History of chemistry (English Wikipedia)

Hughes, Peter (2006). "Was Markovnikov's Rule an Inspired Guess?". Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (8): 1152. Bibcode:2006JChEd..83.1152H. doi:10.1021/ed083p1152. ISSN 0021-9584.
First total synthesis of taxol 1. Functionalization of the B ring Robert A. Holton, Carmen Somoza, Hyeong Baik Kim, Feng Liang, Ronald J. Biediger, P. Douglas Boatman, Mitsuru Shindo, Chase C. Smith, Soekchan Kim, et al.; J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1994; 116(4); 1597–1598. DOI Abstract
First total synthesis of taxol. 2. Completion of the C and D rings Robert A. Holton, Hyeong Baik Kim, Carmen Somoza, Feng Liang, Ronald J. Biediger, P. Douglas Boatman, Mitsuru Shindo, Chase C. Smith, Soekchan Kim, and et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1994; 116(4) pp 1599–1600 DOI Abstract
A synthesis of taxusin Robert A. Holton, R. R. Juo, Hyeong B. Kim, Andrew D. Williams, Shinya Harusawa, Richard E. Lowenthal, Sadamu Yogai J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 1988; 110(19); 6558–6560. Abstract

aist.go.jp

"Benjamin Franklin Medal awarded to Dr. Sumio Iijima, Director of the Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, AIST". National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2007-03-27.

archive.org

Brock, William H. (1992). The Fontana History of Chemistry. London, England: Fontana Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-0-00-686173-7.
Brock, William H. (1992). The Fontana History of Chemistry. London, England: Fontana Press. ISBN 978-0-00-686173-7.
Partington, J.R. (1989). A Short History of Chemistry. Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-486-65977-0.
Saunders, Nigel (2004). Tungsten and the Elements of Groups 3 to 7 (The Periodic Table). Chicago: Heinemann Library. ISBN 978-1-4034-3518-7.
Royal Society of London (1 January 1875). "Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 24: xxvii–xxxvii. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
Moore, F. J. (1931). A History of Chemistry. McGraw-Hill. pp. 182–1184. ISBN 978-0-07-148855-6. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) (2nd edition)

bautz.de

content.bautz.de

Keen, Robin (2005). Buttner, Johannes (ed.). The Life and Work of Friedrich Wöhler (1800–1882) (PDF). Bautz.

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"Georgius Agricola". University of California - Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved April 4, 2019.

bookrags.com

Henry Louis Le Châtelier. Thomson Gale. 2005. Retrieved 2007-03-24. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

books.google.com

J. C. McVeigh (1984). Energy around the world: an introduction to energy studies, global resources, needs, utilization. Pergamon Press. p. 24. ISBN 0-08-031650-6.
Mottelay, Paul Fleury (2008). Bibliographical History of Electricity and Magnetism (Reprint of 1892 ed.). Read Books. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-4437-2844-7.
Bowden, Mary Ellen (2005). "John Dalton". Chemical Achievers: The Human Face of Chemical Sciences. Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN 978-0-941901-12-3.
Davy, Humphry (1808). "On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of the new Substances, which constitute their Bases". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 98: 1–45. doi:10.1098/rstl.1808.0001.
Robert E. Krebs (2006). The history and use of our earth's chemical elements: a reference guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2.
Gay-Lussac, J. L. (1802), "Recherches sur la dilatation des gaz et des vapeurs" [Researches on the expansion of gases and vapors], Annales de Chimie, 43: 137–175. English translation (extract).
On page 157, Gay-Lussac mentions the unpublished findings of Charles: "Avant d'aller plus loin, je dois prévenir que quoique j'eusse reconnu un grand nombre de fois que les gaz oxigène, azote, hydrogène et acide carbonique, et l'air atmosphérique se dilatent également depuis 0° jusqu'a 80°, le cit. Charles avait remarqué depuis 15 ans la même propriété dans ces gaz; mais n'avant jamais publié ses résultats, c'est par le plus grand hasard que je les ai connus." (Before going further, I should inform [you] that although I had recognized many times that the gases oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbonic acid [i.e., carbon dioxide], and atmospheric air also expand from 0° to 80°, citizen Charles had noticed 15 years ago the same property in these gases; but having never published his results, it is by the merest chance that I knew of them.)
J. Dalton (1802) "Essay IV. On the expansion of elastic fluids by heat," Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, vol. 5, pt. 2, pages 595-602.
Courtois, Bernard (1813). "Découverte d'une substance nouvelle dans le Vareck". Annales de chimie. 88: 304. In French, seaweed that had been washed onto the shore was called "varec", "varech", or "vareck", whence the English word "wrack". Later, "varec" also referred to the ashes of such seaweed: The ashes were used as a source of iodine and salts of sodium and potassium.
Gay-Lussac, J. (1813). "Sur un nouvel acide formé avec la substance décourverte par M. Courtois". Annales de Chimie. 88: 311.
Gay-Lussac, J. (1813). "Sur la combination de l'iode avec d'oxigène". Annales de Chimie. 88: 319.
Gay-Lussac, J. (1814). "Mémoire sur l'iode". Annales de Chimie. 91: 5.
Davy, H. (1813). "Sur la nouvelle substance découverte par M. Courtois, dans le sel de Vareck". Annales de Chimie. 88: 322.
Blinder, S. M.; House, James E. (2018). Mathematical Physics in Theoretical Chemistry. Elsevier. pp. xiii. ISBN 978-0-12-813701-7.

breckschool.org

realscience.breckschool.org

The History of Ancient Chemistry Archived 2015-03-04 at the Wayback Machine

brillonline.com

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Darmstaedter, Ernst. "Liber Misericordiae Geber: Eine lateinische Übersetzung des gröβeren Kitâb l-raḥma", Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin, 17/4, 1925, pp. 181–197; Berthelot, Marcellin. "Archéologie et Histoire des sciences", Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences de l'Institut de France, 49, 1906, pp. 308–363; see also Forster, Regula. "Jābir b. Ḥayyān", Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three.

chemheritage.org

"Carl von Linde".

chemistryexplained.com

"Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac – Chemistry Encyclopedia – gas, number".

chemteam.info

Sir Humphry Davy (1811). "On a Combination of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygene Gas". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 101: 155–162. doi:10.1098/rstl.1811.0008.

cmog.org

"THE ORIGINS OF GLASSMAKING". Corning Museum of Glass. December 2011.

columbia.edu

"History of Chemistry". Intensive General Chemistry. Columbia University Department of Chemistry Undergraduate Program. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

creighton.edu

mattson.creighton.edu

"Carl Wilhelm Scheele". History of Gas Chemistry. Center for Microscale Gas Chemistry, Creighton University. 2005-09-11. Retrieved 2007-02-23.

doi.org

Henshilwood, C. S.; d'Errico, F.; Van Niekerk, K. L.; Coquinot, Y.; Jacobs, Z.; Lauritzen, S. E.; Menu, M.; García-Moreno, R. (2011-10-15). "A 100,000-year-old ochre-processing workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa". Science. 334 (6053): 219–22. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..219H. doi:10.1126/science.1211535. PMID 21998386. S2CID 40455940.
Corbyn, Zoë (2011-10-13). "African cave's ancient ochre lab". Nature News. doi:10.1038/news.2011.590. Retrieved 2018-10-04.
Pernicka, Ernst; et al. (2015). "On the Invention of Gold Metallurgy: The Gold Objects from the Varna I Cemetery (Bulgaria)—Technological Consequence and Inventive Creativity". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 25 (1): 353–376. doi:10.1017/S0959774314001140.
Radivojević, Miljana; Roberts, Benjamin W. (2021). "Early Balkan Metallurgy: Origins, Evolution and Society, 6200–3700 BC". Journal of World Prehistory. 34 (2): 195–278. doi:10.1007/s10963-021-09155-7. S2CID 237005605.
Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Pernicka, Ernst; Šljivar, Dušan; Brauns, Michael; Borić, Dušan (2010). "On the origins of extractive metallurgy: New evidence from Europe". Journal of Archaeological Science. 37 (11): 2775. Bibcode:2010JArSc..37.2775R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.012.
Norris, John A. (2006). "The Mineral Exhalation Theory of Metallogenesis in Pre-Modern Mineral Science". Ambix. 53: 43–65. doi:10.1179/174582306X93183. S2CID 97109455.
Marmura, Michael E.; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1965). "An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan Al-Safa'an, Al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina by Seyyed Hossein Nasr". Speculum. 40 (4): 744–746. doi:10.2307/2851429. JSTOR 2851429.
Principe, L. (2011). "In retrospect: The Sceptical Chymist". Nature. 469 (7328): 30–31. Bibcode:2011Natur.469...30P. doi:10.1038/469030a. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 6490305.
Ursula Klein (July 2007). "Styles of Experimentation and Alchemical Matter Theory in the Scientific Revolution". Metascience. 16 (2): 247–256 [247]. doi:10.1007/s11016-007-9095-8. ISSN 1467-9981. S2CID 170194372.
Seyferth, Dietmar (2001). "Cadet's Fuming Arsenical Liquid and the Cacodyl Compounds of Bunsen". Organometallics. 20 (8): 1488–1498. doi:10.1021/om0101947.
Davy, Humphry (1808). "On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of the new Substances, which constitute their Bases". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 98: 1–45. doi:10.1098/rstl.1808.0001.
Sir Humphry Davy (1811). "On a Combination of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygene Gas". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 101: 155–162. doi:10.1098/rstl.1811.0008.
Davy, Humphry (January 1, 1814). "Some Experiments and Observations on a New Substance Which Becomes a Violet Coloured Gas by Heat". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 104: 74. doi:10.1098/rstl.1814.0007. S2CID 109845199.
Kyle, Robert A.; Shampo, Marc A. (September 1, 2001). "Justus von Liebig—Leading Teacher of Organic Chemistry". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 76 (9): 921–922. doi:10.4065/76.9.921 – via www.mayoclinicproceedings.org.
Beller, Matthias; Seayad, Jayasree; Tillack, Annegret; Jiao, Haijun (2004-06-28). "Catalytic Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov Functionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes: Recent Developments and Trends". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (26): 3368–3398. doi:10.1002/anie.200300616. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 15221826.
Hughes, Peter (2006). "Was Markovnikov's Rule an Inspired Guess?". Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (8): 1152. Bibcode:2006JChEd..83.1152H. doi:10.1021/ed083p1152. ISSN 0021-9584.
Jean-Louis Hérisson, Par; Chauvin, Yves (1971-02-09). "Catalyse de transformation des oléfines par les complexes du tungstène. II. Télomérisation des oléfines cycliques en présence d'oléfines acycliques". Die Makromolekulare Chemie. 141 (1): 161–176. doi:10.1002/macp.1971.021410112. ISSN 0025-116X.
Katsuki, Tsutomu (1980). "The first practical method for asymmetric epoxidation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 102 (18): 5974–5976. Bibcode:1980JAChS.102.5974K. doi:10.1021/ja00538a077.
Jacobsen, Eric N. (1988). "Asymmetric dihydroxylation via ligand-accelerated catalysis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 110 (6): 1968–1970. Bibcode:1988JAChS.110.1968J. doi:10.1021/ja00214a053.
Kolb, Hartmuth C. (1994). "Catalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation". Chemical Reviews. 94 (8): 2483–2547. doi:10.1021/cr00032a009.
Sharpless, K. Barry (1975). "New reaction. Stereospecific vicinal oxyamination of olefins by alkyl imido osmium compounds". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 97 (8): 2305–2307. Bibcode:1975JAChS..97.2305S. doi:10.1021/ja00841a071.
Herranz, Eugenio (1978). "Osmium-catalyzed vicinal oxyamination of olefins by N-chloro-N-argentocarbamates". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 100 (11): 3596–3598. Bibcode:1978JAChS.100.3596H. doi:10.1021/ja00479a051.
Borman, Stu (21 February 1994). "Total Synthesis of Anticancer Agent Taxol Achieved by Two Different Routes". Chemical & Engineering News. Vol. 72, no. 8. pp. 32–34. doi:10.1021/cen-v072n008.p032.

encyclopedia.com

"Karl Wilhelm Scheele | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.

euchems.org

"Proust, Joseph Louis (1754–1826)". 100 Distinguished Chemists. European Association for Chemical and Molecular Science. 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2007-02-23.

gla.ac.uk

chem.gla.ac.uk

Cooper, Alan (1999). "Joseph Black". History of Glasgow University Chemistry Department. University of Glasgow Department of Chemistry. Archived from the original on 2006-04-10. Retrieved 2006-02-23.

gold-eagle.com

"History of Gold". Gold Digest. Retrieved 2007-02-04.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Henshilwood, C. S.; d'Errico, F.; Van Niekerk, K. L.; Coquinot, Y.; Jacobs, Z.; Lauritzen, S. E.; Menu, M.; García-Moreno, R. (2011-10-15). "A 100,000-year-old ochre-processing workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa". Science. 334 (6053): 219–22. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..219H. doi:10.1126/science.1211535. PMID 21998386. S2CID 40455940.
Radivojević, Miljana; Rehren, Thilo; Pernicka, Ernst; Šljivar, Dušan; Brauns, Michael; Borić, Dušan (2010). "On the origins of extractive metallurgy: New evidence from Europe". Journal of Archaeological Science. 37 (11): 2775. Bibcode:2010JArSc..37.2775R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.012.
Principe, L. (2011). "In retrospect: The Sceptical Chymist". Nature. 469 (7328): 30–31. Bibcode:2011Natur.469...30P. doi:10.1038/469030a. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 6490305.
Pullman, Bernard (2004). The Atom in the History of Human Thought. Reisinger, Axel. USA: Oxford University Press Inc. Bibcode:1998ahht.book.....P. ISBN 978-0-19-511447-8.
Hughes, Peter (2006). "Was Markovnikov's Rule an Inspired Guess?". Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (8): 1152. Bibcode:2006JChEd..83.1152H. doi:10.1021/ed083p1152. ISSN 0021-9584.
Katsuki, Tsutomu (1980). "The first practical method for asymmetric epoxidation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 102 (18): 5974–5976. Bibcode:1980JAChS.102.5974K. doi:10.1021/ja00538a077.
Jacobsen, Eric N. (1988). "Asymmetric dihydroxylation via ligand-accelerated catalysis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 110 (6): 1968–1970. Bibcode:1988JAChS.110.1968J. doi:10.1021/ja00214a053.
Sharpless, K. Barry (1975). "New reaction. Stereospecific vicinal oxyamination of olefins by alkyl imido osmium compounds". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 97 (8): 2305–2307. Bibcode:1975JAChS..97.2305S. doi:10.1021/ja00841a071.
Herranz, Eugenio (1978). "Osmium-catalyzed vicinal oxyamination of olefins by N-chloro-N-argentocarbamates". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 100 (11): 3596–3598. Bibcode:1978JAChS.100.3596H. doi:10.1021/ja00479a051.

history-science-technology.com

Newman, William R. "New Light on the Identity of Geber", Sudhoffs Archiv, 1985, 69, pp. 76–90; Newman, William R. The Summa perfectionis of Pseudo-Geber: A critical edition, translation and study, Leiden: Brill, 1991, pp. 57–103. It has been argued by Ahmad Y. Al-Hassan that the pseudo-Geber works were actually translated into Latin from the Arabic (see Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. "The Arabic Origin of the Summa and Geber Latin Works: A Refutation of Berthelot, Ruska, and Newman Based on Arabic Sources", in: Ahmad Y. Al-Hassan. Studies in al-Kimya': Critical Issues in Latin and Arabic Alchemy and Chemistry. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 2009, pp. 53–104; also available online Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine).

humantouchofchemistry.com

"Famous Scientists - Marie-Anne Lavoisier". Archived from the original on 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2015-04-15.

ideafinder.com

"Inventor Alessandro Volta Biography". The Great Idea Finder. 2005. Retrieved 2007-02-23.

itia.info

"ITIA Newsletter" (PDF). International Tungsten Industry Association. June 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
"ITIA Newsletter" (PDF). International Tungsten Industry Association. December 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved 2008-06-18.

jstor.org

Photos, E., 'The Question of Meteorictic versus Smelted Nickel-Rich Iron: Archaeological Evidence and Experimental Results' World Archaeology Vol. 20, No. 3, Archaeometallurgy (February 1989), pp. 403–421. Online version accessed on 2010-02-08.
Marmura, Michael E.; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1965). "An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan Al-Safa'an, Al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina by Seyyed Hossein Nasr". Speculum. 40 (4): 744–746. doi:10.2307/2851429. JSTOR 2851429.

lemoyne.edu

web.lemoyne.edu

"Selected Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry". web.lemoyne.edu.
Gay-Lussac, J. L. (1802), "Recherches sur la dilatation des gaz et des vapeurs" [Researches on the expansion of gases and vapors], Annales de Chimie, 43: 137–175. English translation (extract).
On page 157, Gay-Lussac mentions the unpublished findings of Charles: "Avant d'aller plus loin, je dois prévenir que quoique j'eusse reconnu un grand nombre de fois que les gaz oxigène, azote, hydrogène et acide carbonique, et l'air atmosphérique se dilatent également depuis 0° jusqu'a 80°, le cit. Charles avait remarqué depuis 15 ans la même propriété dans ces gaz; mais n'avant jamais publié ses résultats, c'est par le plus grand hasard que je les ai connus." (Before going further, I should inform [you] that although I had recognized many times that the gases oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbonic acid [i.e., carbon dioxide], and atmospheric air also expand from 0° to 80°, citizen Charles had noticed 15 years ago the same property in these gases; but having never published his results, it is by the merest chance that I knew of them.)

mayoclinicproceedings.org

Kyle, Robert A.; Shampo, Marc A. (September 1, 2001). "Justus von Liebig—Leading Teacher of Organic Chemistry". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 76 (9): 921–922. doi:10.4065/76.9.921 – via www.mayoclinicproceedings.org.

mit.edu

classics.mit.edu

Lucretius. "de Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things)". The Internet Classics Archive. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2007-01-09.

nature.com

Corbyn, Zoë (2011-10-13). "African cave's ancient ochre lab". Nature News. doi:10.1038/news.2011.590. Retrieved 2018-10-04.
Watson, J. and Crick, F., "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids" Nature, April 25, 1953, p 737–8

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Henshilwood, C. S.; d'Errico, F.; Van Niekerk, K. L.; Coquinot, Y.; Jacobs, Z.; Lauritzen, S. E.; Menu, M.; García-Moreno, R. (2011-10-15). "A 100,000-year-old ochre-processing workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa". Science. 334 (6053): 219–22. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..219H. doi:10.1126/science.1211535. PMID 21998386. S2CID 40455940.
Beller, Matthias; Seayad, Jayasree; Tillack, Annegret; Jiao, Haijun (2004-06-28). "Catalytic Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov Functionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes: Recent Developments and Trends". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (26): 3368–3398. doi:10.1002/anie.200300616. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 15221826.

nist.gov

"Cornell and Wieman Share 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics". NIST News Release. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2007-03-27.

nobelprize.org

"Jacobus H. van 't Hoff: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901". Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901–1921. Elsevier Publishing Company. 1966. Retrieved 2007-02-28.
"Emil Fischer: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902". Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901–1921. Elsevier Publishing Company. 1966. Retrieved 2007-02-28.
"Alfred Werner: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913". Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901–1921. Elsevier Publishing Company. 1966. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
"Alfred Werner: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911". Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901–1921. Elsevier Publishing Company. 1967. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996". Nobelprize.org. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-02-28.

nytimes.com

Blakeslee, Sandra (15 February 1994). "Race to Synthesize Cancer Drug Molecule Has Photo Finish". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 August 2013.

orgsyn.org

Hill, J. G.; Sharpless, K. B.; Exon, C. M.; Regenye, R. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 7, p.461 (1990); Vol. 63, p.66 (1985). (Article)
Gonzalez, J.; Aurigemma, C.; Truesdale, L. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 10, p.603 (2004); Vol. 79, p.93 (2002). Article
Herranz, E.; Sharpless, K. B. Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 7, p.375 (1990); Vol. 61, p.85 (1983). Article

oxforddnb.com

David Knight, 'Davy, Sir Humphry, baronet (1778–1829)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 6 April 2008

parkland.edu

natsci.parkland.edu

"V. Markovnikov". natsci.parkland.edu. Retrieved 2022-11-29.

photometer.com

"Lambert-Beer Law". Sigrist-Photometer AG. 2007-03-07. Retrieved 2007-03-12.

picturehistory.com

"Benjamin Silliman, Jr. (1816–1885)". Picture History. Picture History LLC. 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

researchgate.net

Pernicka, Ernst; et al. (2015). "On the Invention of Gold Metallurgy: The Gold Objects from the Varna I Cemetery (Bulgaria)—Technological Consequence and Inventive Creativity". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 25 (1): 353–376. doi:10.1017/S0959774314001140.

runeberg.org

Nordisk familjebok – Cronstedt: "den moderna mineralogiens och geognosiens grundläggare" = "the modern mineralogy's and geognosie's founder"

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Henshilwood, C. S.; d'Errico, F.; Van Niekerk, K. L.; Coquinot, Y.; Jacobs, Z.; Lauritzen, S. E.; Menu, M.; García-Moreno, R. (2011-10-15). "A 100,000-year-old ochre-processing workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa". Science. 334 (6053): 219–22. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..219H. doi:10.1126/science.1211535. PMID 21998386. S2CID 40455940.
Radivojević, Miljana; Roberts, Benjamin W. (2021). "Early Balkan Metallurgy: Origins, Evolution and Society, 6200–3700 BC". Journal of World Prehistory. 34 (2): 195–278. doi:10.1007/s10963-021-09155-7. S2CID 237005605.
Norris, John A. (2006). "The Mineral Exhalation Theory of Metallogenesis in Pre-Modern Mineral Science". Ambix. 53: 43–65. doi:10.1179/174582306X93183. S2CID 97109455.
Principe, L. (2011). "In retrospect: The Sceptical Chymist". Nature. 469 (7328): 30–31. Bibcode:2011Natur.469...30P. doi:10.1038/469030a. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 6490305.
Ursula Klein (July 2007). "Styles of Experimentation and Alchemical Matter Theory in the Scientific Revolution". Metascience. 16 (2): 247–256 [247]. doi:10.1007/s11016-007-9095-8. ISSN 1467-9981. S2CID 170194372.
Davy, Humphry (January 1, 1814). "Some Experiments and Observations on a New Substance Which Becomes a Violet Coloured Gas by Heat". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 104: 74. doi:10.1098/rstl.1814.0007. S2CID 109845199.

southasiaarchive.com

Stapleton, Henry E.; Azo, R.F.; Hidayat Husain, M. (1927). "Chemistry in Iraq and Persia in the Tenth Century A.D." Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. VIII (6): 317–418. OCLC 706947607. pp. 338–340; Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) vol. II, pp. 41–42.

st-and.ac.uk

www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk

O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E.F. (1997). "Josiah Willard Gibbs". MacTutor. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

sthenocorp.com

"History of Chirality". Stheno Corporation. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-03-07. Retrieved 2007-03-12.

stonepages.com

Neolithic Vinca was a metallurgical culture Archived 2017-09-19 at the Wayback Machine Stonepages from news sources November 2007

thechemicalengineer.com

Flavell-While, Claudia. "Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch – Feed the World". www.thechemicalengineer.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.

ucc.ie

understandingscience.ucc.ie

"Robert Boyle". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2008-11-04.

uiuc.edu

scs.uiuc.edu

Swain, Patricia A. (2005). "Bernard Courtois (1777–1838) famed for discovering iodine (1811), and his life in Paris from 1798" (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 30 (2): 103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-14. Retrieved 2013-06-14.

unt.edu

chemistry.unt.edu

Marshall, James L.; Marshall, Virginia R. (Autumn 2005). "Rediscovery of the Elements: Agricola" (PDF). The Hexagon. 96 (3). Alpha Chi Sigma: 59. ISSN 0164-6109. OCLC 4478114. Retrieved 7 January 2024.

up.edu

faculty.up.edu

Asarnow, Herman (2005-08-08). "Sir Francis Bacon: Empiricism". An Image-Oriented Introduction to Backgrounds for English Renaissance Literature. University of Portland. Archived from the original on 2007-02-01. Retrieved 2007-02-22.

utm.edu

iep.utm.edu

Simpson, David (29 June 2005). "Lucretius (c. 99 – c. 55 BCE)". The Internet History of Philosophy. Retrieved 2007-01-09.

web.archive.org

Neolithic Vinca was a metallurgical culture Archived 2017-09-19 at the Wayback Machine Stonepages from news sources November 2007
The History of Ancient Chemistry Archived 2015-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
Newman, William R. "New Light on the Identity of Geber", Sudhoffs Archiv, 1985, 69, pp. 76–90; Newman, William R. The Summa perfectionis of Pseudo-Geber: A critical edition, translation and study, Leiden: Brill, 1991, pp. 57–103. It has been argued by Ahmad Y. Al-Hassan that the pseudo-Geber works were actually translated into Latin from the Arabic (see Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. "The Arabic Origin of the Summa and Geber Latin Works: A Refutation of Berthelot, Ruska, and Newman Based on Arabic Sources", in: Ahmad Y. Al-Hassan. Studies in al-Kimya': Critical Issues in Latin and Arabic Alchemy and Chemistry. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag, 2009, pp. 53–104; also available online Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine).
Asarnow, Herman (2005-08-08). "Sir Francis Bacon: Empiricism". An Image-Oriented Introduction to Backgrounds for English Renaissance Literature. University of Portland. Archived from the original on 2007-02-01. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
"Robert Boyle". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
Acott, Chris (1999). "The diving "Law-ers": A brief resume of their lives". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 29 (1). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Archived from the original on April 2, 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
Cooper, Alan (1999). "Joseph Black". History of Glasgow University Chemistry Department. University of Glasgow Department of Chemistry. Archived from the original on 2006-04-10. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
"ITIA Newsletter" (PDF). International Tungsten Industry Association. June 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
"ITIA Newsletter" (PDF). International Tungsten Industry Association. December 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
"Famous Scientists - Marie-Anne Lavoisier". Archived from the original on 2015-04-17. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
"Proust, Joseph Louis (1754–1826)". 100 Distinguished Chemists. European Association for Chemical and Molecular Science. 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
Swain, Patricia A. (2005). "Bernard Courtois (1777–1838) famed for discovering iodine (1811), and his life in Paris from 1798" (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 30 (2): 103. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-14. Retrieved 2013-06-14.
"History of Chirality". Stheno Corporation. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-03-07. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
"Benjamin Silliman, Jr. (1816–1885)". Picture History. Picture History LLC. 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
Flavell-While, Claudia. "Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch – Feed the World". www.thechemicalengineer.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
"Benjamin Franklin Medal awarded to Dr. Sumio Iijima, Director of the Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, AIST". National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-04-04. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
"Cornell and Wieman Share 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics". NIST News Release. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Retrieved 2007-03-27.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Beller, Matthias; Seayad, Jayasree; Tillack, Annegret; Jiao, Haijun (2004-06-28). "Catalytic Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov Functionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes: Recent Developments and Trends". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (26): 3368–3398. doi:10.1002/anie.200300616. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 15221826.

wolfram.com

scienceworld.wolfram.com

Lavoisier, Antoine (1743–1794) – from Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography, ScienceWorld
Weisstein, Eric W. (1996). "Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906)". Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography. Wolfram Research Products. Retrieved 2007-03-24.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Stapleton, Henry E.; Azo, R.F.; Hidayat Husain, M. (1927). "Chemistry in Iraq and Persia in the Tenth Century A.D." Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. VIII (6): 317–418. OCLC 706947607. pp. 338–340; Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) vol. II, pp. 41–42.
Marshall, James L.; Marshall, Virginia R. (Autumn 2005). "Rediscovery of the Elements: Agricola" (PDF). The Hexagon. 96 (3). Alpha Chi Sigma: 59. ISSN 0164-6109. OCLC 4478114. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
Acott, Chris (1999). "The diving "Law-ers": A brief resume of their lives". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 29 (1). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Archived from the original on April 2, 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2009.
Principe, L. (2011). "In retrospect: The Sceptical Chymist". Nature. 469 (7328): 30–31. Bibcode:2011Natur.469...30P. doi:10.1038/469030a. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 6490305.
Ursula Klein (July 2007). "Styles of Experimentation and Alchemical Matter Theory in the Scientific Revolution". Metascience. 16 (2): 247–256 [247]. doi:10.1007/s11016-007-9095-8. ISSN 1467-9981. S2CID 170194372.
Beller, Matthias; Seayad, Jayasree; Tillack, Annegret; Jiao, Haijun (2004-06-28). "Catalytic Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov Functionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes: Recent Developments and Trends". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (26): 3368–3398. doi:10.1002/anie.200300616. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 15221826.
Hughes, Peter (2006). "Was Markovnikov's Rule an Inspired Guess?". Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (8): 1152. Bibcode:2006JChEd..83.1152H. doi:10.1021/ed083p1152. ISSN 0021-9584.
Jean-Louis Hérisson, Par; Chauvin, Yves (1971-02-09). "Catalyse de transformation des oléfines par les complexes du tungstène. II. Télomérisation des oléfines cycliques en présence d'oléfines acycliques". Die Makromolekulare Chemie. 141 (1): 161–176. doi:10.1002/macp.1971.021410112. ISSN 0025-116X.

zenodo.org

Davy, Humphry (January 1, 1814). "Some Experiments and Observations on a New Substance Which Becomes a Violet Coloured Gas by Heat". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 104: 74. doi:10.1098/rstl.1814.0007. S2CID 109845199.