Involuntary commitment (English Wikipedia)

Hamilton-Smith, Guy (2018-11-16). "The Endless Punishment of Civil Commitment". Just Future Project. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
Signorelli, Nina (2020-07-09). "A Backdoor Around Double Jeopardy". Just Future Project. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
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"Detaining patients against wishes carries legal risks - amednews.com". American Medical News. 2010-08-11. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-13.

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Hampson, Rick (June 3, 1991). "Whatever Happened to Billie Boggs?". AP News. Archived from the original on September 30, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
"Deaf Man To Be Released After 67 Years In Psychiatric Hospital". AP News. Nov 10, 1992.

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Wright, Gary (June 24, 1993). "Now 95, deaf man was castrated, locked up for decades".

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eprints.bbk.ac.uk

Scull, Andrew (2021). Ikkos, George; Bouras, Nick (eds.). Mind, State and Society: Social History of Psychiatry and Mental Health in Britain 1960–2010 (PDF). Cambridge University Press. pp. 306–307. doi:10.1017/9781911623793. ISBN 978-1-911623-79-3.

books.google.com

Basant Puri; Robert Brown; Heather McKee; Ian Treasaden (28 July 2017). Mental Health Law 2EA Practical Guide. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4441-4975-3.
Dear, Michael J.; Wolch, Jennifer R. (1987). Landscapes of Despair: From Deinstitutionalization to Homelessness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Legacy Library. ISBN 9781400858965.
Yanni, Carla (2007). The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-4939-6.
Kasindorf, Jeanie (May 2, 1988). The Real Story of Billie Boggs. New York. pp. 36–44. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
Tucker, William H. (2002). The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. University of Illinois Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-252-02762-8. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.

britannica.com

The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (12 June 2013). "Edouard Seguin (American psychiatrist)". Encyclopædia Britannica.

case.law

cite.case.law

Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346, 361 (1997) ("The thrust of Hendricks' argument is that the Act establishes criminal proceedings; hence confinement under it necessarily constitutes punishment. He contends that where, as here, newly enacted 'punishment' is predicated upon past conduct for which he has already been convicted and forced to serve a prison sentence, the Constitution's Double Jeopardy and Ex Post Facto Clauses are violated. We are unpersuaded by Hendricks' argument that Kansas has established criminal proceedings.").

cbc.ca

"Duplessis orphans seek proof of medical experiments". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Jun 18, 2004. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018.

ct.gov

cga.ct.gov

Orlando, James (Jan 24, 2013). "Involuntary Civil Commitment and Patients' Rights". Connecticut General Assembly. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015.

currentpsychiatry.com

Henry A. Nasrallah (December 2011). "The antipsychiatry movement: Who and why" (PDF). Current Psychiatry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-07. Retrieved 2013-08-14.

doi.org

Rains, Luke Sheridan; Zenina, Tatiana; Dias, Marisa Casanova; Jones, Rebecca; Jeffreys, Stephen; Branthonne-Foster, Stella; Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor; Johnson, Sonia (2019-05-01). "Variations in patterns of involuntary hospitalisation and in legal frameworks: an international comparative study". The Lancet Psychiatry. 6 (5): 403–417. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30090-2. ISSN 2215-0366. PMC 6475657. PMID 30954479.
Macgregor, Aisha; Brown, Michael; Stavert, Jill (2019-04-16). "Are mental health tribunals operating in accordance with international human rights standards? A systematic review of the international literature". Health & Social Care in the Community. 27 (4). Wiley: e494 – e513. doi:10.1111/hsc.12749. ISSN 0966-0410. PMID 30993806.
Thom, Katey; Nakarada-Kordic, Ivana (2013-05-22). "Mental Health Review Tribunals in Action: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature". Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. 21 (1). Informa UK Limited: 112–126. doi:10.1080/13218719.2013.790004. ISSN 1321-8719. S2CID 143237902.
Kitchener, Betty A.; Jorm, Anthony F. (1 October 2002). "Mental health first aid training for the public: evaluation of effects on knowledge, attitudes and helping behaviour". BMC Psychiatry. 2: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-2-10. PMC 130043. PMID 12359045.
Kitchener, Betty A.; Jorm, Anthony F. (February 2008). "Mental health first aid: an international program for early intervention". Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 2 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00056.x. PMID 21352133. S2CID 11813019.
Fazel, Seena; Gulati, Gautam; Linsell, Louise; Geddes, John R.; Grann, Martin (2009-08-11). McGrath, John (ed.). "Schizophrenia and Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLOS Medicine. 6 (8). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e1000120. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000120. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 2718581. PMID 19668362.
Harding, C.M.; Brooks, G.W.; Ashikaga, T.; Strauss, J.S.; Breier, A. (June 1987). "The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness, I: Methodology, study sample, and overall status 32 years later". American Journal of Psychiatry. 144 (6): 718–26. doi:10.1176/ajp.144.6.718. PMID 3591991.
Unsworth, Clive (Winter 1993). "Law and Lunacy in Psychiatry's 'Golden Age'". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 13 (4): 482. doi:10.1093/ojls/13.4.479.
Scull, Andrew (2021). Ikkos, George; Bouras, Nick (eds.). Mind, State and Society: Social History of Psychiatry and Mental Health in Britain 1960–2010 (PDF). Cambridge University Press. pp. 306–307. doi:10.1017/9781911623793. ISBN 978-1-911623-79-3.
Desai, Nimesh G. (2005). "Antipsychiatry: Meeting the challenge". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 47 (4): 185–187. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.43048. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 2921130. PMID 20711302.

exeter.ac.uk

dcmh.exeter.ac.uk

Devon County Mental Hospital website, De-institutionalisation and beyond

gothamist.com

Kim, Elizabeth (November 30, 2022). "New NYC policy to address mental illness will force more people to hospitals. Here's what to know". Gothamist. Archived from the original on November 30, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022.

greensboro.com

Swofford, Stan (Jan 30, 1993). "Locked up and castrated for a crime he wasn't convicted of".

heinonline.org

Unsworth, Clive (Winter 1993). "Law and Lunacy in Psychiatry's 'Golden Age'". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 13 (4): 482. doi:10.1093/ojls/13.4.479.

historic-hospitals.com

Historic Hospitals website, Asylums in the United Kingdom in 1898

ijissh.org

Ponzio, Peter J. (March 2019). "Ineffective Institutions in Dickens's Hard Times" (PDF). International Journal of Innovative Studies in Sociology and Humanities. 4 (3): 93.

jaapl.org

Appelbaum, Paul S. (June 1997). "Almost a Revolution: An International Perspective on the Law of Involuntary Commitment". Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 25 (2): 135–147. PMID 9213286.

mentalhealthfirstaid.org

"About". Mental Health First Aid USA. National Council for Behavioral Health. 2013-10-10. Retrieved 2013-12-21.

mentalillnesspolicy.org

A Guide to Laura's Law: California's Law for Assisted Outpatient Treatment (PDF). The California Treatment Advocacy Coalition & The Treatment Advocacy Center. 2009.

mind.org.uk

"What are your legal rights if you are sectioned". Mind. July 2020.

news.google.com

"Negro Pastor Pronounced Sane; Demands Mississippi Apologize". UPI. Sarasota Journal 20 June 1958: 3.

nhs.uk

"Mental Health Act". UK NHS. 7 September 2022.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rains, Luke Sheridan; Zenina, Tatiana; Dias, Marisa Casanova; Jones, Rebecca; Jeffreys, Stephen; Branthonne-Foster, Stella; Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor; Johnson, Sonia (2019-05-01). "Variations in patterns of involuntary hospitalisation and in legal frameworks: an international comparative study". The Lancet Psychiatry. 6 (5): 403–417. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30090-2. ISSN 2215-0366. PMC 6475657. PMID 30954479.
Macgregor, Aisha; Brown, Michael; Stavert, Jill (2019-04-16). "Are mental health tribunals operating in accordance with international human rights standards? A systematic review of the international literature". Health & Social Care in the Community. 27 (4). Wiley: e494 – e513. doi:10.1111/hsc.12749. ISSN 0966-0410. PMID 30993806.
Kitchener, Betty A.; Jorm, Anthony F. (1 October 2002). "Mental health first aid training for the public: evaluation of effects on knowledge, attitudes and helping behaviour". BMC Psychiatry. 2: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-2-10. PMC 130043. PMID 12359045.
Kitchener, Betty A.; Jorm, Anthony F. (February 2008). "Mental health first aid: an international program for early intervention". Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 2 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00056.x. PMID 21352133. S2CID 11813019.
Appelbaum, Paul S. (June 1997). "Almost a Revolution: An International Perspective on the Law of Involuntary Commitment". Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 25 (2): 135–147. PMID 9213286.
Fazel, Seena; Gulati, Gautam; Linsell, Louise; Geddes, John R.; Grann, Martin (2009-08-11). McGrath, John (ed.). "Schizophrenia and Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLOS Medicine. 6 (8). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e1000120. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000120. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 2718581. PMID 19668362.
Sansone, Randy A.; Sansone, Lori (March 9, 2012). "Borderline Personality and Externalized Aggression". Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 9 (3): 23–26. PMC 3342993. PMID 22567607.
Harding, C.M.; Brooks, G.W.; Ashikaga, T.; Strauss, J.S.; Breier, A. (June 1987). "The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness, I: Methodology, study sample, and overall status 32 years later". American Journal of Psychiatry. 144 (6): 718–26. doi:10.1176/ajp.144.6.718. PMID 3591991.
Testa, Megan; West, Sara G. (October 2010). "Civil Commitment in the United States". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 7 (10): 30–40. ISSN 1550-5952. PMC 3392176. PMID 22778709.
Desai, Nimesh G. (2005). "Antipsychiatry: Meeting the challenge". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 47 (4): 185–187. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.43048. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 2921130. PMID 20711302.
Testa, Megan; West, Sara G. (October 2010). "Civil Commitment in the United States". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 7 (10): 30–40. ISSN 1550-5952. PMC 3392176. PMID 22778709.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rains, Luke Sheridan; Zenina, Tatiana; Dias, Marisa Casanova; Jones, Rebecca; Jeffreys, Stephen; Branthonne-Foster, Stella; Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor; Johnson, Sonia (2019-05-01). "Variations in patterns of involuntary hospitalisation and in legal frameworks: an international comparative study". The Lancet Psychiatry. 6 (5): 403–417. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30090-2. ISSN 2215-0366. PMC 6475657. PMID 30954479.
Kitchener, Betty A.; Jorm, Anthony F. (1 October 2002). "Mental health first aid training for the public: evaluation of effects on knowledge, attitudes and helping behaviour". BMC Psychiatry. 2: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-2-10. PMC 130043. PMID 12359045.
Fazel, Seena; Gulati, Gautam; Linsell, Louise; Geddes, John R.; Grann, Martin (2009-08-11). McGrath, John (ed.). "Schizophrenia and Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLOS Medicine. 6 (8). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e1000120. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000120. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 2718581. PMID 19668362.
Sansone, Randy A.; Sansone, Lori (March 9, 2012). "Borderline Personality and Externalized Aggression". Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 9 (3): 23–26. PMC 3342993. PMID 22567607.
Testa, Megan; West, Sara G. (October 2010). "Civil Commitment in the United States". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 7 (10): 30–40. ISSN 1550-5952. PMC 3392176. PMID 22778709.
Desai, Nimesh G. (2005). "Antipsychiatry: Meeting the challenge". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 47 (4): 185–187. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.43048. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 2921130. PMID 20711302.
Testa, Megan; West, Sara G. (October 2010). "Civil Commitment in the United States". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 7 (10): 30–40. ISSN 1550-5952. PMC 3392176. PMID 22778709.

nuffieldtrust.org.uk

Nuffield Trust website, National Health Service History section, The Rt Hon J Enoch Powell, Minister of Health - Address to the National Association of Mental Health Annual Conference, 9 March 1961

nytimes.com

Newman, Andy (2022-12-02). "35 Years of Efforts to Address Mental Illness on New York Streets". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
Farnsworth, Clyde H. (1993-05-21). "Orphans of the 1950s, Telling of Abuse, Sue Quebec". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-14.

prisonlegalnews.org

"Assessing the Real Risk of Sexually Violent Predators: Doctor Padilla's Dangerous Data, Tamara Rice Lave and Franklin E. Zimring, 2018". Prison Legal News. Retrieved 2020-12-03.

rcpsych.ac.uk

"Being sectioned (in England and Wales)". Royal College of Psychiatrists. August 2013.

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Kanu, Hassan (2022-12-08). "New York plan for forced 'removal' of mentally ill tests limits of the law". Reuters. Retrieved July 10, 2023.

semanticscholar.org

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Thom, Katey; Nakarada-Kordic, Ivana (2013-05-22). "Mental Health Review Tribunals in Action: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature". Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. 21 (1). Informa UK Limited: 112–126. doi:10.1080/13218719.2013.790004. ISSN 1321-8719. S2CID 143237902.
Kitchener, Betty A.; Jorm, Anthony F. (February 2008). "Mental health first aid: an international program for early intervention". Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 2 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00056.x. PMID 21352133. S2CID 11813019.

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studymore.org.uk

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texasbar.com

Texas Young Lawyers Association (January 2008). "Committed To Healing: Involuntary Commitment Procedures" (PDF). Austin, TX: State Bar of Texas. p. 2. The law provides a process known as Involuntary Commitment. Involuntary commitment is the use of legal means to commit a person to a mental hospital or psychiatric ward against their will or over their protests.

thompsononeillaw.com

"Can an involuntary commitment be false imprisonment if it is not malpractice?: Thompson O'neil Law". Thompson & O'Neil Law. Archived from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved 2020-07-13.

treatmentadvocacycenter.org

"Kendra's Law: Results from New York's First Ten Years with Assisted Outpatient Treatment". Treatment Advocacy Center. Retrieved August 2, 2020.

umw.edu

scholar.umw.edu

Oliver, Adrienne (May 9, 2018). "Challenging Society in Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist and Bleak House". Eagle Scholar, University of Mary Washington Research. Archived from the original on June 3, 2024. Retrieved October 30, 2024.

un.org

UN General Assembly (17 December 1991). "A/RES/46/119: Principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and the improvement of mental health care". United Nations. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
"Mental Health and Development". United Nations. Retrieved August 2, 2020.

unchealthcare.org

"UNC study: Mental illness by itself does not predict future violent behavior". UNC Health Care. February 2, 2009. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2009.

web.archive.org

Kasindorf, Jeanie (May 2, 1988). The Real Story of Billie Boggs. New York. pp. 36–44. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
Hampson, Rick (June 3, 1991). "Whatever Happened to Billie Boggs?". AP News. Archived from the original on September 30, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
Kim, Elizabeth (November 30, 2022). "New NYC policy to address mental illness will force more people to hospitals. Here's what to know". Gothamist. Archived from the original on November 30, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
Oliver, Adrienne (May 9, 2018). "Challenging Society in Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist and Bleak House". Eagle Scholar, University of Mary Washington Research. Archived from the original on June 3, 2024. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
"UNC study: Mental illness by itself does not predict future violent behavior". UNC Health Care. February 2, 2009. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
Henry A. Nasrallah (December 2011). "The antipsychiatry movement: Who and why" (PDF). Current Psychiatry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-07. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
"Duplessis orphans seek proof of medical experiments". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Jun 18, 2004. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018.
Farnsworth, Clyde H. (1993-05-21). "Orphans of the 1950s, Telling of Abuse, Sue Quebec". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-14.
Tucker, William H. (2002). The Funding of Scientific Racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. University of Illinois Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-252-02762-8. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
"Detaining patients against wishes carries legal risks - amednews.com". American Medical News. 2010-08-11. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
Orlando, James (Jan 24, 2013). "Involuntary Civil Commitment and Patients' Rights". Connecticut General Assembly. Archived from the original on March 20, 2015.
"Can an involuntary commitment be false imprisonment if it is not malpractice?: Thompson O'neil Law". Thompson & O'Neil Law. Archived from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved 2020-07-13.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Rains, Luke Sheridan; Zenina, Tatiana; Dias, Marisa Casanova; Jones, Rebecca; Jeffreys, Stephen; Branthonne-Foster, Stella; Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor; Johnson, Sonia (2019-05-01). "Variations in patterns of involuntary hospitalisation and in legal frameworks: an international comparative study". The Lancet Psychiatry. 6 (5): 403–417. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30090-2. ISSN 2215-0366. PMC 6475657. PMID 30954479.
Macgregor, Aisha; Brown, Michael; Stavert, Jill (2019-04-16). "Are mental health tribunals operating in accordance with international human rights standards? A systematic review of the international literature". Health & Social Care in the Community. 27 (4). Wiley: e494 – e513. doi:10.1111/hsc.12749. ISSN 0966-0410. PMID 30993806.
Thom, Katey; Nakarada-Kordic, Ivana (2013-05-22). "Mental Health Review Tribunals in Action: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature". Psychiatry, Psychology and Law. 21 (1). Informa UK Limited: 112–126. doi:10.1080/13218719.2013.790004. ISSN 1321-8719. S2CID 143237902.
Kitchener, Betty; Jorm, Anthony; Kelly, Claire (2010). Mental Health First Aid Manual (2nd ed.). Parkville, Victoria: ORYGEN Youth Health Resource Centre. ISBN 978-0-9805541-3-7. OCLC 608074743.
Fazel, Seena; Gulati, Gautam; Linsell, Louise; Geddes, John R.; Grann, Martin (2009-08-11). McGrath, John (ed.). "Schizophrenia and Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLOS Medicine. 6 (8). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e1000120. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000120. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 2718581. PMID 19668362.
Shorter, E. (1997). A history of psychiatry: from the era of the asylum to the age of Prozac. New York: Wiley. pp. 34, 41. ISBN 0-471-15749-X. OCLC 34513743.
Newman, Andy (2022-12-02). "35 Years of Efforts to Address Mental Illness on New York Streets". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
Hendin, Herbert (1996). Suicide in America. W. W. Norton. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-393-31368-0. OCLC 37916353.
Testa, Megan; West, Sara G. (October 2010). "Civil Commitment in the United States". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 7 (10): 30–40. ISSN 1550-5952. PMC 3392176. PMID 22778709.
Desai, Nimesh G. (2005). "Antipsychiatry: Meeting the challenge". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 47 (4): 185–187. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.43048. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 2921130. PMID 20711302.
Testa, Megan; West, Sara G. (October 2010). "Civil Commitment in the United States". Psychiatry (Edgmont). 7 (10): 30–40. ISSN 1550-5952. PMC 3392176. PMID 22778709.
Caute, David (2005). The dancer defects: The struggle for cultural supremacy during the Cold War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-19-927883-1. OCLC 434472173.
Farnsworth, Clyde H. (1993-05-21). "Orphans of the 1950s, Telling of Abuse, Sue Quebec". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-14.