220. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117620109. PMC 3356665. PMID 22474385.

nwcg.gov

Glossary of Wildland Fire Terminology (PDF). National Wildfire Coordinating Group. October 2007. p. 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2008-12-18.

nytimes.com

"SCIENCE WATCH; Burning Plants Adding to Nitrogen". The New York Times. 1990-08-14. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

nzhistory.govt.nz

"Flamethrower in action". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

science.org

Lowe, Derek (February 26, 2008). "Sand Won't Save You This Time". Science. Retrieved November 5, 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bowman, D. M. J. S.; Balch, J. K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W. J.; Carlson, J. M.; Cochrane, M. A.; d'Antonio, C. M.; Defries, R. S.; Doyle, J. C.; Harrison, S. P.; Johnston, F. H.; Keeley, J. E.; Krawchuk, M. A.; Kull, C. A.; Marston, J. B.; Moritz, M. A.; Prentice, I. C.; Roos, C. I.; Scott, A. C.; Swetnam, T. W.; Van Der Werf, G. R.; Pyne, S. J. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–4. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.
Gowlett, J. A. J.; Wrangham, R. W. (2013). "Earliest fire in Africa: towards the convergence of archaeological evidence and the cooking hypothesis". Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 48 (1): 5–30. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2012.756754. S2CID 163033909.
Kaplan, Matt (2012). "Million-year-old ash hints at origins of cooking". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10372. S2CID 177595396. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
Bowman, D. M. J. S.; et al. (2009). "Fire in the Earth system". Science. 324 (5926): 481–84. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..481B. doi:10.1126/science.1163886. PMID 19390038. S2CID 22389421.

smokeybear.com

"Prescribed Fires". SmokeyBear.com. Archived from the original on 2008-10-20. Retrieved 2008-11-21.

uni-freiburg.de

fire.uni-freiburg.de

"UK: The Role of Fire in the Ecology of Heathland in Southern Britain". International Forest Fire News. 18: 80–81. January 1998. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-09-03.

web.archive.org

Glossary of Wildland Fire Terminology (PDF). National Wildfire Coordinating Group. October 2007. p. 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
Helmenstine, Anne Marie. "What is the State of Matter of Fire or Flame? Is it a Liquid, Solid, or Gas?". About.com. Archived from the original on 2009-01-24. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
Kaplan, Matt (2012). "Million-year-old ash hints at origins of cooking". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10372. S2CID 177595396. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
O'Carroll, Eoin (5 April 2012). "Were Early Humans Cooking Their Food a Million Years Ago?". ABC News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020. Early humans harnessed fire as early as a million years ago, much earlier than previously thought, suggests evidence unearthed in a cave in South Africa.
Krajick, Kevin (16 November 2011). "Farmers, Flames and Climate: Are We Entering an Age of 'Mega-Fires'? – State of the Planet". Columbia Climate School. Archived from the original on 2012-05-26. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
"In Pictures: German destruction Archived 2019-12-13 at the Wayback Machine". BBC News.
Inglis-Arkell, Esther (8 March 2011). "How does fire behave in zero gravity?". Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Spiral flames in microgravity Archived 2010-03-19 at the Wayback Machine, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2000.
CFM-1 experiment results Archived 2007-09-12 at the Wayback Machine, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
LSP-1 experiment results Archived 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
"Flame temperatures". www.derose.net. Archived from the original on 2014-04-17. Retrieved 2007-07-09.
"UK: The Role of Fire in the Ecology of Heathland in Southern Britain". International Forest Fire News. 18: 80–81. January 1998. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
"Prescribed Fires". SmokeyBear.com. Archived from the original on 2008-10-20. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
Fire & Life Safety Education, Manitoba Office of the Fire Commissioner Archived December 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
Ward, Michael (March 2005). Fire Officer: Principles and Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9780763722470. Archived from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
Baars, Hans; Smulders, Andre; Hintzbergen, Kees; Hintzbergen, Jule (2015-04-15). Foundations of Information Security Based on ISO27001 and ISO27002 (3rd revised ed.). Van Haren. ISBN 9789401805414. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2020-10-25.

worldcat.org

"SCIENCE WATCH; Burning Plants Adding to Nitrogen". The New York Times. 1990-08-14. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

youtube.com

NASA Johnson (29 August 2008). "Ask Astronaut Greg Chamitoff: Light a Match!". Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 30 December 2016 – via YouTube.