Panama Canal (English Wikipedia)

"Proposal for the Expansion of the Panama Canal" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. 24 April 2006. p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011.

americanantiquarian.org

1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved 29 February 2024.

americanshipper.com

"Contract dispute jeopardizes Panama Canal schedule". American Shipper. 2 January 2014. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2014.

ap.org

bigstory.ap.org

Zamorano, Juan; Martinez, Kathia (26 June 2016). "Panama Canal opens $5B locks, bullish despite shipping woes". The Big Story. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 26 June 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

archive.org

McCullough 1977, pp. 28–30. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, p. 38. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 35–37. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 19–22, 40–44, 59. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 49–55, 57. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 60–61. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 61–63. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, p. 125. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 131–180. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, p. 224. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 272–276. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 276–282. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 305–328. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 361–386. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 273–274. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, p. 440. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, p. 457. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 459–462. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 405–426. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 466–468. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 582–585, 610. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 485–489. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 503–508. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, pp. 540–542. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, p. 607. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.
McCullough 1977, p. 609. McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24409-4.

archive.today

Cullen, Bob (March 2004). "Panama Rises". Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.

asce.org

"Seven Wonders". American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2011.

bbc.co.uk

"Panama Canal reopens after temporary closure". BBC News. 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2010.

news.bbc.co.uk

Monahan, Jane (4 April 2006). "Panama Canal set for $7.5bn revamp". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2006.

bbc.com

"Donald Trump: Panama rejects Trump vow to 'take back' Panama Canal". www.bbc.com.
"Nicaragua launches construction of inter-oceanic canal". BBC. 23 December 2014. Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.

bloomberg.com

"Maersk Line to Dump Panama Canal for Suez as Ships Get Bigger". Bloomberg News. 11 May 2013. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
"Ex-Billionaire Abandons Office in Prime Hong Kong Tower". Bloomberg.com. 26 April 2018. Archived from the original on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
Schmidt, Blake (26 April 2018). "Ex-Billionaire Abandons Office in Prime Hong Kong Tower". Bloomberg. Retrieved 6 February 2022.

bnnbloomberg.ca

McDonald, Michael; Wingrove, Josh; Korte, Gregory (22 December 2024). "Panama's Leader Takes Up Feud With Trump Over Control of Canal". BNN Bloomberg. Retrieved 22 December 2024.

books.google.com

Browne, Sir Thomas (1668). "Book 6, chapter 8". On the River Nile (4th ed.). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
Corporation, Bonnier (5 July 1902). "Popular Science". Bonnier Corporation – via Google Books.
Lowe, Vaughan (28 September 2007). International Law. Oxford University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-19-150907-0. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
Committee On Appropriations, United States. Congress. House (1913). "Col. Goethals testimony". The Panama Canal Congressional Hearings 1909. p. 15. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
"Panama Dam to Aid Canal Traffic". Popular Mechanics. Bonnier Corporation. January 1930. p. 25. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2016.

buckinghamcovers.com

"Buckingham First Day Covers". Internet Stamps Group Limited. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2014.

businesspanama.com

"The Panama Canal". Business in Panama. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.

cambridge.org

Roque, Fernando (18 February 2022), Lake Gatun Panama Canal: Machine Learning grouping high vegetable activity regions during the year 2019 droughts, doi:10.33774/coe-2022-k4gwr, retrieved 16 December 2024

cet.edu

Pre-Canal History Archived December 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, from Global Perspectives

charlotteobserver.com

Smith, Bruce (9 September 2014). "Maritime panel to hold sessions on port congestion". Charlotte Observer. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.

chicagotribune.com

archives.chicagotribune.com

"Wilson blows up last big barrier in Panama Canal". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. 11 October 1913. p. 1. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.

cnbc.com

Mangan, Dan (20 January 2025). "Trump inauguration live updates: New president vows to retake Panama Canal, plant flag on Mars". CNBC. Retrieved 20 January 2025.

cnn.com

Mattingly, Phil; Seger, Andrew (17 January 2025). "Trump's Panama Canal threats leave country's officials scrambling for answers | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
Nettleton, Steve (2000). "Transfer heavy on symbolism, light on change". CNN Interactive. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008.

colliers.com

Lipton, Eric (22 November 2004). "New York Port Hums Again, With Asian Trade". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2005.

columbia.edu

"COLUMBUS-AMERICA DISCOVERY GROUP and the SS CENTRAL AMERICA" (PDF). columbia.edu. Retrieved 10 November 2024.

cri.cn

english.cri.cn

"Entrance to Panama Canal Bridge Closed due to Rain Damage". 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.

czbrats.com

Avery, Ralph E. (1913). "The French Failure". America's Triumph in Panama. Chicago, IL: L.W. Walter Company. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
The Panama Canal Service Medal – The "Junk" Medal.
"Col. David D.B. Gaillard". www.czbrats.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
"Enlarging the Panama Canal". czbrats.com. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2006.
"The Martyrs of 1964". www.czbrats.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

czimages.com

"Presentation on the Third Locks Project – Panama Canal Zone". czimages.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2006.
Mack, Gerstle (1944). The Land Divided—A History of the Panama Canal and other Isthmian Canal Projects. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2006.

defensenews.com

Sevunts, Levon (12 June 2005). "Northwest Passage redux". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2009. See also: Comte, Michel (22 December 2005). "Conservative Leader Harper Asserts Canada's Arctic Claims". DefenceNews.com (Agence France-Presse). Retrieved 23 February 2006.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

digtriad.com

"Rain Causes Panama Canal Bridge To Collapse". digtriad.com. 12 December 2010. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2012.

doi.org

Coker, William S. (1968). "The Panama Canal Tolls Controversy: A Different Perspective". The Journal of American History. 55 (3): 555–564. doi:10.2307/1891013. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 1891013.
Figueroa, Victor; Gayoso, Jorge; Oyarzun, Edgardo; Planas, Lenia (1998). "Investigación aplicada sobre Geografía Urbana: Un caso práctico en la ciudad de Valdivia" [Applied research on Urban Geography: A practical case in the city of Valdivia]. Gestión Turistica (in Spanish) (3). UACh: 107–148. doi:10.4206/gest.tur.1998.n3-06. ISSN 0717-1811. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014.
Dodds, Klaus (9 December 2012). "The Falkland Islands as a 'Strategic Gateway'". The RUSI Journal. 157 (6): 8–25. doi:10.1080/03071847.2012.750882. S2CID 154575728.
Alarcón, Luis F.; Ashley, David B.; Sucre de Hanily, Angelique; Molenaar, Keith R.; Ungo, Ricardo (October 2011). "Risk Planning and Management for the Panama Canal Expansion Program". Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 137 (10): 762–771. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000317.
Condit, Richard; Robinson, W. Douglas; Ibáñez, Roberto (May 2001). "The Status of the Panama Canal Watershed and Its Biodiversity at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Long-term ecological studies reveal a diverse flora and fauna near the Panama Canal, harbored within a corridor of forest stretching from the Caribbean to the Pacific, but deforestation, land degradation, erosion, and overhunting remain threats". BioScience. 51: 389–398. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0389:TSOTPC]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85832166.
Muirhead, Jim R.; Minton, Mark S.; Miller, Whitman A.; Ruiz, Gregory M. (2015). "Projected effects of the Panama Canal expansion on shipping traffic and biological invasions". Diversity and Distributions. 21 (1): 75–87. doi:10.1111/ddi.12260. ISSN 1472-4642.
Jackson, J. B.; Cubit, J. D.; Keller, B. D.; Batista, V.; Burns, K.; Caffey, H. M.; Caldwell, R. L.; Garrity, S. D.; Getter, C. D.; Gonzalez, C.; Guzman, H. M.; Kaufmann, K. W.; Knap, A. H.; Levings, S. C.; Marshall, M. J. (6 January 1989). "Ecological effects of a major oil spill on panamanian coastal marine communities". Science. 243 (4887): 37–44. doi:10.1126/science.243.4887.37. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17780421.
Roque, Fernando (18 February 2022), Lake Gatun Panama Canal: Machine Learning grouping high vegetable activity regions during the year 2019 droughts, doi:10.33774/coe-2022-k4gwr, retrieved 16 December 2024

dtic.mil

handle.dtic.mil

"The Panama Canal: Writings of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Officers Who Conceived and Built It". p. 1. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

dw.com

"Panama: Protesters say 'enemy' Trump must leave canal alone". Deutsche Welle. 25 December 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
Guzmán, Nicolás (23 November 2022). "El histórico corredor interoceánico que revivió AMLO". DW Español (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.

eclipse.co.uk

"The Panama Canal". Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2007.

economist.com

"A plan to unlock prosperity". The Economist. 3 December 2009. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.

eia.gov

"Panama Canal expansion will allow transit of larger ships with greater volumes". Today in Energy. EIA. 17 September 2014. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.

elfinanciero.com.mx

Valdelamar, Jassiel (31 May 2023). "Corredor Interoceánico de AMLO y Canal de Panamá pueden ser 'compitas', destaca embajador". El Financiero (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2023.

elfinancierocr.com

"Incertidumbres financieras desvanecen sueño de canal en Nicaragua". El Financiero (in Spanish). AFP. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2023.

elpais.com

Villa Román, Elisa (1 October 2023). "Tren Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec: ruta completa, estaciones y fechas de inauguración". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2023.

encyclopedia.com

"Hay-Herran Treaty (1903)".

expansion.mx

Toletino Morales, Juan (30 May 2023). "Ferrocarril del Istmo: a un siglo, ¿qué puede (volver a) salir mal?". Expansión (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2023.

farodiroma.it

web, redazione (3 October 2018). "TOC Conference 2018 Panama. Cenni storici del Canale di Panama (di A. Martinengo)". FarodiRoma (in Italian). Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

fmc.gov

"Commissioner Louis E. Sola Honored with Master Key and Honorary Lead Pilot". Federal Maritime Commission. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.

france24.com

"Panamanians protest 'public enemy' Trump's canal threat". France 24. Panama City. 24 December 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.

ft.com

Politi, James; Murray, Christine (7 January 2025). "Donald Trump refuses to rule out force to take Greenland and Panama Canal". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 January 2025.

google.com

"The Press Association: Panama flooding displaces thousands". 12 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.^{[dead link‍]}

govinfo.gov

"Panama_Canal_Phase_I_Report_-_20Nov2013.docx" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.

hellenicshippingnews.com

Dredging News Online (1 September 2014). "Panama Canal Authority updates Maersk Line on expansion programme". Hellenic Shipping News. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2014.

history.com

"07 September 1977: Panama to control canal". History.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
"U.S. agrees to transfer Panama Canal to Panama". History.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

historyextra.com

Delano, Anthony (9 November 2016). "America's devious dream: Roosevelt and the Panama Canal". HistoryExtra. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

huffingtonpost.com

"Here's Why The Panama Canal Expansion Has Everyone Excited". TheHuffingtonPost.com. 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2020. The Canal previously accounted for about 15 percent of the country's GDP

ibtimes.com

Huffman, Alan (15 August 2014). "Panama Canal's 48 Miles To An 'American Century'". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

industcards.com

"Hydroelectric Plants in Panama". 5 July 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2016.

jstor.org

Coker, William S. (1968). "The Panama Canal Tolls Controversy: A Different Perspective". The Journal of American History. 55 (3): 555–564. doi:10.2307/1891013. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 1891013.

kinnaird.net

"Darien Expedition". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2007.

laestrella.com.pa

"NOTICIAS PANAMÁ—PERIÓDICO LA ESTRELLA ONLINE: Gobierno abrirá parcialmente Puente Centenario; Corredores serán gratis [Al Minuto]". 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.

lindahall.org

panama.lindahall.org

"A Century of Progress: A Century of Slides". The Land Divided, The World United. Kansa City, Missouri: Linda Hall Library. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.

lr.org

"Infosheet No. 30: Modern ship size definitions" (PDF). Lloyd's Register. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2012.

maritime-executive.com

Stone, Kathryn (10 June 2015). "Flooding of Expanded Panama Canal Begins". The Maritime Executive. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.

mch.cl

Barros M., María Celia (6 April 2015). "Una mina centenaria". mch.cl (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

mediargus.be

"De Nul dredging company to build locks in Panama Canal". Flanders Today. 17 July 2009. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015.

memoriachilena.cl

"La economía ovejera en Magallanes (1876–1930)", Memoria Chilena (in Spanish), Biblioteca Nacional de Chile, archived from the original on 19 October 2013, retrieved 30 June 2013

mercatrade.com

"9 Facts about the Panama Canal Expansion – Infographic". Mercatrade. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.

mexicodailypost.com

"Interoceanic Corridor in Mexico will move 1.4 million containers a year". Mexico Daily Post. 10 November 2022. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.

micanaldepanama.com

Autoridad del Canal de Panamá – Oficina de investigación y análisis de mercado (15 October 2012). "Jerarquización de países por flujo de carga a través del canal de Panamá – Año fiscal 2012 (Toneladas largas)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
Panama Canal Authority (20 February 2014). "Panama Canal New Locks Project Works Resume". Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Panama Canal Authority (10 June 2014). "Second Shipment of new gates arrive at the Panama Canal". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

minneapolisfed.org

1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved 29 February 2024.

montclair.edu

"Professional Resources in Science and Mathematics (PRISM)". Retrieved 1 May 2023.

myfwc.com

"Asian Green Mussels". Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission. Retrieved 16 December 2024.

navy.mil

history.navy.mil

"Certificate from the Esteemed Order of Bearers of the Master Key to the Panama Canal Making Admiral Arleigh Burke an Honorary Lead Pilot". NHHC. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2022.

nbcnews.com

"Panama approves $5.25 billion canal expansion". NBC News. 22 October 2006. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2019.

newsroompanama.com

"Aftermath of Panama flooding hits transport and finances—rain continues". 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jackson, J. B.; Cubit, J. D.; Keller, B. D.; Batista, V.; Burns, K.; Caffey, H. M.; Caldwell, R. L.; Garrity, S. D.; Getter, C. D.; Gonzalez, C.; Guzman, H. M.; Kaufmann, K. W.; Knap, A. H.; Levings, S. C.; Marshall, M. J. (6 January 1989). "Ecological effects of a major oil spill on panamanian coastal marine communities". Science. 243 (4887): 37–44. doi:10.1126/science.243.4887.37. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17780421.

noaa.gov

historicals.ncd.noaa.gov

"Historical Map & Chart Project". NOAA. Archived from the original on 5 September 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.

nytimes.com

Fountain, Henry (17 May 2019). "What Panama's Worst Drought Means for Its Canal's Future". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
Bogdanich, Walt; Williams, Jacqueline; Méndez, Ana Graciela (22 June 2016). "The New Panama Canal: A Risky Bet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
Romero, Simon (3 October 2015). "China's Ambitious Rail Projects Crash Into Harsh Realities in Latin America". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021.

opendemocracy.net

Goldberg, Beverly (27 August 2018). "Is the Nicaraguan mega-canal failure good news for indigenous communities?". Open Democracy. Archived from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2023.

opportimes.com

"What is the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (CIIT)?". Opportimes. 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.

panamacanal.net

"The Panama Canal – All You Need to Know". Panama Passion. 11 July 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2023.

panampost.com

"Four Years Later, China-Backed Nicaragua Canal Struggles to Take Off the Ground". 23 August 2017. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2022.

pancanal.com

Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. "Así es el Canal". Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. Buques de todo el mundo transitan a diario a través del canal de Panamá. Entre 13 mil y 14 mil barcos utilizan, cada año, el canal. De hecho, las actividades de transporte comercial a través del canal representan alrededor del 5 % de comercio mundial.
"Panama Canal Traffic—Years 1914–2010". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
"A History of the Panama Canal: French and American Construction Efforts". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2007.; Chapter 3, Some Early Canal Plans Archived 2 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Panama Canal Official Site (Archived 10 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine) select chapter "The French Canal Construction" – Retrieved 9 November 2021
"Read our history: American Canal Construction". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
"Panama Canal Traffic—Fiscal Years 2002–2004" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2005. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
"Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
"New Panamax publication by ACP" (PDF). November 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Marine Tariff". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
| Panama Canal Toll Table ^{[permanent dead link‍]}
"Maritime Services". www.pancanal.com. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
"Toll Tariffs Approved By Cabinet Council And Published On The Official Gazzette. Implementation: 1 October 2017 (Fy 2018)" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
"About ACP". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
"ACP 2005 Annual Report" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
"News—PanCanal.com; Panama Canal Authority Announces Fiscal Year 2008 Metrics". Panama Canal Authority. 24 October 2008. Archived from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
"News—PanCanal.com; Panama Canal Authority Announces Fiscal Year 2009 Metrics". Panama Canal Authority. 30 October 2009. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
"ACP 2009 Annual Report" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
"Panama Canal Traffic—Fiscal Years 2013 through 2015" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2016.
"Physical characteristics of the waterway". Panama Canal Authority. 2001. Archived from the original on 14 October 2001. Retrieved 26 August 2023. How much water is required to fill a lock chamber? Each lock chamber requires 101,000 cubic meters of water. An average of 52 million gallons of fresh water are used.
"Panama Canal to increase daily transits to 24 starting in January". Panama Canal Authority. 15 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
"Relevant Information on the Third Set of Locks Project" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. 24 April 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2006.
"Panama Canal Authority: Panama Canal Expansion is "2009 Project Finance Deal of the Year", 12 March 2010". Pancanal.com. 12 March 2010. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
Panama Canal Authority (19 June 2012). "Panama Canal Completes First Monolith at the New Pacific Locks". Archived from the original on 3 July 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Panama Canal Authority (20 August 2014). "Panama Canal Updates Maersk Line on Expansion Program". Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
Panama Canal Authority (11 June 2015). "Panama Canal Expansion Begins Filling of New Locks". Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
Panama Canal Authority (22 June 2015). "Panama Canal Expansion Moves Ahead with Filling of New Pacific Locks". Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
Panama Canal Authority (23 March 2016). "Panama Canal Inaugurates Scale Model Training Facility, Announces Expansion Inauguration Date". Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.

pdx.edu

upa.pdx.edu

Hanson, David C. "Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal" (PDF). Virginia Western Community College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

politico.com

Bazail-Eimil, Eric (21 December 2024). "Trump threatens to retake Panama Canal". POLITICO. Retrieved 22 December 2022.

politico.eu

"Trump refuses to rule out using military force to take Greenland and Panama Canal". POLITICO. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.

popularmechanics.com

Reagan, Brad (February 2007). "The Panama Canal's Ultimate Upgrade". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007.
Kaufman, Andrew (February 2010). "The Panama Canal Gets a New Lane". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 6 February 2010.

prensa.com

mensual.prensa.com

"ACP rectifica récord en pago de peaje" (in Spanish). La Prensa. 24 June 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
"Cupo de subasta del Canal alcanza récord. La Prensa. Sección Economía & Negocios. Edición 25 August 2006 in Spanish". Mensual.prensa.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2009.

ediciones.prensa.com

"Récord en pago de peajes y reserva". La Prensa. Ediciones.prensa.com. 24 April 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2009.

proceso.com.mx

""El 22 de diciembre se inaugura el Tren del Istmo": AMLO". Proceso (in Spanish). 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.

psmsl.org

"Frequently Asked Questions". psmsl.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

reuters.com

"Work starts on biggest-ever Panama Canal overhaul". Reuters. 4 September 2007. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
Lomi Kriel; Elida Moreno (8 January 2014). "Panama Canal refuses to pay $1 billion more for expansion work". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2014.

sandandgravel.com

Dredging News Online (29 August 2014). "Panama Canal Authority updates Maersk Line on expansion programme". Dredging News Online. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2014.

scielo.cl

Martinic Beros, Mateo (2001), "La actividad industrial en Magallanes entre 1890 y mediados del siglo XX", Historia, 34, archived from the original on 2 July 2017, retrieved 4 July 2014

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Dodds, Klaus (9 December 2012). "The Falkland Islands as a 'Strategic Gateway'". The RUSI Journal. 157 (6): 8–25. doi:10.1080/03071847.2012.750882. S2CID 154575728.
Condit, Richard; Robinson, W. Douglas; Ibáñez, Roberto (May 2001). "The Status of the Panama Canal Watershed and Its Biodiversity at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Long-term ecological studies reveal a diverse flora and fauna near the Panama Canal, harbored within a corridor of forest stretching from the Caribbean to the Pacific, but deforestation, land degradation, erosion, and overhunting remain threats". BioScience. 51: 389–398. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0389:TSOTPC]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85832166.

shipandbunker.com

Ship and Bunker (2 July 2012). "Delay Confirmed on Panama Canal Expansion Project". Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.

smithsonianmag.com

Cullen, Bob (March 2004). "Panama Rises". Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.

state.gov

history.state.gov

"MILESTONES: 1953–1960". Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2023.

the-american-interest.com

Cropsey, Seth (9 April 2018). "China sets its sights on South America". The American Interest. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2023. China has abandoned its attempts to construct a Nicaraguan Canal to compete with its Panamanian counterpart.

theguardian.com

Yerushalmy, Jonathan (22 December 2023). "Changing climate casts a shadow over the future of the Panama Canal – and global trade". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
Parker, Matthew (28 February 2007). "Changing course". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
Branigan, Tania (14 February 2011). "China goes on the rails to rival Panama canal". The Guardian. Additional research by Lin Yi. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021.

theloadstar.co.uk

Van Marle, Gavin (July 2013). "Canal mania hits central America with three more Atlantic-Pacific projects". The Load Star. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2014.

thepanamanews.com

Jackson, Eric (2007). Shipping industry complains about PanCanal toll hikes. Archived from the original on 18 April 2010.

trust.org

news.trust.org

"Can a coast-to-coast canal solve Nicaragua's poverty problem?". Thomson Reuters Foundation News. 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.

u-s-history.com

"Hay-Herrán Treaty". U-S-history.com. 18 November 1903. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.

uach.cl

mingaonline.uach.cl

Figueroa, Victor; Gayoso, Jorge; Oyarzun, Edgardo; Planas, Lenia (1998). "Investigación aplicada sobre Geografía Urbana: Un caso práctico en la ciudad de Valdivia" [Applied research on Urban Geography: A practical case in the city of Valdivia]. Gestión Turistica (in Spanish) (3). UACh: 107–148. doi:10.4206/gest.tur.1998.n3-06. ISSN 0717-1811. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014.

ufl.edu

pcmc.uflib.ufl.edu

"Roosevelt Medal Holders". Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.

usatoday.com

traveltips.usatoday.com

"US Today Travel: Panama Canal Facts". USA Today. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2012.

uvm.edu

scholarworks.uvm.edu

Colby, Gerard (1 January 2020). "William S. Culbertson and The Search for The Geopolitical Imperium". Graduate College Dissertations and Theses.

walleniuswilhelmsen.com

"Location, location, location – Why the Panama Canal matters". Wallenius Wilhelmsen. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.

washingtonpost.com

Sheridan, Mary Beth (24 August 2023). "Traffic jam at Panama Canal as water level plummets". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
Mooney, Chris (9 September 2016). "That pricey Arctic luxury cruise was just the beginning. Up next: Arctic shipping". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.

washingtontimes.com

Sevunts, Levon (12 June 2005). "Northwest Passage redux". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2009. See also: Comte, Michel (22 December 2005). "Conservative Leader Harper Asserts Canada's Arctic Claims". DefenceNews.com (Agence France-Presse). Retrieved 23 February 2006.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

web.archive.org

Autoridad del Canal de Panamá. "Así es el Canal". Archived from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. Buques de todo el mundo transitan a diario a través del canal de Panamá. Entre 13 mil y 14 mil barcos utilizan, cada año, el canal. De hecho, las actividades de transporte comercial a través del canal representan alrededor del 5 % de comercio mundial.
"Panama Canal Traffic—Years 1914–2010". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 30 December 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
Autoridad del Canal de Panamá – Oficina de investigación y análisis de mercado (15 October 2012). "Jerarquización de países por flujo de carga a través del canal de Panamá – Año fiscal 2012 (Toneladas largas)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
"Seven Wonders". American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from the original on 2 August 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
"A History of the Panama Canal: French and American Construction Efforts". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2007.; Chapter 3, Some Early Canal Plans Archived 2 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Browne, Sir Thomas (1668). "Book 6, chapter 8". On the River Nile (4th ed.). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
"Darien Expedition". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
Pre-Canal History Archived December 19, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, from Global Perspectives
Avery, Ralph E. (1913). "The French Failure". America's Triumph in Panama. Chicago, IL: L.W. Walter Company. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
"Hay-Herrán Treaty". U-S-history.com. 18 November 1903. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Avalon Project—Convention for the Construction of a Ship Canal (Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty), 18 November 1903". Avalon.law.yale.edu. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"07 September 1977: Panama to control canal". History.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
Lowe, Vaughan (28 September 2007). International Law. Oxford University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-19-150907-0. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
Delano, Anthony (9 November 2016). "America's devious dream: Roosevelt and the Panama Canal". HistoryExtra. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
Huffman, Alan (15 August 2014). "Panama Canal's 48 Miles To An 'American Century'". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
Hanson, David C. "Theodore Roosevelt and the Panama Canal" (PDF). Virginia Western Community College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
Committee On Appropriations, United States. Congress. House (1913). "Col. Goethals testimony". The Panama Canal Congressional Hearings 1909. p. 15. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
"U.S. agrees to transfer Panama Canal to Panama". History.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
"Roosevelt Medal Holders". Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
Panama Canal Official Site (Archived 10 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine) select chapter "The French Canal Construction" – Retrieved 9 November 2021
"The Panama Canal: Writings of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Officers Who Conceived and Built It". p. 1. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
"Col. David D.B. Gaillard". www.czbrats.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
"Wilson blows up last big barrier in Panama Canal". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. 11 October 1913. p. 1. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
"Read our history: American Canal Construction". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
Martinic Beros, Mateo (2001), "La actividad industrial en Magallanes entre 1890 y mediados del siglo XX", Historia, 34, archived from the original on 2 July 2017, retrieved 4 July 2014
Figueroa, Victor; Gayoso, Jorge; Oyarzun, Edgardo; Planas, Lenia (1998). "Investigación aplicada sobre Geografía Urbana: Un caso práctico en la ciudad de Valdivia" [Applied research on Urban Geography: A practical case in the city of Valdivia]. Gestión Turistica (in Spanish) (3). UACh: 107–148. doi:10.4206/gest.tur.1998.n3-06. ISSN 0717-1811. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014.
"A Century of Progress: A Century of Slides". The Land Divided, The World United. Kansa City, Missouri: Linda Hall Library. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
"La economía ovejera en Magallanes (1876–1930)", Memoria Chilena (in Spanish), Biblioteca Nacional de Chile, archived from the original on 19 October 2013, retrieved 30 June 2013
Barros M., María Celia (6 April 2015). "Una mina centenaria". mch.cl (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
"Panama Dam to Aid Canal Traffic". Popular Mechanics. Bonnier Corporation. January 1930. p. 25. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
"Enlarging the Panama Canal". czbrats.com. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2006.
"Presentation on the Third Locks Project – Panama Canal Zone". czimages.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2006.
"The Martyrs of 1964". www.czbrats.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
"MILESTONES: 1953–1960". Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
"Here's Why The Panama Canal Expansion Has Everyone Excited". TheHuffingtonPost.com. 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2020. The Canal previously accounted for about 15 percent of the country's GDP
"A plan to unlock prosperity". The Economist. 3 December 2009. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
Wonacott, Peter (15 October 1999). "Hutchison Unit's Panama Canal Contract Is Targeted by a U.S. Senate Committee". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
"Panama Canal Traffic—Fiscal Years 2002–2004" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 December 2005. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
"Historical Map & Chart Project". NOAA. Archived from the original on 5 September 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
"Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
"Infosheet No. 30: Modern ship size definitions" (PDF). Lloyd's Register. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2012.
"The Panama Canal". Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2007.
Zamorano, Juan; Martinez, Kathia (26 June 2016). "Panama Canal opens $5B locks, bullish despite shipping woes". The Big Story. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 26 June 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
"New Panamax publication by ACP" (PDF). November 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Marine Tariff". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
"Maritime Services". www.pancanal.com. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
"Toll Tariffs Approved By Cabinet Council And Published On The Official Gazzette. Implementation: 1 October 2017 (Fy 2018)" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
"US Today Travel: Panama Canal Facts". USA Today. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
"ACP rectifica récord en pago de peaje" (in Spanish). La Prensa. 24 June 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
"Récord en pago de peajes y reserva". La Prensa. Ediciones.prensa.com. 24 April 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
"Cupo de subasta del Canal alcanza récord. La Prensa. Sección Economía & Negocios. Edición 25 August 2006 in Spanish". Mensual.prensa.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
"About ACP". Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
"ACP 2005 Annual Report" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
"News—PanCanal.com; Panama Canal Authority Announces Fiscal Year 2008 Metrics". Panama Canal Authority. 24 October 2008. Archived from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
"News—PanCanal.com; Panama Canal Authority Announces Fiscal Year 2009 Metrics". Panama Canal Authority. 30 October 2009. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
Lipton, Eric (22 November 2004). "New York Port Hums Again, With Asian Trade". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2005.
"ACP 2009 Annual Report" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
"Panama Canal Traffic—Fiscal Years 2013 through 2015" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2016.
Nettleton, Steve (2000). "Transfer heavy on symbolism, light on change". CNN Interactive. Archived from the original on 18 December 2008.
"9 Facts about the Panama Canal Expansion – Infographic". Mercatrade. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
"Panama Canal reopens after temporary closure". BBC News. 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
"NOTICIAS PANAMÁ—PERIÓDICO LA ESTRELLA ONLINE: Gobierno abrirá parcialmente Puente Centenario; Corredores serán gratis [Al Minuto]". 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
"Rain Causes Panama Canal Bridge To Collapse". digtriad.com. 12 December 2010. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
"Entrance to Panama Canal Bridge Closed due to Rain Damage". 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
"Aftermath of Panama flooding hits transport and finances—rain continues". 13 December 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
Mack, Gerstle (1944). The Land Divided—A History of the Panama Canal and other Isthmian Canal Projects. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2006.
"Proposal for the Expansion of the Panama Canal" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. 24 April 2006. p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011.
"Panama Canal expansion will allow transit of larger ships with greater volumes". Today in Energy. EIA. 17 September 2014. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Jackson, Eric (2007). Shipping industry complains about PanCanal toll hikes. Archived from the original on 18 April 2010.
"Maersk Line to Dump Panama Canal for Suez as Ships Get Bigger". Bloomberg News. 11 May 2013. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
"Panama_Canal_Phase_I_Report_-_20Nov2013.docx" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
De Cordoba, Jose (13 June 2013). "Nicaragua Revives Its Canal Dream". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
"Incertidumbres financieras desvanecen sueño de canal en Nicaragua". El Financiero (in Spanish). AFP. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
Cropsey, Seth (9 April 2018). "China sets its sights on South America". The American Interest. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2023. China has abandoned its attempts to construct a Nicaraguan Canal to compete with its Panamanian counterpart.
Goldberg, Beverly (27 August 2018). "Is the Nicaraguan mega-canal failure good news for indigenous communities?". Open Democracy. Archived from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
"Ex-Billionaire Abandons Office in Prime Hong Kong Tower". Bloomberg.com. 26 April 2018. Archived from the original on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
Sevunts, Levon (12 June 2005). "Northwest Passage redux". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2009. See also: Comte, Michel (22 December 2005). "Conservative Leader Harper Asserts Canada's Arctic Claims". DefenceNews.com (Agence France-Presse). Retrieved 23 February 2006.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
"Physical characteristics of the waterway". Panama Canal Authority. 2001. Archived from the original on 14 October 2001. Retrieved 26 August 2023. How much water is required to fill a lock chamber? Each lock chamber requires 101,000 cubic meters of water. An average of 52 million gallons of fresh water are used.
Fountain, Henry (17 May 2019). "What Panama's Worst Drought Means for Its Canal's Future". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
"Frequently Asked Questions". psmsl.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
Jocelyn Timperley (15 January 2020). "The Panama Canal is running out of water". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
Yerushalmy, Jonathan (22 December 2023). "Changing climate casts a shadow over the future of the Panama Canal – and global trade". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
"Relevant Information on the Third Set of Locks Project" (PDF). Panama Canal Authority. 24 April 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2006.
"The Panama Canal". Business in Panama. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
Monahan, Jane (4 April 2006). "Panama Canal set for $7.5bn revamp". BBC News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2006.
"Panama Canal Authority: Panama Canal Expansion is "2009 Project Finance Deal of the Year", 12 March 2010". Pancanal.com. 12 March 2010. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
"Panama approves $5.25 billion canal expansion". NBC News. 22 October 2006. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
Reagan, Brad (February 2007). "The Panama Canal's Ultimate Upgrade". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 6 February 2007.
Kaufman, Andrew (February 2010). "The Panama Canal Gets a New Lane". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 6 February 2010.
"Work starts on biggest-ever Panama Canal overhaul". Reuters. 4 September 2007. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
Panama Canal Authority (19 June 2012). "Panama Canal Completes First Monolith at the New Pacific Locks". Archived from the original on 3 July 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Ship and Bunker (2 July 2012). "Delay Confirmed on Panama Canal Expansion Project". Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Dredging News Online (29 August 2014). "Panama Canal Authority updates Maersk Line on expansion programme". Dredging News Online. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
Dredging News Online (1 September 2014). "Panama Canal Authority updates Maersk Line on expansion programme". Hellenic Shipping News. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
Panama Canal Authority (20 August 2014). "Panama Canal Updates Maersk Line on Expansion Program". Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
Smith, Bruce (9 September 2014). "Maritime panel to hold sessions on port congestion". Charlotte Observer. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
"De Nul dredging company to build locks in Panama Canal". Flanders Today. 17 July 2009. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015.
"Contract dispute jeopardizes Panama Canal schedule". American Shipper. 2 January 2014. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
Lomi Kriel; Elida Moreno (8 January 2014). "Panama Canal refuses to pay $1 billion more for expansion work". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
Panama Canal Authority (20 February 2014). "Panama Canal New Locks Project Works Resume". Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Panama Canal Authority (10 June 2014). "Second Shipment of new gates arrive at the Panama Canal". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Panama Canal Authority (11 June 2015). "Panama Canal Expansion Begins Filling of New Locks". Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
Stone, Kathryn (10 June 2015). "Flooding of Expanded Panama Canal Begins". The Maritime Executive. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
Panama Canal Authority (22 June 2015). "Panama Canal Expansion Moves Ahead with Filling of New Pacific Locks". Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
Panama Canal Authority (23 March 2016). "Panama Canal Inaugurates Scale Model Training Facility, Announces Expansion Inauguration Date". Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
Parker, Matthew (28 February 2007). "Changing course". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
"Nicaragua launches construction of inter-oceanic canal". BBC. 23 December 2014. Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
"Can a coast-to-coast canal solve Nicaragua's poverty problem?". Thomson Reuters Foundation News. 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
"Four Years Later, China-Backed Nicaragua Canal Struggles to Take Off the Ground". 23 August 2017. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
Rathbone, John Paul; Mapstone, Naomi (13 February 2011). "China in talks over Panama Canal rival". Financial Times. Additional reporting by Geoff Dyer and Robert Wright. Archived from the original on 15 February 2011.
Branigan, Tania (14 February 2011). "China goes on the rails to rival Panama canal". The Guardian. Additional research by Lin Yi. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021.
Romero, Simon (3 October 2015). "China's Ambitious Rail Projects Crash Into Harsh Realities in Latin America". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021.
Mooney, Chris (9 September 2016). "That pricey Arctic luxury cruise was just the beginning. Up next: Arctic shipping". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
"What is the Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (CIIT)?". Opportimes. 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
""El 22 de diciembre se inaugura el Tren del Istmo": AMLO". Proceso (in Spanish). 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
Villa Román, Elisa (1 October 2023). "Tren Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec: ruta completa, estaciones y fechas de inauguración". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
"Interoceanic Corridor in Mexico will move 1.4 million containers a year". Mexico Daily Post. 10 November 2022. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
Toletino Morales, Juan (30 May 2023). "Ferrocarril del Istmo: a un siglo, ¿qué puede (volver a) salir mal?". Expansión (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
Valdelamar, Jassiel (31 May 2023). "Corredor Interoceánico de AMLO y Canal de Panamá pueden ser 'compitas', destaca embajador". El Financiero (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
Guzmán, Nicolás (23 November 2022). "El histórico corredor interoceánico que revivió AMLO". DW Español (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
Van Marle, Gavin (July 2013). "Canal mania hits central America with three more Atlantic-Pacific projects". The Load Star. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
"Certificate from the Esteemed Order of Bearers of the Master Key to the Panama Canal Making Admiral Arleigh Burke an Honorary Lead Pilot". NHHC. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
"Commissioner Louis E. Sola Honored with Master Key and Honorary Lead Pilot". Federal Maritime Commission. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
web, redazione (3 October 2018). "TOC Conference 2018 Panama. Cenni storici del Canale di Panama (di A. Martinengo)". FarodiRoma (in Italian). Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
"Buckingham First Day Covers". Internet Stamps Group Limited. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2014.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Panama Canal" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 670.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Muirhead, Jim R.; Minton, Mark S.; Miller, Whitman A.; Ruiz, Gregory M. (2015). "Projected effects of the Panama Canal expansion on shipping traffic and biological invasions". Diversity and Distributions. 21 (1): 75–87. doi:10.1111/ddi.12260. ISSN 1472-4642.

wired.co.uk

Jocelyn Timperley (15 January 2020). "The Panama Canal is running out of water". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2023.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Coker, William S. (1968). "The Panama Canal Tolls Controversy: A Different Perspective". The Journal of American History. 55 (3): 555–564. doi:10.2307/1891013. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 1891013.
Figueroa, Victor; Gayoso, Jorge; Oyarzun, Edgardo; Planas, Lenia (1998). "Investigación aplicada sobre Geografía Urbana: Un caso práctico en la ciudad de Valdivia" [Applied research on Urban Geography: A practical case in the city of Valdivia]. Gestión Turistica (in Spanish) (3). UACh: 107–148. doi:10.4206/gest.tur.1998.n3-06. ISSN 0717-1811. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014.
Wonacott, Peter (15 October 1999). "Hutchison Unit's Panama Canal Contract Is Targeted by a U.S. Senate Committee". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
Fountain, Henry (17 May 2019). "What Panama's Worst Drought Means for Its Canal's Future". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
Sheridan, Mary Beth (24 August 2023). "Traffic jam at Panama Canal as water level plummets". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
Jocelyn Timperley (15 January 2020). "The Panama Canal is running out of water". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
Bogdanich, Walt; Williams, Jacqueline; Méndez, Ana Graciela (22 June 2016). "The New Panama Canal: A Risky Bet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
Parker, Matthew (28 February 2007). "Changing course". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
Muirhead, Jim R.; Minton, Mark S.; Miller, Whitman A.; Ruiz, Gregory M. (2015). "Projected effects of the Panama Canal expansion on shipping traffic and biological invasions". Diversity and Distributions. 21 (1): 75–87. doi:10.1111/ddi.12260. ISSN 1472-4642.
Jackson, J. B.; Cubit, J. D.; Keller, B. D.; Batista, V.; Burns, K.; Caffey, H. M.; Caldwell, R. L.; Garrity, S. D.; Getter, C. D.; Gonzalez, C.; Guzman, H. M.; Kaufmann, K. W.; Knap, A. H.; Levings, S. C.; Marshall, M. J. (6 January 1989). "Ecological effects of a major oil spill on panamanian coastal marine communities". Science. 243 (4887): 37–44. doi:10.1126/science.243.4887.37. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17780421.

wsj.com

Wonacott, Peter (15 October 1999). "Hutchison Unit's Panama Canal Contract Is Targeted by a U.S. Senate Committee". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.

online.wsj.com

De Cordoba, Jose (13 June 2013). "Nicaragua Revives Its Canal Dream". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2022.

yale.edu

avalon.law.yale.edu

"Avalon Project—Convention for the Construction of a Ship Canal (Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty), 18 November 1903". Avalon.law.yale.edu. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2010.