Southern Ocean (English Wikipedia)

"Mar 28 – Hump Day" Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, British Antarctic Survey.
British Antarctic Survey. "Land Animals of Antarctica". Natural Environment Research Council. Archived from the original on 22 November 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2013.

antarctica.gov.au (Global: low place; English: 8,335^th place)

Australian Antarctic Division (12 August 2010). "Seabed (benthic) communities". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division (12 August 2010). "Flying Birds". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Penguins". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Adapting to the cold". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division (13 December 2012). "Fish". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Seals and sea lions". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Pack-ice seal species". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 26 August 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Salps". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Sea lions". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Weddell seals". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division (26 April 2012). "What is a whale?". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Krill: magicians of the Southern Ocean". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Krill". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division. "Squid". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division (12 August 2010). "Salps". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Australian Antarctic Division (12 August 2010). "Sponges". Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2013.

antarctica.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

antarctica.org Archived 6 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine – Science: in force...

aol.com (Global: 1,989^th place; English: 1,188^th place)

news.aol.com

"Doomed Ship Defies Antarctica Odds". Reuters. 25 November 2007. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 28 November 2007.

austlii.edu.au (Global: 1,563^rd place; English: 725^th place)

"45 Vict. No. 702" (PDF). Australasian Legal Information Institute. 28 November 1881. p. 87. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

awi.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

epic.awi.de

"Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
Alternate location: AWI (DOI 10013/epic.37175.d001 scan archived).

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

Kinver, Mark (15 February 2009). "Ice oceans 'are not poles apart'". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 October 2011.

beehive.govt.nz (Global: 7,559^th place; English: 4,127^th place)

Anderton, J. (23 February 2007). "Amazing specimen of world's largest squid in NZ". beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Sherwood, Mary Martha (1823), An Introduction to Geography, Intended for Little Children, 3rd ed., Wellington: F. Houlston & Son, p. 10
Tomlins, Sir Thomas Edlyne; Raithby, John (1811). "18 George II c. 17". The statutes at large, of England and of Great-Britain: from Magna Carta to the union of the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. Printed by G. Eyre and A. Strahan. p. 153. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
Cook, James (1821). "March 1775". Three Voyages of Captain James Cook Round the World. Longman. p. 244. Retrieved 1 November 2015. These voyages of the French, though undertaken by private adventurers, have contributed something toward exploring the Southern Ocean. That of Captain Surville, clears up a mistake, which I was led into, in imagining the shoals off the west end of New Caledonia was to extend to the west, but as far as New Holland.
A Compendious Geographical Dictionary, Containing, a Concise Description of the Most Remarkable Places, Ancient and Modern, in Europe, Asia, Africa, & America, ... (2nd ed.). London: W. Peacock. 1795. p. 29.
Payne, John (1796). Geographical extracts, forming a general view of earth and nature... illustrated with maps. London: G.G. and J. Robinson. p. 80. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
The Edinburgh Gazetteer: Or, Geographical Dictionary: Containing a Description of the Various Countries, Kingdoms, States, Cities, Towns, Mountains, &c. of the World; an Account of the Government, Customs, and Religion of the Inhabitants; the Boundaries and Natural Productions of Each Country, &c. &c. Forming a Complete Body of Geography, Physical, Political, Statistical, and Commercial with Addenda, Containing the Present State of the New Governments in South America... Vol. 1. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 1827. p. lix.
"Physical Geography". Family Magazine: Or Monthly Abstract of General Knowledge. 3 (1). New York: Redfield & Lindsay: 16. June 1835.
Dalrymple, Alexander. (1775). A Collection of Voyages Chiefly in The Southern Atlantick Ocean. London. pp.85-88.
Michael L., Van Woert; et al. (2003). "The Ross Sea Circulation During the 1990s". In DiTullio, Giacomo R.; Dunbar, Robert B. (eds.). Biogeochemistry of the Ross Sea. American Geophysical Union. pp. 4–34. ISBN 0-87590-972-8.^{[permanent dead link]} p. 10.
Florindo, Fabio; Siegert, Martin J. (2008). Antarctic Climate Evolution. Elsevier. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-444-52847-6.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Indian Ocean". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
"Southern Ocean". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 24 January 2013.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

"154 Rescued From Sinking Ship In Antarctic: Passengers, Crew Boarding Another Ship After Wait In Lifeboats; No Injuries Reported". CBS News. 23 November 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

ccamlr.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources". ccamlr.org. 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
"Text of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources" (PDF). ccamlr.org. Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. 1972. Retrieved 23 January 2014.

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

"Geography – Southern Ocean". CIA Factbook. Archived from the original on 14 January 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2012. ... the Southern Ocean has the unique distinction of being a large circumpolar body of water totally encircling the continent of Antarctica; this ring of water lies between 60 degrees south latitude and the coast of Antarctica and encompasses 360 degrees of longitude.
"Introduction – Southern Ocean". CIA Factbook. Archived from the original on 14 January 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2012. ...As such, the Southern Ocean is now the fourth largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean, but larger than the Arctic Ocean).
"Pacific Ocean". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
"The World Fact Book: Climate". U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
"The World Fact Book: Environment – International Agreements". U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 25 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014.

cosmosmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Phiddian, Ellen (5 April 2022). "Explainer: IPCC Scenarios". Cosmos. Retrieved 30 September 2023. "The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. The Australian Academy of Science, for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. Climate Action Tracker predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

von Schuckmann, K.; Cheng, L.; Palmer, M. D.; Hansen, J.; et al. (7 September 2020). "Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?". Earth System Science Data. 12 (3): 2013–2041. Bibcode:2020ESSD...12.2013V. doi:10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020. hdl:20.500.11850/443809. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

discoveringantarctica.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Impacts of climate change". Discovering Antarctica. Retrieved 15 May 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

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Marshall, John; Speer, Kevin (26 February 2012). "Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through Southern Ocean upwelling". Nature Geoscience. 5 (3): 171–180. Bibcode:2012NatGe...5..171M. doi:10.1038/ngeo1391.
Hausfather, Zeke; Peters, Glen (29 January 2020). "Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading". Nature. 577 (7792): 618–20. Bibcode:2020Natur.577..618H. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3. PMID 31996825.
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von Schuckmann, K.; Cheng, L.; Palmer, M. D.; Hansen, J.; et al. (7 September 2020). "Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?". Earth System Science Data. 12 (3): 2013–2041. Bibcode:2020ESSD...12.2013V. doi:10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020. hdl:20.500.11850/443809. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Cheng, Lijing; Trenberth, Kevin E.; Fasullo, John; Boyer, Tim; Abraham, John; Zhu, Jiang (2017). "Improved estimates of ocean heat content from 1960 to 2015". Science Advances. 3 (3): 1–10. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1545C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601545. PMC 5345929. PMID 28345033.
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Fox-Kemper, B.; Hewitt, H.T.; Xiao, C.; Aðalgeirsdóttir, G.; Drijfhout, S.S.; Edwards, T.L.; Golledge, N.R.; Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). "Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change". In Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I. Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Vol. 2021. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1239–1241. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.011. ISBN 978-1-009-15789-6.
Pan, Xianliang L.; Li, Bofeng F.; Watanabe, Yutaka W. (10 January 2022). "Intense ocean freshening from melting glacier around the Antarctica during early twenty-first century". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 383. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12..383P. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04231-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8748732. PMID 35013425.
Haumann, F. Alexander; Gruber, Nicolas; Münnich, Matthias; Frenger, Ivy; Kern, Stefan (September 2016). "Sea-ice transport driving Southern Ocean salinity and its recent trends". Nature. 537 (7618): 89–92. Bibcode:2016Natur.537...89H. doi:10.1038/nature19101. hdl:20.500.11850/120143. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27582222. S2CID 205250191.
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en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

EB (1878). Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Antarctic Ocean" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 100
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Great Southern Ocean" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 422.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Mill, Hugh Robert (1911). "Polar Regions". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 961–972.
Cook, James. (1777). A Voyage Towards the South Pole, and Round the World. Performed in His Majesty's Ships the Resolution and Adventure, In the Years 1772, 1773, 1774, and 1775. In which is included, Captain Furneaux's Narrative of his Proceedings in the Adventure during the Separation of the Ships. Volume II. London: Printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell. (Relevant fragment)

falklandnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"MS Explorer – situation report". The Falkland Islands News. 23 November 2007.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

fishbase.org (Global: 244^th place; English: 404^th place)

Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pleuragramma antarcticum". FishBase. December 2017 version.

gis.ee (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Volvo Ocean Race Tracker". gis.ee. Retrieved 3 May 2019.

global-tipping-points.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lenton, T. M.; Armstrong McKay, D.I.; Loriani, S.; Abrams, J.F.; Lade, S.J.; Donges, J.F.; Milkoreit, M.; Powell, T.; Smith, S.R.; Zimm, C.; Buxton, J.E.; Daube, Bruce C.; Krummel, Paul B.; Loh, Zoë; Luijkx, Ingrid T. (2023). The Global Tipping Points Report 2023 (Report). University of Exeter.
Lenton, T. M.; Armstrong McKay, D.I.; Loriani, S.; Abrams, J.F.; Lade, S.J.; Donges, J.F.; Milkoreit, M.; Powell, T.; Smith, S.R.; Zimm, C.; Buxton, J.E.; Daube, Bruce C.; Krummel, Paul B.; Loh, Zoë; Luijkx, Ingrid T. (2023). The Global Tipping Points Report 2023 (Report). University of Exeter.

gturs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Map of Antarctica and surrounding waters in Russian". Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.

guinnessworldrecords.com (Global: 873^rd place; English: 697^th place)

"First row across the Drake Passage". Guinness World Records. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.

gutenberg.org (Global: 629^th place; English: 427^th place)

Cook, James. (1777). A Voyage Towards the South Pole, and Round the World. Performed in His Majesty's Ships the Resolution and Adventure, In the Years 1772, 1773, 1774, and 1775. In which is included, Captain Furneaux's Narrative of his Proceedings in the Adventure during the Separation of the Ships. Volume II. London: Printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell. (Relevant fragment)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Haumann, F. Alexander; Gruber, Nicolas; Münnich, Matthias; Frenger, Ivy; Kern, Stefan (September 2016). "Sea-ice transport driving Southern Ocean salinity and its recent trends". Nature. 537 (7618): 89–92. Bibcode:2016Natur.537...89H. doi:10.1038/nature19101. hdl:20.500.11850/120143. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27582222. S2CID 205250191.
von Schuckmann, K.; Cheng, L.; Palmer, M. D.; Hansen, J.; et al. (7 September 2020). "Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?". Earth System Science Data. 12 (3): 2013–2041. Bibcode:2020ESSD...12.2013V. doi:10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020. hdl:20.500.11850/443809. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Haumann, F. Alexander; Gruber, Nicolas; Münnich, Matthias; Frenger, Ivy; Kern, Stefan (September 2016). "Sea-ice transport driving Southern Ocean salinity and its recent trends". Nature. 537 (7618): 89–92. Bibcode:2016Natur.537...89H. doi:10.1038/nature19101. hdl:20.500.11850/120143. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27582222. S2CID 205250191.
Bakker, P; Schmittner, A; Lenaerts, JT; Abe-Ouchi, A; Bi, D; van den Broeke, MR; Chan, WL; Hu, A; Beadling, RL; Marsland, SJ; Mernild, SH; Saenko, OA; Swingedouw, D; Sullivan, A; Yin, J (11 November 2016). "Fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Strong decline under continued warming and Greenland melting". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (23): 12, 252–12, 260. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..4312252B. doi:10.1002/2016GL070457. hdl:10150/622754. S2CID 133069692.
Uriz, M.J.; J.M. Gili; C. Orejas; A.R. Perez-Porro (2011). "Do bipolar distributions exist in marine sponges? Stylocordyla chupachups sp.nv. (Porifera: Hadromerida) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctic), previously reported as S. borealis (Lovén, 1868)". Polar Biol. 34 (2): 243–255. Bibcode:2011PoBio..34..243U. doi:10.1007/s00300-010-0876-y. hdl:10508/8080. S2CID 25074505.

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Used by Dr. Hooker in his accounts of his Antarctic voyages.^[4] Also a translation of the ocean's Japanese name Nankyoku Kai (南極海).
Also a translation of the ocean's Chinese name Nánbīng Yáng (南冰洋).

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

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cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

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livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

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nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

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nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

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time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

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