Mohammad Najibullah (English Wikipedia)

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

afintl.com

"Taliban Killed Dr Najibullah on Orders of Pak Military Officer, Says Khattak". Afghanistan International. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.

aljazeera.com

Latifi, Ali M. (22 June 2012). "Executed Afghan president stages 'comeback'". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 23 August 2012.

aph.gov.au

parlinfo.aph.gov.au

Publisher: Parliament of Australia. Published Date: 31 Sep 1992. Accessed Date: 04.04.2024. Title: Afghanistan: the politics of disintegration. URL: https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22library%2Fprspub%2FWMH10%22;src1=sm1

apnews.com

"Rebels Scorn Afghan Leader's Offer of Elections". Associated Press.
Fisher, Earleen (13 July 1991). "Najibullah Retains Control With Power and Pragmatism". AP News. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
"Najibullah's Family in India, Government Says". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021.

archive.org

Amtstutz, J. Bruce (1994). Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. Diane Publishing. p. 266. ISBN 0-7881-1111-6.
Pigott, Peter. Canada in Afghanistan: The War So Far. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd, 2007. ISBN 978-1-55002-674-0. p. 54. – via Google Books

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

White, Terence (15 October 2001). "Flashback: When the Taleban took Kabul". BBC. Retrieved 15 June 2015.

bbc.com

"فتانه نجیب: د قبر تر جوړېدو مخکې دې د نجیب د مرګ پلټنه وشي". BBC News پښتو (in Pashto). 1 June 2020.

books.google.com

Whitaker, Joseph (December 1991). Whitaker's Almanac 1992 124. William Clowes. ISBN 978-0-85021-220-4.
Tucker, Spencer (2010). The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 874. ISBN 978-1-85109-947-4.
Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present. C. Hurst & Co Publishers. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-85065-703-3.
Weiner, Myron; Banuazizi, Ali (1994). The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan. Syracuse University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-8156-2608-4.
Kakar, Hassan; Kakar, Mohammed (1997). Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982. University of California Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-520-20893-3.
Amtstutz, J. Bruce (1994). Afghanistan: Past and Present. Diane Publishing. p. 152. ISBN 0-7881-1111-6.
Girardet, Edward (1985). Afghanistan: The Soviet War. Taylor & Francis. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-7099-3802-6.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Kalinovsky, Artemy (2011). A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Harvard University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-674-05866-8.
Kalinovsky, Artemy (2011). A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Harvard University Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-0-674-05866-8.
Dorronsoro, Gilles (2005). Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present. C. Hurst & Co Publishers. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-85065-703-3.
Kalinovsky, Artemy (2011). A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Harvard University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-674-05866-8.
Kalinovsky, Artemy (2011). A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Harvard University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-674-05866-8.
Kalinovsky, Artemy (2011). A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Harvard University Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-674-05866-8.
Clements, Frank (2003). Conflict in Afghanistan: a Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 303. ISBN 978-1-85109-402-8.
Kalinovsky, Artemy (2011). A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Harvard University Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-674-05866-8.
Amtstutz, J. Bruce (1994). Afghanistan: Past and Present. DIANE Publishing. p. 153. ISBN 0-7881-1111-6.
Otto, Jan Michiel (2010). Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present. Amsterdam University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-90-8728-057-4.
Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-85065-396-7.
Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 155–156. ISBN 978-1-85065-396-7.
Regional Surveys of the World: Far East and Australasia 2003. Routledge. 2002. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-85743-133-9.
Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 161. ISBN 978-1-85065-396-7.
Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-85065-396-7.
Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-85065-396-7.
Riaz, Ali (2010). Religion and politics in South Asia. Taylor & Francis. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-415-77800-8.
Yassari, Nadjma (2005). The Sharīʻa in the Constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt: Implications for Private Law. Mohr Siebeck. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-16-148787-3.
Regional Surveys of the World: Far East and Australasia 2003. Routledge. 2002. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-85743-133-9.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 277. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 280. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 286. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 294. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Hiro, Dilip (2002). War Without End: The Rise of Islamist terrorism and Global Response. Routledge. p. 230. ISBN 978-0-415-28802-6.
Amtstutz, J. Bruce (1994). Afghanistan: Past and Present. DIANE Publishing. p. 151. ISBN 0-7881-1111-6.
Hilali, A. Z. (2005). US–Pakistan relationship: Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Ashgate Publishing. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7546-4220-6.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. pp. 296–297. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 297. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 298. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Halim Tanwir, Dr. M. (February 2013). AFGHANISTAN: History, Diplomacy and Journalism Volume 1. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781479760909.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.
Coll, Steve (2004). Page 333 – Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the Cia, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. Penguin. p. 695. ISBN 9781594200076.
Braithwaite, Rodric (2007). Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979–1989. Indo-European Publishing. pp. 302–303. ISBN 978-1-60444-002-7.

britannica.com

"Najibullah". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 June 2020.

consortiumnews.com

Parry, Robert (7 April 2013). "Hollywood's Dangerous Afghan Illusion". Consortiumnews.com. Retrieved 31 January 2018.

dailytimes.com.pk

"Dr Mohammed Najibullah: the Afghan Prometheus". Daily Times. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2023.

doi.org

Maley, William (2002), Maley, William (ed.), "The Interregnum of Najibullah, 1989–1992", The Afghanistan Wars, London: Macmillan Education UK, pp. 168–193, doi:10.1007/978-1-4039-1840-6_9, ISBN 978-1-4039-1840-6, retrieved 27 December 2022
"Woodrow Wilson Center Digital Archive. Nuclear Proliferation International History Project". The SHAFR Guide Online. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim010030016. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
Ahady, Anwar-ul-Haq (1995). "The Decline of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan". Asian Survey. 35 (7): 621–634. doi:10.2307/2645419. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2645419.

dx.doi.org

"Woodrow Wilson Center Digital Archive. Nuclear Proliferation International History Project". The SHAFR Guide Online. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim010030016. Retrieved 24 February 2024.

gwu.edu

nsarchive2.gwu.edu

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB227/17.pdf – NSA

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

National Foreign Assessment Center (1987). Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. p. 1. hdl:2027/uc1.c050186243.
Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments. Washington, DC: National Foreign Assessment Center, Central Intelligence Agency. 1988. p. 1. hdl:2027/osu.32435024019804.
National Foreign Assessment Center (1991). Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. p. 1. hdl:2027/osu.32435024019754.

indianexpress.com

"Explained: Why a top Afghan official visited the grave of ex-President Najibullah". 30 May 2020.

indiatoday.in

"New Afghan leadership's 'national reconciliation' policy signals welcome changes". India Today. 28 February 1987.
"Afghan President Najibullah has no objection to King Zahir Shah participating in new govt". India Today. 31 May 1988. Retrieved 20 September 2023.

intoday.in

indiatoday.intoday.in

"All attempts to take Najibullah safely out of Afghanistan fail". Indiatoday.intoday.in. 15 June 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

irishtimes.com

"Ex president hanged by Taliban after fall of Kabul". Irish Times. 28 September 1996. Retrieved 2 October 2021.

jstor.org

Khan, Iqbal Ahmed (2013). "The Confused Pashtun". Economic and Political Weekly. 48 (31): 25–27. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 23527943.
Ahady, Anwar-ul-Haq (1995). "The Decline of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan". Asian Survey. 35 (7): 621–634. doi:10.2307/2645419. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2645419.

kirkusreviews.com

"The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers". Kirkus Reviews. 15 May 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.

memri.org

"WARNING – GRAPHIC: Anti-Taliban Pashtun Nationalists And Democrats Mark Afghan Taliban's Hanging Of Former President Dr. Najibullah In 1996 – The Afghan Taliban Had Threatened To Execute President Ashraf Ghani". MEMRI. Retrieved 20 September 2023.

nyjournalofbooks.com

Silverman, Jerry Mark. "The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and The Failures of Great Powers". New York Journal of Books. Retrieved 28 July 2011.

qz.com

"Murder of a president: How India and the UN mucked up completely in Afghanistan". Gz.com. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

rediff.com

"Exclusive! How India reached out to the Afghan Mujahideen". Rediff.com. Retrieved 17 December 2017.

rsva.ru

Пластун В.Н., Андрианов В.В. (1999). "Наджибулла. Афганистан в тисках геополитики". Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2011.

thenation.com

Parenti, Christian (17 April 2012). "Ideology and Electricity: The Soviet Experience in Afghanistan – The Nation". Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via www.thenation.com. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)

thepashtuntimes.com

"Shift Dr. Najibullah's corpse to Kabul: Paktia residents – The Pashtun Times". 30 August 2016.

tolonews.com

"Researchers Blame Pakistan's ISI For Death Of Ex-President Najibullah". TOLOnews. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
"Researchers Blame Pakistan's ISI for Death of Ex-President Najibullah".

un.org

press.un.org

"DAILY PRESS BRIEFING OF OFFICE OF SPOKESMAN FOR SECRETARY-GENERAL | UN Press". press.un.org. Retrieved 20 September 2023.

un.org

"Situation of human rights in Afghanistan" United Nations Resolution 51/108, Article 10. 12 December 1996. Retrieved 15 June 2015 "Endorses the Special Rapporteur's condemnation of the abduction from United Nations premises of the former President of Afghanistan, Mr. Najibullah, and of his brother, and of their subsequent summary execution;"

washingtonpost.com

"SOVIET 'COLLAPSE' SHIFTS THE AXIS OF GLOBAL POLITICS – The Washington Post". The Washington Post.

web.archive.org

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Пластун В.Н., Андрианов В.В. (1999). "Наджибулла. Афганистан в тисках геополитики". Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
Parenti, Christian (17 April 2012). "Ideology and Electricity: The Soviet Experience in Afghanistan – The Nation". Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via www.thenation.com. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
Afghan Biographies – Olumi, Noorulhaq Noor ul Haq Olomi Ulumi Archived 23 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
"Najibullah's Family in India, Government Says". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021.

wilsoncenter.org

Mitrokhin, Vasiliy (July 2002). "The KGB in Afghanistan" (PDF). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. p. 136. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Khan, Iqbal Ahmed (2013). "The Confused Pashtun". Economic and Political Weekly. 48 (31): 25–27. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 23527943.
Ahady, Anwar-ul-Haq (1995). "The Decline of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan". Asian Survey. 35 (7): 621–634. doi:10.2307/2645419. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2645419.

x.com

@muskanajibullah (6 August 2019). "Happy Birthday, #Aba. I remember this day when I was sick; you sat me on your lap & held me close. You knew what it…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

youtube.com

Interview with General Tokhi. Relevant section from 09.40 min. – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MPzl7DnrTg
Afghanistan ex-president Dr Najeebullah speech about Pakistan., 7 October 2020, retrieved 20 September 2023