LGBT rights in Japan (English Wikipedia)

Childs, Margaret (1980). "Chigo Monogatari: Love Stories or Buddhist Sermons?". Monumenta Nipponica. Sophia University. 35: 127–51. doi:10.2307/2384336.
Kawasaka, Kazuyoshi; Würrer, Stefan, eds. (2024). Beyond Diversity: Queer Politics, Activism, and Representation in Contemporary Japan. Düsseldorf University Press. p. 5. doi:10.1515/9783110767995. ISBN 9783110767995.

dpa-international.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kambayashi, Takehiko (26 July 2017). "LGBT politicians in Japan seek to promote awareness, secure rights". DPA International. Archived from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.

france24.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 362^nd place)

"After gender change, a bureaucratic brick wall in Japan". France 24. 19 February 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

fridae.asia (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Japan to allow its citizens same-sex marriage - with foreign partners". www.fridae.asia. Retrieved 25 June 2019.

gale-sig.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kinkade, Tyler; Endo, Shunpei (2021). "LGBT who? Crosslinguistic influence in sociosexual and gender literacy" (PDF). Gender Awareness in Language Education Journal. 13: 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.

gaystarnews.com (Global: 8,651^st place; English: 5,966^th place)

Andrew Potts (11 September 2013). "Osaka district becomes first Japanese government area to support LGBT inclusion". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
"A Japanese region has made it illegal to out someone as LGBT+". Gay Star News. 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
Glauert, Rik (26 June 2019). "Japan's ruling party reveals draft 'LGBT understanding' bill". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.

gaytimes.co.uk (Global: 6,464^th place; English: 3,817^th place)

Damshenas, Sam (25 July 2019). "Japan's first openly gay male member of parliament vows to legalise same-sex marriage". Gay Times.

georgetownvoice.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Yale Professor Nakamura discusses Japanese transgender identity and disability". The Georgetown Voice. 23 October 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

gladxx.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nikkei (2 September 2013). "大阪市淀川区がLGBT支援宣言 (Yodogawa-ku passes LGBT support declaration)". GladXX.

globalrights.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Violations of the Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Persons in Japan" (PDF). Global Rights. October 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2015.

h-net.org (Global: 5,516^th place; English: 3,610^th place)

"H-Net Reviews". H-net.org. May 2000. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
"H-Net Reviews". H-net.org. Archived from the original on 27 June 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2011.

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,313^th place; English: 884^th place)

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

hokkaido-np.co.jp (Global: 2,673^rd place; English: low place)

茨城、ＬＧＢＴ差別禁止を明文化男女参画条例を改正. Hokkaido Shimbun (in Japanese). 25 March 2019. ^{[permanent dead link]}

hrw.org (Global: 601^st place; English: 472^nd place)

"Proposed Japanese Fertility Law Discriminates Against Lesbians, Single Women". 6 December 2022.
"Japan: Governor Should Retract Homophobic Comments | Human Rights Watch". Hrw.org. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Tokyo: New Law Bars LGBT Discrimination. Human Rights Watch, 5 October 2018
"Japan: Introduce LGBT Non-Discrimination Law". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
"Japan: Anti-Bullying Policy to Protect LGBT Students". 24 March 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
"Human Rights Watch Letter to Japanese Authorities Re: Trans University Students". Human Rights Watch. 20 October 2020.
"Victory for Transgender Rights in Japan | Human Rights Watch". 25 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.

huffingtonpost.jp (Global: 2,937^th place; English: low place)

Sekawa, Kaori (2 May 2016). "尾木ママ「学校で必ずLGBTを教えています」東京レインボープライド2016開幕". Huffpost Japan. Retrieved 7 January 2020.

hurights.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sam Shoushi (25 March 2008). "Japan and Sexual Minorities | ヒューライツ大阪". Hurights.or.jp. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

ilga.org (Global: 6,632^nd place; English: 5,866^th place)

"ILGA State sponsored homophobia 2008.doc" (PDF). Ilga.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Japan: Human Rights Violation against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Persons" (PDF). ILGA. April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2020.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

"Japan becomes first country in the world to elect transgender man to a public office". Independent.co.uk. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2018.

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

Joplin, Kat (10 December 2023). "Politics and pageantry for Japan's LGBTQ community in 2023". The Japan Times. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
"Japan court rules same-sex marriage ban constitutional, but advocates hold out hope". The Japan Times. 30 November 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
"Why Nintendo's support for same-sex marriage is a major level up". The Japan Times. 6 August 2022. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
"Osaka the first city in Japan to certify gay couple as foster parents". 6 April 2017. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2018 – via Japan Times Online.
Fabre, Olivier (19 June 2019). "Liberal Democratic Party and tradition may stymie push for same-sex marriage in Japan". The Japan Times.
Tokyo adopts ordinance banning discrimination against LGBT community. The Japan Times, 5 October 2018
"Panel of Japan's ruling LDP to seek early passage of law on LGBT understanding". The Japan Times. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
"Japan's parliament passes watered-down LGBTQ understanding bill". The Japan Times. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
Osumi, Magdalena (21 June 2021). "Couple sues Japanese government for not recognizing gender transition". The Japan Times. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
"Japan's social security net for transgender people improving but obstacles loom for seniors". 14 June 2018. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019 – via Japan Times Online.
"Transgender woman referred to prosecutors for using women's washroom in Osaka". The Japan Times. 7 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
"Supreme Court hands down landmark decision on transgender rights". The Japan Times. 25 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
"Setagaya OKs transsexual's election bid". The Japan Times News. 21 April 2003.
Fabre, Olivier (19 June 2019). "Liberal Democratic Party and tradition may stymie push for same-sex marriage in Japan". Retrieved 25 June 2019 – via Japan Times Online.
"Tomomi Inada's uphill battle to 'promote understanding' of LGBT issues in Japan". The Japan Times. 21 March 2019.
"Japan hospital denies LGBTQ woman support for IVF pregnancy". The Japan Times. Retrieved 7 November 2023.

japantoday.com (Global: 4,588^th place; English: 3,242^nd place)

Snow, Nancy (30 September 2017). "Japan's race for the LGBT gold in Asia". Japan Today. Retrieved 16 October 2017.

jetro.go.jp (Global: 5,972^nd place; English: low place)

"Rules of Employment (sample)" (PDF).

jrc.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

エイズ、肝炎などのウイルス保有者、またはそれと疑われる方 (in Japanese). Japanese Red Cross Society. Retrieved 14 June 2016. ... 輸血を必要とする患者さんへの感染を防ぐため、過去6カ月間に下記に該当する方は、献血をご遠慮いただいています。... 男性どうしの性的接触があった。 (Translation: To prevent infecting patients requiring blood transfusion, those who match any of the following within the last six months should refrain from donating blood. ... Sexual contact between two males.)
エイズ、肝炎などのウイルス保有者、またはそれと疑われる方 (in Japanese). Japanese Red Cross Society. Retrieved 14 June 2016. ... 輸血を必要とする患者さんへの感染を防ぐため、過去6カ月間に下記に該当する方は、献血をご遠慮いただいています。... 不特定の異性または新たな異性との性的接触があった。 (Translation: To prevent infecting patients requiring blood transfusion, those who match any of the following within the last six months should refrain from donating blood. ... Sexual contact with an unspecified member of the opposite sex or a new member of the opposite sex.)

jspn.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"性別不合に関する診断と治療のガイドライン｜公益社団法人日本精神神経学会". www.jspn.or.jp. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
"性別不合に関する診断と治療のガイドライン (第 5 版)" (PDF). The Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology. August 2024. pp. 16–18.

kyodonews.net (Global: 3,001^st place; English: 1,894^th place)

english.kyodonews.net

"38% of LGBT people in Japan sexually harassed or assaulted: survey". Kyodo News. 27 December 2020.

lgbtqnation.com (Global: 7,797^th place; English: 4,549^th place)

"UN votes to renew LGBTQ+ expert's mandate just after the US withdrew from Human Rights Council". lgbtqnation.com. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
Bollinger, Alex (4 November 2022). "Same-sex couples in Tokyo can now get domestic partnerships". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
Bollinger, Alex. "Police refer trans woman to prosecutors for using women's bathroom". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved 1 February 2022.

mainichi.jp (Global: 257^th place; English: 1,209^th place)

"Japan's first transgender prefectural assembly member elected in Hokkaido". Mainichi Shimbun. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
"LDP panel booklet calling homosexuality a 'mental disease' sparks backlash in Japan". Mainichi Daily News. 7 July 2022.

marriageforall.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"日本維新の会の国会議員の皆さまと同性婚に関するオンラインでの意見交換勉強会を開催しました！". 結婚の自由をすべての人に - Marriage for All Japan - (in Japanese). 9 February 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.

minnano-partnership.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"パートナーシップ制度一覧 | みんなのパートナーシップ制度". みんなのパートナーシップ制度 | 日本全国の最新の普及率・制度内容が分かる (in Japanese). Retrieved 23 April 2023.

minuskakugo.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Anonymous (21 April 2015). "Sakurai Sho Reveals That He Wants to Get Married; Wotas Upset". Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.

muumuse.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bradley Stern (7 May 2018). "Ayumi Hamasaki, Gay Icon, Performs at 2018 Tokyo Rainbow Pride". Retrieved 7 January 2020.

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

"Japan PM apologizes to LGBTQ activists over ex-aide's remark - The former aide told reporters this month that he wouldn't want to live next to LGBTQ people and claimed citizens would flee Japan if gays could marry". NBC News. 18 February 2023.

nhk.or.jp (Global: 202^nd place; English: 1,062^nd place)

www3.nhk.or.jp

日本放送協会. "同性婚認めないのは憲法違反違憲判断は全国2件目名古屋地裁". NHK NEWS WEB (in Japanese). Retrieved 16 October 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
日本放送協会. ""同性婚認められないのは憲法に違反せず" 大阪地裁 | NHK". NHKニュース. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
日本放送協会. "同性婚法制度ないのは違憲状態も憲法には違反せず東京地裁 | NHK". NHKニュース. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
"Wakayama Prefecture partnership system to be introduced within this fiscal year". NHK. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
"Constitutional Democrats unveil campaign promises - NHK WORLD-JAPAN News". NHK WORLD. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.

nhk.or.jp

日本放送協会. "同性婚認めないのは違憲の初判断国への賠償は退ける札幌地裁". NHK政治マガジン (in Japanese). Retrieved 27 February 2023.

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195^th place; English: 1,046^th place)

webcatplus.nii.ac.jp

"Kampf um das soziale Ordnungsgefüge - Webcat Plus". Webcatplus.nii.ac.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 21 July 2017.

nijiironews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"2018 LGBT News in Japan Roundup". Nijiiro News. 3 January 2019. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.

nikkei.com (Global: 169^th place; English: 849^th place)

nikkei.com

"LGBTパートナー認定、群馬・大泉町が来月導入". 日本経済新聞電子版. 26 December 2018.

asia.nikkei.com

"LGBT+ rights in Asia: Small steps forward and big steps back". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 22 July 2022.

nippon.com (Global: 2,471^st place; English: 2,918^th place)

"Japan's Mie Prefecture Enacts Ordinance Banning Outing". Nippon.com. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

"Japan court says ban on same-sex marriage is constitutional". NPR. Associated Press. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Fackler, Martin (12 February 2015). "District in Tokyo Plans to Extend Rights of Gay Couples". The New York Times.

occur.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"NPO法人アカー（OCCUR）". Occur.or.jp. Retrieved 21 July 2017.

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204^th place; English: 1,164^th place)

www2.ohchr.org

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

osaka.lg.jp (Global: 2,028^th place; English: low place)

pref.osaka.lg.jp

"「大阪府パートナーシップ宣誓証明制度」を開始します". 大阪府 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.

city.osaka.lg.jp

"Yodogawa ward office LGBT support declaration". Yodogawa-ku Municipal website. 1 September 2013.

outjapan.co.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"リスト：同性パートナーシップ証明制度を導入している／導入予定の自治体". outjapan.co.jp (in Japanese).

outleadership.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Japan - Out Leadership". Retrieved 8 April 2018.

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

Yamaguchi, Mari (4 October 2025). "Sanae Takaichi elected as new leader of Japan's ruling party, likely to become 1st female PM". PBS. Associated Press. Retrieved 4 October 2025.

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,516^th place; English: 983^rd place)

"The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists". Pew Research Center. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
Gubbala, Sneha; Poushter, Jacob; Huang, Christine (27 November 2023). "How people around the world view same-sex marriage". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 28 November 2023.

philarchive.org (Global: low place; English: 7,457^th place)

Fian, Andi (2 December 2022). "BUDDHISM AND CONFUCIANISM ON HOMOSEXUALITY: THE ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION BASED ON THE ARGUMENTS OF RELIGIOUS TEXTS". Journal of Religious Studies. 3 (2). Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada: Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies (CRCS): 73–82 – via Phil.

pinknews.co.uk (Global: 2,906^th place; English: 1,862^nd place)

"12 pictures of Tokyo Pride which will make your day". 8 May 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
Jackman, Josh (24 January 2019). "Japan's Supreme Court rules transgender people still have to get sterilised · PinkNews". www.pinknews.co.uk. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
Wakefield, Lily (24 July 2019). "Japan elects gay lawmaker who is 'sure' marriage equality will happen". Pink News.

qz.com (Global: 1,740^th place; English: 1,127^th place)

Steger, Isabella (24 June 2019). "For the first time, same-sex couples will be recognized by a Japanese prefecture". Quartz.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Roy, Deblina (June 2019). "Homosexuality and Mythology". Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality & Culture. 5 (1): 60. Retrieved 17 April 2023.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

Lies, Elaine (8 June 2023). "Japan ruling on same-sex marriage disappoints but 'a step forward'". Reuters. Retrieved 15 November 2023. A Japanese court on Thursday said a ban on same-sex marriage was constitutional
Lies, Elaine; Pomfret, James (31 August 2023). "More LGBTQ rights could help Asia financial hubs draw global talent". Reuters. Retrieved 31 August 2023.

rocketnews24.com (Global: 8,873^rd place; English: low place)

en.rocketnews24.com

"Tokyo's Setagaya Ward to begin legally recognizing same-sex partnerships". En.riocketnews24.com. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
Preston Phro (6 September 2013). "Osaka ward first governmental body in Japan to officially declare support for LGBT community". RocketNews24. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2013.

ryukyushimpo.jp (Global: 3,208^th place; English: low place)

english.ryukyushimpo.jp

"Naha city makes LGBT City Support Declaration". Retrieved 8 April 2018.

sankei.com (Global: 269^th place; English: 2,809^th place)

パートナーシップ導入へ条例改正案可決茨城県議会. The Sankei News (in Japanese). 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

"Japan's conservative ruling party cites 'gay rights' in manifesto in bid to burnish image overseas". South China Morning Post. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2017.

shugiin.go.jp (Global: 2,359^th place; English: low place)

"●性的指向又は性自認を理由とする差別の解消等の推進に関する法律案". www.shugiin.go.jp.

theconversation.com (Global: 840^th place; English: 594^th place)

"Watered-down LGBTQ 'understanding' bill shows how far Japan's parliament is out of step with its society – and history". The Conversation. 17 June 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

McCurry, Justin (8 June 2023). "Japan court falls short of calling same-sex marriage ban unconstitutional". The Guardian.
Justin McCurry (30 October 2020). "Japan's 'love hotels' accused of anti-gay discrimination". The Guardian.
"Japan raises age of consent from 13 to 16 in reform of sex crimes law". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 16 June 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
McCurry, Justin (2 April 2023). "'It's like we don't exist': Japan faces pressure to allow same-sex marriage". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
McCurry, Justin (5 November 2015). "Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
McCurry, Justin (4 October 2025). "Sanae Takaichi: the new leader of Japan's Liberal Democratic party who cites Thatcher as an influence". The Guardian. Tokyo. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
"Japan's ruling party accused of violating Olympic charter over LGBT rights". The Guardian. 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.

them.us (Global: 5,130^th place; English: 2,938^th place)

"Japan's First Female Prime Minister: Gays Are "Fine" But No Same-Sex Marriage". them.us. Retrieved 21 October 2025.

thepinknews.com (Global: 3,465^th place; English: 1,975^th place)

Condon, Ali (16 October 2023). "Japan: Family court rules it's unconstitutional to require surgery for gender change". PinkNews. Retrieved 16 October 2023.

tokyo-np.co.jp (Global: 1,226^th place; English: low place)

""Legislation of same-sex marriage is essential" to promote understanding of LGBTQ people: Second lawsuit argument at Tokyo District Court". 東京新聞 TOKYO Web. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
坂田奈央 (11 February 2019). "ＬＧＢＴ気軽に言える環境づくりを京都・亀岡市議選トップ当選赤坂マリアさん". Tokyo Shimbun. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.

tokyomango.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Taiga Ishikawa is Japan's first openly gay elected official". Tokyomango.com. 9 May 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

tv-asahi.co.jp (Global: 804^th place; English: 2,851^st place)

news.tv-asahi.co.jp

""LGBT bill" at the Liberal Democratic Party to be submitted to the next Diet session". TV Asahi. 25 June 2019.

u-tokyo.ac.jp (Global: 1,814^th place; English: 4,939^th place)

p.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Nakamura, Karen (n.d.). "Trans/Disability: Disability, Queer Sexualities, and Transsexuality from a Comparative Ethnographic Perspective (トランス／ディサビリティー：比較人類学視点から見る現代の障害者運動、クイアーセクシュアリティ、と性同一性障害運動)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

variety.com (Global: 21^st place; English: 17^th place)

"Nintendo Japan Recognizes Same-Sex Marriages, in Defiance of Country's Laws". Variety. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

Navlakha, Meera (24 July 2019). "Japan's First Openly Gay Parliament Member Promises to Legalize Same-Sex Marriage". Vice News.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Lee, Michelle; Inuma, Julia. "Japan is hostile for LGBTQ people, but attitudes are shifting. Slowly". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 August 2023.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"ILGA State sponsored homophobia 2008.doc" (PDF). Ilga.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
日本放送協会. ""同性婚認められないのは憲法に違反せず" 大阪地裁 | NHK". NHKニュース. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
日本放送協会. "同性婚法制度ないのは違憲状態も憲法には違反せず東京地裁 | NHK". NHKニュース. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Survey: 78% of Japanese in 20s to 50s favor legal gay marriages". The Asahi Shimbun. 28 January 2019. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
Kinkade, Tyler; Endo, Shunpei (2021). "LGBT who? Crosslinguistic influence in sociosexual and gender literacy" (PDF). Gender Awareness in Language Education Journal. 13: 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
"H-Net Reviews". H-net.org. Archived from the original on 27 June 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
"The Violations of the Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Persons in Japan" (PDF). Global Rights. October 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
"「大阪府パートナーシップ宣誓証明制度」を開始します". 大阪府 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
"Wakayama Prefecture partnership system to be introduced within this fiscal year". NHK. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
"Osaka the first city in Japan to certify gay couple as foster parents". 6 April 2017. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2018 – via Japan Times Online.
Preston Phro (6 September 2013). "Osaka ward first governmental body in Japan to officially declare support for LGBT community". RocketNews24. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
Andrew Potts (11 September 2013). "Osaka district becomes first Japanese government area to support LGBT inclusion". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
"2018 LGBT News in Japan Roundup". Nijiiro News. 3 January 2019. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
"野党５党1会派がLGBT差別解消法案を衆院に提出". 立憲民主党. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
パートナーシップ導入へ条例改正案可決茨城県議会. The Sankei News (in Japanese). 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"A Japanese region has made it illegal to out someone as LGBT+". Gay Star News. 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
"Japan's Mie Prefecture Enacts Ordinance Banning Outing". Nippon.com. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
Glauert, Rik (26 June 2019). "Japan's ruling party reveals draft 'LGBT understanding' bill". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2019.
"Panel of Japan's ruling LDP to seek early passage of law on LGBT understanding". The Japan Times. 9 April 2021. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
"Japan: Human Rights Violation against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Persons" (PDF). ILGA. April 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
Nakamura, Karen (n.d.). "Trans/Disability: Disability, Queer Sexualities, and Transsexuality from a Comparative Ethnographic Perspective (トランス／ディサビリティー：比較人類学視点から見る現代の障害者運動、クイアーセクシュアリティ、と性同一性障害運動)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
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Daw, Stephen (26 July 2023). "J-Pop Star Shinjiro Atae Comes Out as Gay During Fan Event". Billboard. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
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Kambayashi, Takehiko (26 July 2017). "LGBT politicians in Japan seek to promote awareness, secure rights". DPA International. Archived from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
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坂田奈央 (11 February 2019). "ＬＧＢＴ気軽に言える環境づくりを京都・亀岡市議選トップ当選赤坂マリアさん". Tokyo Shimbun. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
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worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

McCurry, Justin (5 November 2015). "Same-sex couple receives Japan's first 'partnership' certificate". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

blogs.wsj.com

Inada, Miho (20 September 2013). "Same-Sex Marriage in Japan: A Long Way Away? - Japan Real Time - WSJ". Blogs.wsj.com. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

yomiuri.co.jp (Global: 333^rd place; English: 1,402^nd place)

"Hygo". Retrieved 8 April 2018.

zenbird.media (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Japan's Women's Universities start accepting transgender students". 7 July 2020.

LGBT rights in Japan (English Wikipedia)

advocate.com (Global: 1,869th place; English: 1,037th place)

anu.edu.au (Global: 514th place; English: 281st place)

intersections.anu.edu.au

apnews.com (Global: 101st place; English: 62nd place)

aramajapan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

asahi.com (Global: 124th place; English: 790th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

billboard.com (Global: 20th place; English: 13th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118th place; English: 85th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cdp-japan.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

edition.cnn.com

cnn.com

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dpa-international.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

france24.com (Global: 344th place; English: 362nd place)

fridae.asia (Global: low place; English: low place)

gale-sig.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

gaystarnews.com (Global: 8,651st place; English: 5,966th place)

gaytimes.co.uk (Global: 6,464th place; English: 3,817th place)

georgetownvoice.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

gladxx.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

globalrights.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

h-net.org (Global: 5,516th place; English: 3,610th place)

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,313th place; English: 884th place)

hokkaido-np.co.jp (Global: 2,673rd place; English: low place)

hrw.org (Global: 601st place; English: 472nd place)

huffingtonpost.jp (Global: 2,937th place; English: low place)

hurights.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

ilga.org (Global: 6,632nd place; English: 5,866th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; English: 29th place)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407th place; English: 286th place)

japantoday.com (Global: 4,588th place; English: 3,242nd place)

jetro.go.jp (Global: 5,972nd place; English: low place)

jrc.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

jspn.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

kyodonews.net (Global: 3,001st place; English: 1,894th place)

english.kyodonews.net

lgbtqnation.com (Global: 7,797th place; English: 4,549th place)

mainichi.jp (Global: 257th place; English: 1,209th place)

marriageforall.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

minnano-partnership.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

minuskakugo.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

muumuse.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 156th place; English: 101st place)

nhk.or.jp (Global: 202nd place; English: 1,062nd place)

www3.nhk.or.jp

nhk.or.jp

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195th place; English: 1,046th place)

webcatplus.nii.ac.jp

nijiironews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nikkei.com (Global: 169th place; English: 849th place)

nikkei.com

asia.nikkei.com

nippon.com (Global: 2,471st place; English: 2,918th place)

npr.org (Global: 114th place; English: 75th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

occur.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204th place; English: 1,164th place)

www2.ohchr.org

osaka.lg.jp (Global: 2,028th place; English: low place)

pref.osaka.lg.jp

city.osaka.lg.jp

outjapan.co.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

outleadership.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

pbs.org (Global: 260th place; English: 176th place)

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,516th place; English: 983rd place)

philarchive.org (Global: low place; English: 7,457th place)

pinknews.co.uk (Global: 2,906th place; English: 1,862nd place)

qz.com (Global: 1,740th place; English: 1,127th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38th place; English: 30th place)

rocketnews24.com (Global: 8,873rd place; English: low place)

en.rocketnews24.com

ryukyushimpo.jp (Global: 3,208th place; English: low place)

english.ryukyushimpo.jp

sankei.com (Global: 269th place; English: 2,809th place)

advocate.com (Global: 1,869^th place; English: 1,037^th place)

anu.edu.au (Global: 514^th place; English: 281^st place)

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; English: 62^nd place)

asahi.com (Global: 124^th place; English: 790^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

billboard.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 13^th place)

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

france24.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 362^nd place)

gaystarnews.com (Global: 8,651^st place; English: 5,966^th place)

gaytimes.co.uk (Global: 6,464^th place; English: 3,817^th place)

h-net.org (Global: 5,516^th place; English: 3,610^th place)

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,313^th place; English: 884^th place)

hokkaido-np.co.jp (Global: 2,673^rd place; English: low place)

hrw.org (Global: 601^st place; English: 472^nd place)

huffingtonpost.jp (Global: 2,937^th place; English: low place)

ilga.org (Global: 6,632^nd place; English: 5,866^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

japantoday.com (Global: 4,588^th place; English: 3,242^nd place)

jetro.go.jp (Global: 5,972^nd place; English: low place)

kyodonews.net (Global: 3,001^st place; English: 1,894^th place)

lgbtqnation.com (Global: 7,797^th place; English: 4,549^th place)

mainichi.jp (Global: 257^th place; English: 1,209^th place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

nhk.or.jp (Global: 202^nd place; English: 1,062^nd place)

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195^th place; English: 1,046^th place)

nikkei.com (Global: 169^th place; English: 849^th place)

nippon.com (Global: 2,471^st place; English: 2,918^th place)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ohchr.org (Global: 1,204^th place; English: 1,164^th place)

osaka.lg.jp (Global: 2,028^th place; English: low place)

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,516^th place; English: 983^rd place)

philarchive.org (Global: low place; English: 7,457^th place)

pinknews.co.uk (Global: 2,906^th place; English: 1,862^nd place)

qz.com (Global: 1,740^th place; English: 1,127^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

rocketnews24.com (Global: 8,873^rd place; English: low place)

ryukyushimpo.jp (Global: 3,208^th place; English: low place)

sankei.com (Global: 269^th place; English: 2,809^th place)

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

shugiin.go.jp (Global: 2,359^th place; English: low place)

theconversation.com (Global: 840^th place; English: 594^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

them.us (Global: 5,130^th place; English: 2,938^th place)

thepinknews.com (Global: 3,465^th place; English: 1,975^th place)

tokyo-np.co.jp (Global: 1,226^th place; English: low place)

tv-asahi.co.jp (Global: 804^th place; English: 2,851^st place)

u-tokyo.ac.jp (Global: 1,814^th place; English: 4,939^th place)

variety.com (Global: 21^st place; English: 17^th place)

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

yomiuri.co.jp (Global: 333^rd place; English: 1,402^nd place)