Propane (English Wikipedia)

"Facts About Propane: America's Exceptional Energy" (PDF). National Propane Gas Association. April 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2016.

amerigas.com

Amerigas. "Amerigas Material Safety Data Sheet for Odorized Propane" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-09. Retrieved 2011-10-24.

anl.gov

web.ead.anl.gov

Argonne National Laboratory (1999). "Salt Cavern Information Center". Archived from the original on 2007-12-23. Retrieved 2007-12-22.

archive.org

Propane. NIST Standard Reference Data referring to Pittam, D. A.; Pilcher, G. (1972). "Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.—Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases. 68: 2224. doi:10.1039/f19726802224. and Rossini, F.D. (1934). "Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethane, propane, normal butane, and normal pentane". Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. 12 (6): 735–750. doi:10.6028/jres.012.059.

astm.org

"ASTM D1835 - 16 Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases". www.astm.org.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

"Substitutions inverses", Marcellin Berthelot, pp. 48-58 in Annales de chimie et de physique, 3rd ser., 51, Paris : Victor Masson, 1857.

books.google.com

Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences (in French). Vol. 140. Académie des Sciences. 1905.

calor.co.uk

"The difference between butane and propane". Calor Gas News and Views. Calor Gas Ltd UK.

cdc.gov

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0524". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
"Propane". The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Retrieved 2016-05-12. Propane is a simple asphyxiant and does not present an IDLH hazard at concentrations below its lower explosive limit (LEL). The chosen IDLH is based on the LEL of 21,000 ppm rounded down to 20,000 ppm.

coolingpost.com

Everitt, Neil (2023-03-18). "Scientists back propane in heat pumps". Cooling Post. Retrieved 2024-03-09.

csb.gov

"Little General Store Propane Explosion". US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. September 25, 2008. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (September 25, 2008). "Investigation Report:Little General Store-Propane Explosion (four killed, six injured)" (PDF). Retrieved June 16, 2021.

ct.gov

portal.ct.gov

"What to do if You Smell Propane Gas".

dguv.de

gestis.dguv.de

Record of Propane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

doi.org

"General Principles, Rules, and Conventions". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. P-12.1. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-00001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
Lide, David R. Jr. (1960). "Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Dipole Moment of Propane". J. Chem. Phys. 33 (5): 1514–1518. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1514L. doi:10.1063/1.1731434.
Acetylene and Its Polymers : 150+ Years of History, Seth C. Rasmussen, Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-95489-9, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95489-9.
NIOSH [2021]. Odor fade in natural gas and propane. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2021-106 (revised 01/2022), https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2021106revised012022external icon.
Boese R, Weiss HC, Blaser D (1999). "The melting point alternation in the short-chain n-alkanes: Single-crystal X-ray analyses of propane at 30 K and of n-butane to n-nonane at 90 K". Angew Chem Int Ed. 38: 988–992. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990401)38:7<988::AID-ANIE988>3.3.CO;2-S (inactive 25 January 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025 (link)
Propane. NIST Standard Reference Data referring to Pittam, D. A.; Pilcher, G. (1972). "Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.—Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases. 68: 2224. doi:10.1039/f19726802224. and Rossini, F.D. (1934). "Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethane, propane, normal butane, and normal pentane". Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. 12 (6): 735–750. doi:10.6028/jres.012.059.
Zivenko, Oleksiy (2019). "LPG Accounting Specificity During ITS Storage and Transportation". Measuring Equipment and Metrology. 80 (3): 21–27. doi:10.23939/istcmtm2019.03.021. ISSN 0368-6418. S2CID 211776025.
Başaran, Anıl (August 10, 2023). "Experimental investigation of R600a as a low GWP substitute to R134a in the closed-loop two-phase thermosyphon of the mini thermoelectric refrigerator". Applied Thermal Engineering. 211. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118501. S2CID 248206074. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
Kashtan, Yannai S.; Nicholson, Metta; Finnegan, Colin; Ouyang, Zutao; Lebel, Eric D.; Michanowicz, Drew R.; Shonkoff, Seth B. C.; Jackson, Robert B. (June 15, 2023). "Gas and Propane Combustion from Stoves Emits Benzene and Increases Indoor Air Pollution". Environmental Science & Technology. 57 (26): 9653–9663. Bibcode:2023EnST...57.9653K. doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c09289. PMC 10324305. PMID 37319002.
Stoye, Dieter (2000). "Solvents". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_437. ISBN 3527306730.

eia.gov

United States Energy Information Association. "How much carbon dioxide is produced when different fuels are burned". Retrieved 2019-03-25.
US Energy Information Administration (November 12, 2013). "Heating Oil and Propane Prices".
US Energy Information Administration (November 12, 2013). "East Coast Heating Oil and Propane Prices".
US Energy Information Administration (November 12, 2013). "Midwest Heating Oil and Propane Prices".
US Energy Information Administration (December 12, 2015). "Residential Propane: Weekly Heating Oil and Propane Prices (October – March)".
US Energy Information Administration (August 11, 2018). "Residential Propane: Weekly Heating Oil and Propane Prices (October – March)".

energia.gob.mx

Mexican Ministry of Energy. "Liquefied Petroleum Gas Market Outlook 2008–2017" (PDF). Mexican Ministry of Energy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-10. Retrieved 2012-05-17.

energy.gov

afdc.energy.gov

Sloan, Michael. "2016 Propane Market Outlook" (PDF). Propane Education and Research Council. Retrieved 19 January 2018.

engineeringtoolbox.com

"Propane Vapor Pressure". The Engineering ToolBox. 2005. Retrieved 2008-07-28.

epa.gov

- "U.S. EPA hydrocarbon-refrigerants FAQ". Epa.gov. Archived from the original on 2002-12-31. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
etymonline.com
- "Online Etymology Dictionary entry for propane". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
europa.eu
ec.europa.eu
- "European Commission on retrofit refrigerants for stationary applications" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 5, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
gdcada.org
- "Inhalants – Facts and Statistics". Greater Dallas Council on Alcohol & Drug Abuse. March 4, 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-04-08.
globalfueleconomy.org
- "Fuels". www.globalfueleconomy.org. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
- Lide, David R. Jr. (1960). "Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Dipole Moment of Propane". J. Chem. Phys. 33 (5): 1514–1518. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1514L. doi:10.1063/1.1731434.
- Kashtan, Yannai S.; Nicholson, Metta; Finnegan, Colin; Ouyang, Zutao; Lebel, Eric D.; Michanowicz, Drew R.; Shonkoff, Seth B. C.; Jackson, Robert B. (June 15, 2023). "Gas and Propane Combustion from Stoves Emits Benzene and Increases Indoor Air Pollution". Environmental Science & Technology. 57 (26): 9653–9663. Bibcode:2023EnST...57.9653K. doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c09289. PMC 10324305. PMID 37319002.
inhalants.org
- "Inhalants". National Inhalant Prevention Coalition. 30 May 2020.
ipcc.ch
- Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis
kingmanhistoricdistrict.com
- "The Disaster Story". Kingman Historic District. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
kplctv.com
- Lott, Jennifer (14 January 2021). "Southwest Louisiana is experiencing a propane supply shortage". KPLC. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
log-web.de
- "geometry of crystalline propane".
nationalgeographic.com
- Koch, Wendy (March 6, 2015). "Why Your Fridge Pollutes and How It's Changing". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Kashtan, Yannai S.; Nicholson, Metta; Finnegan, Colin; Ouyang, Zutao; Lebel, Eric D.; Michanowicz, Drew R.; Shonkoff, Seth B. C.; Jackson, Robert B. (June 15, 2023). "Gas and Propane Combustion from Stoves Emits Benzene and Increases Indoor Air Pollution". Environmental Science & Technology. 57 (26): 9653–9663. Bibcode:2023EnST...57.9653K. doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c09289. PMC 10324305. PMID 37319002.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Kashtan, Yannai S.; Nicholson, Metta; Finnegan, Colin; Ouyang, Zutao; Lebel, Eric D.; Michanowicz, Drew R.; Shonkoff, Seth B. C.; Jackson, Robert B. (June 15, 2023). "Gas and Propane Combustion from Stoves Emits Benzene and Increases Indoor Air Pollution". Environmental Science & Technology. 57 (26): 9653–9663. Bibcode:2023EnST...57.9653K. doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c09289. PMC 10324305. PMID 37319002.
nist.gov
webbook.nist.gov
- Propane. NIST Standard Reference Data referring to Pittam, D. A.; Pilcher, G. (1972). "Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.—Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases. 68: 2224. doi:10.1039/f19726802224. and Rossini, F.D. (1934). "Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethane, propane, normal butane, and normal pentane". Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. 12 (6): 735–750. doi:10.6028/jres.012.059.
noaa.gov
cameochemicals.noaa.gov
- "PROPANE – CAMEO Chemicals – NOAA". cameochemicals.noaa.gov. NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US GOV.
npga.org
- National Propane Gas Association. "The History of Propane". Archived from the original on January 11, 2011. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- "The First Fifty Years of LP-Gas: An Industry Chronology" (PDF). LPGA Times. January 1962. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-07., Page 17.
nsw.gov.au
parliament.nsw.gov.au
- "New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 16 October 1997". Parliament.nsw.gov.au. 1997-10-16. Archived from the original on 1 July 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- "New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 29 June 2000". Parliament.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 22 May 2005. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
nytimes.com
query.nytimes.com
- "GAS PLANT IN STEEL BOTTLE.; Dr. Snelling's Process Gives Month's Supply in Liquid Form". The New York Times. April 1, 1912. p. 9. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
propane.com
- Council, Propane Education & Research. "Community Propane Systems | Propane.com". Propane. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
propanecouncil.org
- Propane Education & Research Council. "Fact Sheet – The History of Propane". Archived from the original on February 16, 2004. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- Propane Education & Research Council. "Autogas". PERC. Archived from the original on September 23, 2010. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
propanedeal.com
- Propane Deal (November 12, 2013). "Current Propane Prices".
sciencedirect.com
- Başaran, Anıl (August 10, 2023). "Experimental investigation of R600a as a low GWP substitute to R134a in the closed-loop two-phase thermosyphon of the mini thermoelectric refrigerator". Applied Thermal Engineering. 211. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118501. S2CID 248206074. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
semanticscholar.org
api.semanticscholar.org
- Zivenko, Oleksiy (2019). "LPG Accounting Specificity During ITS Storage and Transportation". Measuring Equipment and Metrology. 80 (3): 21–27. doi:10.23939/istcmtm2019.03.021. ISSN 0368-6418. S2CID 211776025.
- Başaran, Anıl (August 10, 2023). "Experimental investigation of R600a as a low GWP substitute to R134a in the closed-loop two-phase thermosyphon of the mini thermoelectric refrigerator". Applied Thermal Engineering. 211. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118501. S2CID 248206074. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
slideshare.net
- Razmi, Amir (May 2019). "Propylene Production by Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH)". Engineering: 3.
suburbanpropane.com
- Suburban Propane. "Suburban Propane Material Safety Data Sheet for Commercial Odorized Propane" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-25. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
vasa.org.au
- "Propane". vasa.org.au. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
wbay.com
- Peguero, Joshua (6 December 2020). "Pandemic is creating an increase in demand for propane, as some homeowners struggle to get some". WBAY. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
web.archive.org
- National Propane Gas Association. "The History of Propane". Archived from the original on January 11, 2011. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- "The First Fifty Years of LP-Gas: An Industry Chronology" (PDF). LPGA Times. January 1962. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-07., Page 17.
- Propane Education & Research Council. "Fact Sheet – The History of Propane". Archived from the original on February 16, 2004. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- Başaran, Anıl (August 10, 2023). "Experimental investigation of R600a as a low GWP substitute to R134a in the closed-loop two-phase thermosyphon of the mini thermoelectric refrigerator". Applied Thermal Engineering. 211. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118501. S2CID 248206074. Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
- "European Commission on retrofit refrigerants for stationary applications" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 5, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- Koch, Wendy (March 6, 2015). "Why Your Fridge Pollutes and How It's Changing". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- - "U.S. EPA hydrocarbon-refrigerants FAQ". Epa.gov. Archived from the original on 2002-12-31. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
  - "New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 16 October 1997". Parliament.nsw.gov.au. 1997-10-16. Archived from the original on 1 July 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
  - "New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 29 June 2000". Parliament.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 22 May 2005. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
  - Propane Education & Research Council. "Autogas". PERC. Archived from the original on September 23, 2010. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  - "Facts About Propane: America's Exceptional Energy" (PDF). National Propane Gas Association. April 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
  - Amerigas. "Amerigas Material Safety Data Sheet for Odorized Propane" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-09. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  - Suburban Propane. "Suburban Propane Material Safety Data Sheet for Commercial Odorized Propane" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-25. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
  - Mexican Ministry of Energy. "Liquefied Petroleum Gas Market Outlook 2008–2017" (PDF). Mexican Ministry of Energy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-10. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
  - "Inhalants – Facts and Statistics". Greater Dallas Council on Alcohol & Drug Abuse. March 4, 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-04-08.
  - Argonne National Laboratory (1999). "Salt Cavern Information Center". Archived from the original on 2007-12-23. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  websters1913.com
  - Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam. 1913. OCLC 800618302. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  wkyt.com
  - Puente, Victor (7 December 2020). "Propane shortage: An unexpected side effect of the pandemic and restaurant mandates". WKYT. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
  worldcat.org
  search.worldcat.org
  - Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary. Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam. 1913. OCLC 800618302. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  - Zivenko, Oleksiy (2019). "LPG Accounting Specificity During ITS Storage and Transportation". Measuring Equipment and Metrology. 80 (3): 21–27. doi:10.23939/istcmtm2019.03.021. ISSN 0368-6418. S2CID 211776025.

Propane (English Wikipedia)

allpropanemowers.com

amerigas.com

anl.gov

web.ead.anl.gov

archive.org

astm.org

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

books.google.com

calor.co.uk

cdc.gov

coolingpost.com

csb.gov

ct.gov

portal.ct.gov

dguv.de

gestis.dguv.de

doi.org

eia.gov

energia.gob.mx

energy.gov

afdc.energy.gov

engineeringtoolbox.com

epa.gov

etymonline.com

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

gdcada.org

globalfueleconomy.org

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

inhalants.org

ipcc.ch

kingmanhistoricdistrict.com

kplctv.com

log-web.de

nationalgeographic.com

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nist.gov

webbook.nist.gov

noaa.gov

cameochemicals.noaa.gov

npga.org

nsw.gov.au

parliament.nsw.gov.au

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

propane.com

propanecouncil.org

propanedeal.com

sciencedirect.com

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

slideshare.net

suburbanpropane.com

vasa.org.au

wbay.com

web.archive.org

websters1913.com

wkyt.com

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org