Plea bargain (English Wikipedia)

Buonomo, Giampiero (21 October 2000). "Sul rapporto tra patteggiamento e condanna penale". Academia.edu (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

archive.org

Yant, Martin (1991). Presumed Guilty: When Innocent People Are Wrongly Convicted. New York: Prometheus Books. p. 172. ISBN 978-0879756437.

austlii.edu.au

"Guideline judgement of R v Thomson; R v Houlton [200] NSWCCA 309". Australasian Legal Information Institute. 17 August 2000. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

bailii.org

R v Goodyear [2005] EWCA Crim 888 (19 April 2005), Court of Appeal (England and Wales)

bloomberg.com

Reidy, Gearoid (2018-11-19). "Ghosn's Downfall Sparks Questions on Links to Property, Expenses". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2018-11-20.

books.google.com

Johnson, David T. (2002). The Japanese Way of Justice : Prosecuting Crime in Japan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195344233. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
Turner, Jenia I. (2013). "Plea bargaining". In Linda Carter; Fausto Pocar (eds.). International Criminal Procedure: The Interface of Civil Law and Common Law Legal Systems. London: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. p. 40. ISBN 9780857939586. Retrieved February 13, 2014.

ca.gov

courtinfo.ca.gov

See Form CR-101, Plea Form With Explanations and Waiver of Rights-Felony Archived 2009-10-09 at the Wayback Machine, Judicial Council of California.

canestrinilex.com

"Italian criminal trial". Studio Legal Canestrini. 26 March 2012. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

conceptosjuridicos.com

"Sentencia de Conformidad: Concepto y requisitos". 25 February 2019.

cornell.edu

law.cornell.edu

"Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rule 11. Pleas". Legal Information Institute. Cornell Law School. 2011-11-30. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

cps.gov.uk

"Code for Crown Prosecutors – Selection of Charges". Crown Prosecution Service. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"Directors' Guidance to accompany the Attorney General's Guidelines on Plea Discussions in cases of Serious or Complex Fraud". Crown Prosecution Service. 24 May 2012.
"Code for Crown Prosecutors – Accepting Guilty Pleas". Crown Prosecution Service. Archived from the original on 2013-08-28. Retrieved 2013-11-21.

doi.org

Langer, Máximo (13 January 2021). "Plea Bargaining, Conviction Without Trial, and the Global Administratization of Criminal Convictions". Annual Review of Criminology. 4 (1): 377–411. doi:10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092255.
Thomas, C.; Cadoff, B.; Wolff, K. T.; Chauhan, P. (2022), "How do the consequences of pretrial detention on guilty pleas and carceral sentences vary between misdemeanor and felony cases?", Journal of Criminal Justice, 82 (4): 102008, doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.102008, S2CID 253991546
Langbein, John (1978). "Torture and Plea Bargaining" (PDF). The University of Chicago Law Review. 46 (1): 3–22. doi:10.2307/1599287. JSTOR 1599287. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
Avishalom, Tor; Gazal-Ayal, Oren; Garcia, Stephen M. (March 2010). "Fairness and the Willingness to Accept Plea Bargain Offers". Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. 7 (1): 97–116. doi:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2009.01171.x.
Schulhofer, Stephen J. (June 1992). "Plea Bargaining as Disaster". The Yale Law Journal. 101 (8): 1979–2009. doi:10.2307/796954. JSTOR 796954.
Alschuler, Albert W. (1979). "Plea Bargaining and Its History". Colum. L. Rev. 79 (1): 1–43. doi:10.2307/1122051. JSTOR 1122051.
JE Ross (2006), "The Entrenched Position of Plea Bargaining in United States Legal Practice", American Journal of Comparative Law, 54: 717–732, doi:10.1093/ajcl/54.suppl1.717, JSTOR 20454559
"H. Gesamtergebnis - Nomos eLibrary". www.nomos-elibrary.de (in German). doi:10.5771/9783748922094-504/h-gesamtergebnis?page=1. Retrieved 2025-06-19.
Langer, Máximo (2024-04-16), "Plea bargaining as second-best criminal adjudication and the future of criminal procedure thought in global perspective", Research Handbook on Plea Bargaining and Criminal Justice, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 552–574, ISBN 978-1-80220-667-8, retrieved 2025-02-11

encyclopediecanadienne.ca

A. Pringle. "Plea Bargaining - The Canadian Encyclopedia". Encyclopediecanadienne.ca. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2012-03-14.

gesetze-im-internet.de

"German Code of Criminal Procedure (Strafprozeßordnung – StPO)". www.gesetze-im-internet.de. Retrieved 2025-06-19.

heinonline.org

Kipnis, Kenneth (1978–1979). "Plea Bargaining: A Critic's Rejoinder". Law & Society Review. 13: 555. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11.
Herrmann, Joachim (1991–1992), "Bargaining Justice - A Bargain for German Criminal Justice", University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 53: 755, archived from the original on 2015-05-02

heinonlinebackup.com

Bibas, Stephanos (2001–2002), Apprendi and the Dynamics of Guilty Pleas, vol. 54, Stan. L. Rev., p. 311, archived from the original on 2012-01-18
Goldstein, Abraham S. (1997), Converging Criminal Justice Systems: Guilty Pleas and the Public Interest, vol. 31, Isr. L. Rev., p. 169, archived from the original on 2012-01-19

hoejesteret.dk

Supreme Court of Denmark (2009-01-09). "Plea bargain" (Press release) (in Danish). Danish Court Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-11-18.

hse.gov.uk

"At the Crown Court – Court Stage – Enforcement Guide (England & Wales)". Health and Safety Executive. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2012-07-31.

indianexpress.com

"Lok Sabha passes three criminal law Bills: Here are the key changes". The Indian Express. 2023-12-21. Retrieved 2024-06-16.

indiankanoon.org

"The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2005". India Kanoon. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"First plea bargaining case in city". Times of India. 15 October 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"RBI clerk sent to 3 yrs in jail". Times of India. 16 October 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

japantimes.co.jp

"Japan's first-ever plea bargain | The Japan Times". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2018-11-20.

jstor.org

Grossman, G. M.; Katz, M. L. (1983). "Plea bargaining and social welfare". American Economic Review. 73 (4): 749–757. JSTOR 1816572.
Langbein, John (1978). "Torture and Plea Bargaining" (PDF). The University of Chicago Law Review. 46 (1): 3–22. doi:10.2307/1599287. JSTOR 1599287. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
Gazal-Ayal, Oren; Tor, Avishalom (November 2012). "The Innocence Effect". Duke Law Journal. 62 (2): 339–401. JSTOR 23364853.
Schulhofer, Stephen J. (June 1992). "Plea Bargaining as Disaster". The Yale Law Journal. 101 (8): 1979–2009. doi:10.2307/796954. JSTOR 796954.
Alschuler, Albert W. (1979). "Plea Bargaining and Its History". Colum. L. Rev. 79 (1): 1–43. doi:10.2307/1122051. JSTOR 1122051.
JE Ross (2006), "The Entrenched Position of Plea Bargaining in United States Legal Practice", American Journal of Comparative Law, 54: 717–732, doi:10.1093/ajcl/54.suppl1.717, JSTOR 20454559

justice.gc.ca

"Victim Participation in the Plea Negotiation Process in canada". Department of Justice. 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

justice.gouv.fr

"Les chiffres-clés de la Justice" (PDF). Ministére de la Justice. October 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

justice.gov.ge

"Plea Bargaining Institute in Georgia". Ministry of Justice of Georgia. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

latimes.com

Raphling, John (17 May 2017). "Plead guilty, go home. Plead not guilty, stay in jail". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.

legislation.gov.uk

"Sentencing Act 2020: Section 73", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 2020 c. 17 (s. 73)

lexisnexis.com

litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com

Luna, Erik (Fall 2007). "Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law-The Relationship between Plea Bargaining and Criminal Code Structure". Marquette Law Review (91): 263–294. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

lmu.edu

digitalcommons.lmu.edu

Levenson, Laurie L. (November 14, 2013). "Peeking Behind the Plea Bargaining Process: Missouri v. Frye & Lafler v. Cooper". Loyola Law School. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.

lto.de

LTO. "Studie: Erlaubte Verständigung oder schmutziger Deal?". Legal Tribune Online (in German). Retrieved 2025-06-19.

mcgeorge.edu

Turner, Jenia Iontcheva (2017). "Plea Bargaining and International Criminal Justice" (PDF). The University of the Pacific Law Review. 48 (2): 219–246. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

nd.edu

scholarship.law.nd.edu

Avishalom, Tor; Gazal-Ayal, Oren; Garcia, Stephen M. (March 2010). "Fairness and the Willingness to Accept Plea Bargain Offers". Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. 7 (1): 97–116. doi:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2009.01171.x.

nikkei.com

"日産の司法取引、内容いつ公表？米国と異なる制度". The Nikkei (in Japanese). 2018-12-11. Retrieved 2018-12-11.

nomos-elibrary.de

"H. Gesamtergebnis - Nomos eLibrary". www.nomos-elibrary.de (in German). doi:10.5771/9783748922094-504/h-gesamtergebnis?page=1. Retrieved 2025-06-19.

northwestern.edu

scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu

Dervan, Lucian E.; Edkins, Vanessa A. (2013). "The Innocent Defendant's Dilemma: An Innovative Empirical Study of Plea Bargaining's Innocence Problem". Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology. 103 (1): 1. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

nytimes.com

Pinto, Nick (13 August 2015). "The Bail Trap". Sunday Magazine. New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017.
Olin, Dirk (September 29, 2002). "The Way We Live Now: 9-29-02: Crash Course; Plea Bargain". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.

openjur.de

"openJur". openjur.de. Retrieved 2025-06-19.

pbs.org

Interview with Judge Michael McSpadden Archived 2017-10-10 at the Wayback Machine PBS interview, December 16, 2003

ppsc-sppc.gc.ca

"Resolution Discussions". Public Prosecution Service of Canada. 31 August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Government of Canada, Department of Justice (2014-09-02). "3.15 Appeals and Interventions in the Provincial and Territorial Courts of Appeal - PPSC". www.ppsc-sppc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2025-01-30.

researchgate.net

Thomas, C.; Cadoff, B.; Wolff, K. T.; Chauhan, P. (2022), "How do the consequences of pretrial detention on guilty pleas and carceral sentences vary between misdemeanor and felony cases?", Journal of Criminal Justice, 82 (4): 102008, doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.102008, S2CID 253991546

retsinformation.dk

Department of Civil Affairs (2016-07-05). "Straffeloven" [The Penal Code]. Retsinformation (in Danish). Danish Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 2017-01-23.
Department of Civil Affairs (2015-07-10). "Konkurrenceloven" [The Competition Law]. Retsinformation (in Danish). Danish Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23.
Department of Civil Affairs (2016-10-28). "Retsplejeloven" [Law on the Administration of Justice]. Retsinformation (in Danish). Danish Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 2017-04-11.

reuters.com

"China passes pilot program for plea bargains". Reuters. 3 September 2016. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Thomas, C.; Cadoff, B.; Wolff, K. T.; Chauhan, P. (2022), "How do the consequences of pretrial detention on guilty pleas and carceral sentences vary between misdemeanor and felony cases?", Journal of Criminal Justice, 82 (4): 102008, doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.102008, S2CID 253991546

sentencingcouncil.org.uk

"Reduction in Sentence for a Guilty Plea" (PDF). Sentencing Council. 1 June 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

theatlantic.com

Wood, Graeme (June 2010). "Hex Appeal". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

thehindu.com

"Plea bargaining comes into effect". The Hindu. 6 July 2006. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

thetimes.com

Bawden, Tom (28 November 2000). "Analysis: the Natwest Three plea bargain". The Times. Retrieved 28 June 2017.

uchicago.edu

chicagounbound.uchicago.edu

Alschuler, Albert W. (1979). "Plea Bargaining and Its History". Colum. L. Rev. 79 (1): 1–43. doi:10.2307/1122051. JSTOR 1122051.

unr.edu

judicialstudies.unr.edu

Langbein, John (1978). "Torture and Plea Bargaining" (PDF). The University of Chicago Law Review. 46 (1): 3–22. doi:10.2307/1599287. JSTOR 1599287. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.

web.archive.org

"Reduction in Sentence for a Guilty Plea" (PDF). Sentencing Council. 1 June 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
Luna, Erik (Fall 2007). "Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law-The Relationship between Plea Bargaining and Criminal Code Structure". Marquette Law Review (91): 263–294. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"Code for Crown Prosecutors – Selection of Charges". Crown Prosecution Service. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Langbein, John (1978). "Torture and Plea Bargaining" (PDF). The University of Chicago Law Review. 46 (1): 3–22. doi:10.2307/1599287. JSTOR 1599287. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
Dervan, Lucian E.; Edkins, Vanessa A. (2013). "The Innocent Defendant's Dilemma: An Innovative Empirical Study of Plea Bargaining's Innocence Problem". Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology. 103 (1): 1. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Pinto, Nick (13 August 2015). "The Bail Trap". Sunday Magazine. New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017.
Kipnis, Kenneth (1978–1979). "Plea Bargaining: A Critic's Rejoinder". Law & Society Review. 13: 555. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11.
"Victim Participation in the Plea Negotiation Process in canada". Department of Justice. 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"Resolution Discussions". Public Prosecution Service of Canada. 31 August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
A. Pringle. "Plea Bargaining - The Canadian Encyclopedia". Encyclopediecanadienne.ca. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2012-03-14.
"Code for Crown Prosecutors – Accepting Guilty Pleas". Crown Prosecution Service. Archived from the original on 2013-08-28. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
"At the Crown Court – Court Stage – Enforcement Guide (England & Wales)". Health and Safety Executive. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2012-07-31.
"The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2005". India Kanoon. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"Plea bargaining comes into effect". The Hindu. 6 July 2006. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"First plea bargaining case in city". Times of India. 15 October 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"RBI clerk sent to 3 yrs in jail". Times of India. 16 October 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Interview with Judge Michael McSpadden Archived 2017-10-10 at the Wayback Machine PBS interview, December 16, 2003
Bibas, Stephanos (2001–2002), Apprendi and the Dynamics of Guilty Pleas, vol. 54, Stan. L. Rev., p. 311, archived from the original on 2012-01-18
"Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rule 11. Pleas". Legal Information Institute. Cornell Law School. 2011-11-30. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
See Form CR-101, Plea Form With Explanations and Waiver of Rights-Felony Archived 2009-10-09 at the Wayback Machine, Judicial Council of California.
Raphling, John (17 May 2017). "Plead guilty, go home. Plead not guilty, stay in jail". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
"Home" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
Turner, Jenia Iontcheva (2017). "Plea Bargaining and International Criminal Justice" (PDF). The University of the Pacific Law Review. 48 (2): 219–246. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"Brazil". 17 July 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
Wood, Graeme (June 2010). "Hex Appeal". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"China passes pilot program for plea bargains". Reuters. 3 September 2016. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
"China Focus: China considers plea bargaining in criminal cases". Xinhua. 8 September 2016. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
Supreme Court of Denmark (2009-01-09). "Plea bargain" (Press release) (in Danish). Danish Court Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-11-18.
Department of Civil Affairs (2016-07-05). "Straffeloven" [The Penal Code]. Retsinformation (in Danish). Danish Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 2017-01-23.
Department of Civil Affairs (2015-07-10). "Konkurrenceloven" [The Competition Law]. Retsinformation (in Danish). Danish Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23.
Department of Civil Affairs (2016-10-28). "Retsplejeloven" [Law on the Administration of Justice]. Retsinformation (in Danish). Danish Ministry of Justice. Archived from the original on 2017-04-11.
"Les chiffres-clés de la Justice" (PDF). Ministére de la Justice. October 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"Plea Bargaining Institute in Georgia". Ministry of Justice of Georgia. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Goldstein, Abraham S. (1997), Converging Criminal Justice Systems: Guilty Pleas and the Public Interest, vol. 31, Isr. L. Rev., p. 169, archived from the original on 2012-01-19
Herrmann, Joachim (1991–1992), "Bargaining Justice - A Bargain for German Criminal Justice", University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 53: 755, archived from the original on 2015-05-02
Buonomo, Giampiero (21 October 2000). "Sul rapporto tra patteggiamento e condanna penale". Academia.edu (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
"Italian criminal trial". Studio Legal Canestrini. 26 March 2012. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Olin, Dirk (September 29, 2002). "The Way We Live Now: 9-29-02: Crash Course; Plea Bargain". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
Levenson, Laurie L. (November 14, 2013). "Peeking Behind the Plea Bargaining Process: Missouri v. Frye & Lafler v. Cooper". Loyola Law School. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.

wilsoncenter.org

"Brazil". 17 July 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.

wispd.org

"Home" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2017-11-04.

xinhuanet.com

"China Focus: China considers plea bargaining in criminal cases". Xinhua. 8 September 2016. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.

yale.edu

digitalcommons.law.yale.edu

Schulhofer, Stephen J. (June 1992). "Plea Bargaining as Disaster". The Yale Law Journal. 101 (8): 1979–2009. doi:10.2307/796954. JSTOR 796954.