Leopard seal (English Wikipedia)

Krause, Douglas J.; Hinke, Jefferson T.; Perryman, Wayne L.; Goebel, Michael E.; LeRoi, Donald J. (2017-11-29). "An accurate and adaptable photogrammetric approach for estimating the mass and body condition of pinnipeds using an unmanned aerial system". PLOS ONE. 12 (11) e0187465. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287465K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187465. PMC 5706667. PMID 29186134.
Kienle, Sarah S. (17 August 2022). "Plasticity in the morphometrics and movements of an Antarctic apex predator, the leopard seal". Frontiers in Marine Science. 9 976019. Bibcode:2022FrMaS...976019K. doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.976019.
Jaume Forcada; Philip N. Trathan; Peter L. Boveng; Ian L. Boyd; Jennifer M. Burns; Daniel P. Costa; Michael Fedak; Tracey L. Rogers; Colin J. Southwell (2012). "Responses of Antarctic pack-ice seals to environmental change and increasing krill fishing". Biological Conservation. 149 (1): 40–50. Bibcode:2012BCons.149...40F. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.002. S2CID 7892053.
Borras-Chavez, Renato; Soteres, Rodrigo L.; Gómez-González, Gabriela; Martínez, Francisco; Fernández-Ferrada, Nicolás; Castillo-Aguilar, Matias; Moreno Azua, Fredy; Dougnac, Catherine; Arredondo, Cristóbal; Brown, Nicholi; Sperou, Emily S.; Bonin, Carolina A.; Goebel, Michael E.; Guerrero, Alicia I.; Donke, Marcelo; Kienle, Sarah S. (October 2024). "Occurrence, residency, and habitat characterization of leopard seals in Chile". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 12 1448098. Bibcode:2024FrEEv..1248098B. doi:10.3389/fevo.2024.1448098.
Rogers, T.L.; Hogg, C.; Irvine, A. (2005). "Spatial movement of adult leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica". Polar Biology. 28 (6): 456–463. Bibcode:2005PoBio..28..456R. doi:10.1007/s00300-004-0703-4. S2CID 22535400.
Meade, J.; Ciaglia, M.B.; Slip, D.J.; Negrete, J.; Márquez M.E.I.; Rogers, T. (2015). "Spatial patterns in activity of leopard seals Hydrurga leptonyx in relation to sea ice". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 521: 265–275. Bibcode:2015MEPS..521..265M. doi:10.3354/meps11120. S2CID 87706193.
Southwell, C.; Paxton, C.; Borchers, D.; Boveng, P.; Rogers, T.; de la Mare, W. (2008). "Uncommon or cryptic? Challenges in estimating leopard seal abundance by conventional but state-of-the-art methods". Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55 (4): 519–531. Bibcode:2008DSRI...55..519S. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.005.
Rogers TL, Ciaglia MB, Klinck H, Southwell C (2013). "Density Can Be Misleading for Low-Density Species: Benefits of Passive Acoustic Monitoring". PLOS ONE. 8 (1) e52542. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...852542R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052542. PMC 3541380. PMID 23326339.
Stewart, Brent S.; Grove, Jack S. (March 2014). "An extreme wandering leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, at Pitcairn Island, central South Pacific". Polar Biology. 37 (3): 423–425. Bibcode:2014PoBio..37..423S. doi:10.1007/s00300-014-1447-4.
Stewart, Brent S.; Grove, Jack S.; Kühlem, Annette; Flores, Marcelo (September 2020). "Recent and historic occurrences of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Eastern Polynesia". Polar Biology. 43 (11): 1899–1902. Bibcode:2020PoBio..43.1899S. doi:10.1007/s00300-020-02741-z.
Avery, G.; Klein, R.G. (2011). "Review of fossil phocid and otariid seals from the southern and western coasts of South Africa". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 66 (1): 14–24. Bibcode:2011TRSSA..66...14A. doi:10.1080/0035919X.2011.564490.
Krause, Douglas J.; Goebel, Michael E.; Marshall, Greg J.; Abernathy, Kyler (2016-02-24). "Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Marine Mammal Science. 32 (3): 839–867. Bibcode:2016MMamS..32..839K. doi:10.1111/mms.12309. ISSN 0824-0469.
Hiruki, Lisa M.; Schwartz, Michael K.; Boveng, Peter L. (1999). "Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica". Journal of Zoology. 249 (1): 97–109. Bibcode:1999JZoo..249...97H. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01063.x.
Walker, T.R.; Boyd, I.L.; Mccafferty, D.J.; Huin, N.; Taylor, R.I.; Reid, K. (1998). "Seasonal occurrence and diet of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Bird Island, South Georgia". Antarctic Science. 10 (1): 75–81. Bibcode:1998AntSc..10...75W. doi:10.1017/S0954102098000108. S2CID 85575118.
Van Der Linde, Krista; Visser, Ingrid N.; Bout, Rick; Lalas, Chris; Shepherd, Lara; Hocking, David; Finucci, Brittany; Fyfe, Jim; Pinkerton, Matthew (2021). "Leopard Seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in New Zealand waters predating on chondrichthyans". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8 795358. Bibcode:2021FrMaS...895358V. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.795358.
Rogers TL (2014). "Source levels of the underwater calls of a male leopard seal". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 136 (4): 1495–1498. Bibcode:2014ASAJ..136.1495R. doi:10.1121/1.4895685. PMID 25324053.
Rogers, Tracey L.; Cato, Douglas H. (2002). "Individual Variation in the Acoustic Behaviour of the Adult Male Leopard Seal, Hydrurga leptonyx". Behaviour. 139 (10): 1267–1286. Bibcode:2002Behav.139.1267R. doi:10.1163/156853902321104154. JSTOR 4535987.
Rogers, T. L.; Cato, D. H.; Bryden, M. M. (1996). "Behavioral significance of underwater vocalizations of captive leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx". Marine Mammal Science. 12 (3): 414–427. Bibcode:1996MMamS..12..414R. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00593.x.
Rogers, T. L (2007). "Age-related differences in the acoustic characteristics of male leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 122 (1): 596–605. Bibcode:2007ASAJ..122..596R. doi:10.1121/1.2736976. PMID 17614516.
Rogers, Tracey L.; Cato, Douglas H. (2002). "Individual Variation in the Acoustic Behaviour of the Adult Male Leopard Seal, Hydrurga leptonyx". Behaviour. 139 (10): 1267–1286. Bibcode:2002Behav.139.1267R. doi:10.1163/156853902321104154. JSTOR 4535987.
Southwell, Colin; Kerry, Knowles; Ensor, Paul; Woehler, Eric J.; Rogers, Tracey (2003). "The timing of pupping by pack-ice seals in East Antarctica". Polar Biology. 26 (10): 648–652. Bibcode:2003PoBio..26..648S. doi:10.1007/s00300-003-0534-8. S2CID 7565646.
Borsa, Philippe (1990). "Seasonal occurrence of the leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, in the Kerguelen Islands". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 68 (2): 405–408. Bibcode:1990CaJZ...68..405B. doi:10.1139/z90-059.
Muir, Shona F.; Barnes, David K.A.; Reid, Keith (2006). "Interactions between humans and leopard seals". Antarctic Science. 18 (1): 61–74. Bibcode:2006AntSc..18...61M. doi:10.1017/S0954102006000058. S2CID 53648359.

antarctica.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 8,335^th place)

"Leopard seals". Australian Antarctic Division. Retrieved 14 August 2017.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Shackleton, Ernest (1998). South. New York, NY: The Lyons Press. p. 112. ISBN 1-55821-783-5.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (July 1820). "Sur Quelques Cranes de Phoques". Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts. 91. Paris. Retrieved 23 May 2025.
Gistel, Johannes (1851). Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs: für höhere Schulen. first published 1848. Stuttgart: Scheitlin & Krais. p. XI. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.97235. Retrieved 23 May 2025.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Leopard seal". Encyclopedia Britannica. 1998.

bucknell.edu (Global: 671^st place; English: 1,144^th place)

departments.bucknell.edu

Wilson, Don E.; Seeder, Dee Ann M., eds. (2005). "Species: Hydrurga leptonyx". Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

cnrs.fr (Global: 1,895^th place; English: 4,152^nd place)

observatoire-pelagis.cnrs.fr

"A leopard Seal in French Polynesia". PELAGIS. 10 October 2025. Retrieved 7 September 2026.

divemag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rare Sighting: Leopard Seal Spotted Resting on a Beach in Imbituba, Brazil". Divemag. Retrieved 2026-09-07.

doc.govt.nz (Global: 3,496^th place; English: 2,112^th place)

"Leopard seal provoked". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
"Leopard seal". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 28 July 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hückstädt, L. (2015). "Hydrurga leptonyx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T10340A45226422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T10340A45226422.en. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
Gistel, Johannes (1851). Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs: für höhere Schulen. first published 1848. Stuttgart: Scheitlin & Krais. p. XI. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.97235. Retrieved 23 May 2025.
Krause, Douglas J.; Hinke, Jefferson T.; Perryman, Wayne L.; Goebel, Michael E.; LeRoi, Donald J. (2017-11-29). "An accurate and adaptable photogrammetric approach for estimating the mass and body condition of pinnipeds using an unmanned aerial system". PLOS ONE. 12 (11) e0187465. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287465K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187465. PMC 5706667. PMID 29186134.
Kienle, Sarah S. (17 August 2022). "Plasticity in the morphometrics and movements of an Antarctic apex predator, the leopard seal". Frontiers in Marine Science. 9 976019. Bibcode:2022FrMaS...976019K. doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.976019.
Jaume Forcada; Philip N. Trathan; Peter L. Boveng; Ian L. Boyd; Jennifer M. Burns; Daniel P. Costa; Michael Fedak; Tracey L. Rogers; Colin J. Southwell (2012). "Responses of Antarctic pack-ice seals to environmental change and increasing krill fishing". Biological Conservation. 149 (1): 40–50. Bibcode:2012BCons.149...40F. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.002. S2CID 7892053.
Borras-Chavez, Renato; Soteres, Rodrigo L.; Gómez-González, Gabriela; Martínez, Francisco; Fernández-Ferrada, Nicolás; Castillo-Aguilar, Matias; Moreno Azua, Fredy; Dougnac, Catherine; Arredondo, Cristóbal; Brown, Nicholi; Sperou, Emily S.; Bonin, Carolina A.; Goebel, Michael E.; Guerrero, Alicia I.; Donke, Marcelo; Kienle, Sarah S. (October 2024). "Occurrence, residency, and habitat characterization of leopard seals in Chile". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 12 1448098. Bibcode:2024FrEEv..1248098B. doi:10.3389/fevo.2024.1448098.
Hupman, Krista; Visser, Ingrid N.; Fyfe, Jim; Cawthorn, Martin; Forbes, Giverny; Grabham, Alexander A.; Bout, Rick; Mathias, Brittany; Benninghaus, Ella; Matucci, Kimberly; Cooper, Tracy; Fletcher, London; Godoy, Daniel (2020-01-02). "From Vagrant to Resident: occurrence, residency and births of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in New Zealand waters". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 54 (1). Taylor & Francis: 1–23. doi:10.1080/00288330.2019.1619598. ISSN 0028-8330.
Rogers, T.L.; Hogg, C.; Irvine, A. (2005). "Spatial movement of adult leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica". Polar Biology. 28 (6): 456–463. Bibcode:2005PoBio..28..456R. doi:10.1007/s00300-004-0703-4. S2CID 22535400.
Meade, J.; Ciaglia, M.B.; Slip, D.J.; Negrete, J.; Márquez M.E.I.; Rogers, T. (2015). "Spatial patterns in activity of leopard seals Hydrurga leptonyx in relation to sea ice". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 521: 265–275. Bibcode:2015MEPS..521..265M. doi:10.3354/meps11120. S2CID 87706193.
Southwell, C.; Paxton, C.; Borchers, D.; Boveng, P.; Rogers, T.; de la Mare, W. (2008). "Uncommon or cryptic? Challenges in estimating leopard seal abundance by conventional but state-of-the-art methods". Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55 (4): 519–531. Bibcode:2008DSRI...55..519S. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.005.
Rogers TL, Ciaglia MB, Klinck H, Southwell C (2013). "Density Can Be Misleading for Low-Density Species: Benefits of Passive Acoustic Monitoring". PLOS ONE. 8 (1) e52542. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...852542R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052542. PMC 3541380. PMID 23326339.
Rodriguez, Diego; Bastida, Ricardo; Morón, S.; Heredia, Sergio; Loureiro, J. (2003-06-30). "Occurrence of leopard seals in northern Argentina". Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals. 2: 51–54. doi:10.5597/lajam00031.
Stewart, Brent S.; Grove, Jack S. (March 2014). "An extreme wandering leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, at Pitcairn Island, central South Pacific". Polar Biology. 37 (3): 423–425. Bibcode:2014PoBio..37..423S. doi:10.1007/s00300-014-1447-4.
Stewart, Brent S.; Grove, Jack S.; Kühlem, Annette; Flores, Marcelo (September 2020). "Recent and historic occurrences of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Eastern Polynesia". Polar Biology. 43 (11): 1899–1902. Bibcode:2020PoBio..43.1899S. doi:10.1007/s00300-020-02741-z.
Bester, M. N.; Bester, W. A.; Wege, M.; Schofield, R. A.; Glass, T. A. (2017-09-01). "Vagrant leopard seal at Tristan da Cunha Island, South Atlantic". Polar Biology. 40 (9): 1903–1905. doi:10.1007/s00300-017-2073-8. ISSN 1432-2056.
Avery, G.; Klein, R.G. (2011). "Review of fossil phocid and otariid seals from the southern and western coasts of South Africa". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 66 (1): 14–24. Bibcode:2011TRSSA..66...14A. doi:10.1080/0035919X.2011.564490.
Oster, S.; Reynard, J.P.; Cawthra, H.C.; Esteban, I.; Pargeter, J.; Fisher, E.C. (2024). "Late Pleistocene and Holocene fauna from Waterfall Bluff Rock Shelter, Mpondoland, South Africa". South African Journal of Science. 120 (11/12). doi:10.17159/sajs.2024/17449.
Krause, Douglas J.; Goebel, Michael E.; Marshall, Greg J.; Abernathy, Kyler (2016-02-24). "Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Marine Mammal Science. 32 (3): 839–867. Bibcode:2016MMamS..32..839K. doi:10.1111/mms.12309. ISSN 0824-0469.
Kuhn, Carey E.; McDonald, Birgitte I.; Shaffer, Scott A.; Barnes, Julie; Crocker, Daniel E.; Burns, Jennifer; Costa, Daniel P. (2005). "Diving physiology and winter foraging behavior of a juvenile leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)". Polar Biology. 29 (4): 303–307. doi:10.1007/s00300-005-0053-x. S2CID 32195795.
Hiruki, Lisa M.; Schwartz, Michael K.; Boveng, Peter L. (1999). "Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica". Journal of Zoology. 249 (1): 97–109. Bibcode:1999JZoo..249...97H. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01063.x.
Walker, T.R.; Boyd, I.L.; Mccafferty, D.J.; Huin, N.; Taylor, R.I.; Reid, K. (1998). "Seasonal occurrence and diet of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Bird Island, South Georgia". Antarctic Science. 10 (1): 75–81. Bibcode:1998AntSc..10...75W. doi:10.1017/S0954102098000108. S2CID 85575118.
Van Der Linde, Krista; Visser, Ingrid N.; Bout, Rick; Lalas, Chris; Shepherd, Lara; Hocking, David; Finucci, Brittany; Fyfe, Jim; Pinkerton, Matthew (2021). "Leopard Seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in New Zealand waters predating on chondrichthyans". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8 795358. Bibcode:2021FrMaS...895358V. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.795358.
Yong, Ed (2012). "Leopard seals suck up krill like whales". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11672. S2CID 87484971.
Rogers TL (2014). "Source levels of the underwater calls of a male leopard seal". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 136 (4): 1495–1498. Bibcode:2014ASAJ..136.1495R. doi:10.1121/1.4895685. PMID 25324053.
Rogers, Tracey L.; Cato, Douglas H. (2002). "Individual Variation in the Acoustic Behaviour of the Adult Male Leopard Seal, Hydrurga leptonyx". Behaviour. 139 (10): 1267–1286. Bibcode:2002Behav.139.1267R. doi:10.1163/156853902321104154. JSTOR 4535987.
Rogers, T. L.; Cato, D. H.; Bryden, M. M. (1996). "Behavioral significance of underwater vocalizations of captive leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx". Marine Mammal Science. 12 (3): 414–427. Bibcode:1996MMamS..12..414R. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00593.x.
Rogers, T. L (2007). "Age-related differences in the acoustic characteristics of male leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 122 (1): 596–605. Bibcode:2007ASAJ..122..596R. doi:10.1121/1.2736976. PMID 17614516.
Rogers, Tracey L.; Cato, Douglas H. (2002). "Individual Variation in the Acoustic Behaviour of the Adult Male Leopard Seal, Hydrurga leptonyx". Behaviour. 139 (10): 1267–1286. Bibcode:2002Behav.139.1267R. doi:10.1163/156853902321104154. JSTOR 4535987.
Southwell, Colin; Kerry, Knowles; Ensor, Paul; Woehler, Eric J.; Rogers, Tracey (2003). "The timing of pupping by pack-ice seals in East Antarctica". Polar Biology. 26 (10): 648–652. Bibcode:2003PoBio..26..648S. doi:10.1007/s00300-003-0534-8. S2CID 7565646.
Borsa, Philippe (1990). "Seasonal occurrence of the leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, in the Kerguelen Islands". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 68 (2): 405–408. Bibcode:1990CaJZ...68..405B. doi:10.1139/z90-059.
Muir, Shona F.; Barnes, David K.A.; Reid, Keith (2006). "Interactions between humans and leopard seals". Antarctic Science. 18 (1): 61–74. Bibcode:2006AntSc..18...61M. doi:10.1017/S0954102006000058. S2CID 53648359.

dpreview.com (Global: 3,371^st place; English: 2,170^th place)

National Geographic photographer's surprise encounter with deadly predator. dpreview.com (2012-10-18)

ecophotoexplorers.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gyford, Sue (2003-11-14). Archived 2016-04-18 at the Wayback Machine. ecophotoexplorers.com. Retrieved on 2019-08-20

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Leopard Seals NZ (28 June 2022). "Have you seen Owha?". Facebook. Retrieved 31 July 2024.

irmng.org (Global: 9,244^th place; English: 9,444^th place)

Hydrurga Gistl, 1848. Retrieved through: Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera.

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

Hückstädt, L. (2015). "Hydrurga leptonyx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015 e.T10340A45226422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T10340A45226422.en. Retrieved 20 February 2022.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Rogers, Tracey L.; Cato, Douglas H. (2002). "Individual Variation in the Acoustic Behaviour of the Adult Male Leopard Seal, Hydrurga leptonyx". Behaviour. 139 (10): 1267–1286. Bibcode:2002Behav.139.1267R. doi:10.1163/156853902321104154. JSTOR 4535987.
Rogers, Tracey L.; Cato, Douglas H. (2002). "Individual Variation in the Acoustic Behaviour of the Adult Male Leopard Seal, Hydrurga leptonyx". Behaviour. 139 (10): 1267–1286. Bibcode:2002Behav.139.1267R. doi:10.1163/156853902321104154. JSTOR 4535987.

leopardseals.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Management Plan - LeopardSeals.org". LeopardSeals.org. Archived from the original on 2026-06-07. Retrieved 2026-09-06.

mammaldiversity.org (Global: 5,490^th place; English: 6,125^th place)

"Hydrurga leptonyx (de Blainville, 1820)". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists. Retrieved 23 May 2025.

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"Leopard Seals, Hydrurga leptonyx". Marine Bio. 18 May 2017.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

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"POV: Why Are Leopard Seals Eating Fur Seal Pups?". video.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-08.

news.nationalgeographic.com

Owen, James (August 6, 2003). "Leopard Seal Kills Scientist in Antarctica". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on August 8, 2003. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

nationalgeographic.com

"How a Leopard Seal Fed Me Penguins". National Geographic. March 11, 2014. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2023.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Yong, Ed (2012). "Leopard seals suck up krill like whales". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.11672. S2CID 87484971.

newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 901^st place)

Carrington, Damian (2003-07-24). Inquiry into fatal leopard seal attack begins. NewScientist.com. Retrieved on 2013-02-24.^{[dead link]}

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Krause, Douglas J.; Hinke, Jefferson T.; Perryman, Wayne L.; Goebel, Michael E.; LeRoi, Donald J. (2017-11-29). "An accurate and adaptable photogrammetric approach for estimating the mass and body condition of pinnipeds using an unmanned aerial system". PLOS ONE. 12 (11) e0187465. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287465K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187465. PMC 5706667. PMID 29186134.
Rogers TL, Ciaglia MB, Klinck H, Southwell C (2013). "Density Can Be Misleading for Low-Density Species: Benefits of Passive Acoustic Monitoring". PLOS ONE. 8 (1) e52542. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...852542R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052542. PMC 3541380. PMID 23326339.
Rogers TL (2014). "Source levels of the underwater calls of a male leopard seal". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 136 (4): 1495–1498. Bibcode:2014ASAJ..136.1495R. doi:10.1121/1.4895685. PMID 25324053.
Rogers, T. L (2007). "Age-related differences in the acoustic characteristics of male leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 122 (1): 596–605. Bibcode:2007ASAJ..122..596R. doi:10.1121/1.2736976. PMID 17614516.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Krause, Douglas J.; Hinke, Jefferson T.; Perryman, Wayne L.; Goebel, Michael E.; LeRoi, Donald J. (2017-11-29). "An accurate and adaptable photogrammetric approach for estimating the mass and body condition of pinnipeds using an unmanned aerial system". PLOS ONE. 12 (11) e0187465. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1287465K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187465. PMC 5706667. PMID 29186134.
Rogers TL, Ciaglia MB, Klinck H, Southwell C (2013). "Density Can Be Misleading for Low-Density Species: Benefits of Passive Acoustic Monitoring". PLOS ONE. 8 (1) e52542. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...852542R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052542. PMC 3541380. PMID 23326339.

niwa.co.nz (Global: 8,058^th place; English: 4,919^th place)

"Owha and her friends awarded citizenship". NIWA. Retrieved 11 June 2024.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

afsc.noaa.gov

"Leopard Seals". NOAA Fisheries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center. 27 January 2021.

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"NSRI appeal to the public to be cautious around seals and sea animals in general". National Sea Rescue Institute. Retrieved 1 October 2021.

odt.co.nz (Global: 3,172^nd place; English: 1,585^th place)

Taylor, Margot (2017-09-27). "Odds against St Kilda leopard seal pup". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 2020-07-25.

pinnipeds.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Administrator. "Leopard Seal". www.pinnipeds.org. Retrieved 2018-06-04.

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Rodriguez, Diego; Bastida, Ricardo; Morón, S.; Heredia, Sergio; Loureiro, J. (2003-06-30). "Occurrence of leopard seals in northern Argentina". Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals. 2: 51–54. doi:10.5597/lajam00031.
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lepto- + onyx; "thin-clawed"
hydro + ergon; "water worker"^[verify]

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

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Hupman, Krista; Visser, Ingrid N.; Fyfe, Jim; Cawthorn, Martin; Forbes, Giverny; Grabham, Alexander A.; Bout, Rick; Mathias, Brittany; Benninghaus, Ella; Matucci, Kimberly; Cooper, Tracy; Fletcher, London; Godoy, Daniel (2020-01-02). "From Vagrant to Resident: occurrence, residency and births of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in New Zealand waters". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 54 (1). Taylor & Francis: 1–23. doi:10.1080/00288330.2019.1619598. ISSN 0028-8330.
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Krause, Douglas J.; Goebel, Michael E.; Marshall, Greg J.; Abernathy, Kyler (2016-02-24). "Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula". Marine Mammal Science. 32 (3): 839–867. Bibcode:2016MMamS..32..839K. doi:10.1111/mms.12309. ISSN 0824-0469.

Leopard seal (English Wikipedia)

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