نوسان جنوبی ال‌نینو (Persian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "نوسان جنوبی ال‌نینو" in Persian language version.

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62web.archive.org

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abc.net.au

Logan, Tyne (18 May 2023). "El Niño and La Niña have become more extreme and frequent because of climate change, study finds". ABC. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.

al.com

"El Nino is over, NOAA says". Al.com. 8 August 2019. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.

archive.org

Davis, Mike (2001). Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World. London: Verso. p. 271. ISBN 978-1-85984-739-8.
Merryfield, William J. (2006). "Changes to ENSO under CO₂ Doubling in a Multimodel Ensemble". Journal of Climate. 19 (16): 4009–27. Bibcode:2006JCli...19.4009M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.403.9784. doi:10.1175/JCLI3834.1.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Collins, M.; An, S-I; Cai, W.; Ganachaud, A.; Guilyardi, E.; Jin, F-F; Jochum, M.; Lengaigne, M.; Power, S.; Timmermann, A.; Vecchi, G.; Wittenberg, A. (2010). "The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño". Nature Geoscience. 3 (6): 391–7. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..391C. doi:10.1038/ngeo868. Archived from the original on 2019-09-14. Retrieved 2019-01-10.
Guilyardi, E.; Wittenberg, Andrew; Fedorov, Alexey; Collins, Mat; Wang, Chunzai; Capotondi, Antonietta; Van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Stockdale, Tim (2009). "Understanding El Nino in Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models: Progress and Challenges" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 90 (3): 325–340. Bibcode:2009BAMS...90..325G. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2387.1. hdl:10871/9288. S2CID 14866973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
Collins, Mat; An, Soon-Il; Cai, Wenju; Ganachaud, Alexandre; Guilyardi, Eric; Jin, Fei-Fei; Jochum, Markus; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Power, Scott; Timmermann, Axel; Vecchi, Gabe; Wittenberg, Andrew (23 May 2010). "The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño". Nature Geoscience. 3 (6): 391–397. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..391C. doi:10.1038/ngeo868. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Carrillo, Camilo N. (1892) "Disertación sobre las corrientes oceánicas y estudios de la correinte Peruana ó de Humboldt" بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۲۳-۱۰-۳۰ توسط Wayback Machine (Dissertation on the ocean currents and studies of the Peruvian, or Humboldt's, current), Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima, 2: 72–110. [in Spanish] From p. 84: بایگانی‌شده در ۲۰۲۳-۱۰-۳۰ توسط Wayback Machine "Los marinos paiteños que navegan frecuentemente cerca de la costa y en embarcaciones pequeñas, ya al norte ó al sur de Paita, conocen esta corriente y la denomination Corriente del Niño, sin duda porque ella se hace mas visible y palpable después de la Pascua de Navidad." (The sailors [from the city of] Paita who sail often near the coast and in small boats, to the north or the south of Paita, know this current and call it "the current of the Boy [el Niño]", undoubtedly because it becomes more visible and palpable after the Christmas season.)

bloomberg.com

"The Strongest El Nino in Decades Is Going to Mess With Everything". Bloomberg.com. 21 October 2015. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2017.

bom.gov.au

"El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)". About Australian climate. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
"El Niño, La Niña and Australia's Climate" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. February 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
"Climate glossary — Southern Oscilliation Index (SOI)". اداره هواشناسی استرالیا. 2002-04-03. Archived from the original on 2017-12-26. Retrieved 2009-12-31.
"Australian Climate Influences: El Niño". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
"What is El Niño and what might it mean for Australia?". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
"El Niño - Detailed Australian Analysis". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
"El Niño in Australia" (PDF). Bom.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
La Niña – Detailed Australian analysis (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
"ENSO Tracker: About ENSO and the Tracker". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2016.

ca.gov

dfg.ca.gov

"El Niño Information". California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Region. Archived from the original on 2019-10-27. Retrieved 2014-06-30.

climate.gov

Becker, Emily (4 December 2014). "December's ENSO Update: Close, but no cigar". ENSO Blog. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016.
L'Heureux, Michelle (5 May 2014). "What is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a nutshell?". ENSO Blog. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016.
L'Heureux, Michelle (5 May 2014). "What is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a nutshell?". ENSO Blog. Climate.gov. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
L'Heureux, Michelle (23 October 2020). "The Rise of El Niño and La Niña". ENSO Blog. Climate.gov. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
Barnston, Anthony (2015-01-29). "Why are there so many ENSO indexes, instead of just one?". اداره ملی اقیانوسی و جوی. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
L'Heureux, Michelle (5 May 2014). "What is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a nutshell?". ENSO Blog. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
"August 2016 ENSO update;Wavy Gravy". Climate.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
Becker, Emily (27 May 2014). "How will we know when an El Niño has arrived?". ENSO Blog. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016.
"Climate.gov". NOAA. Global Climate Dashboard > Climate Variability. Archived from the original on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
Di Liberto, Tom (11 September 2014). "ENSO + Climate Change = Headache". ENSO Blog. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016.

columbia.edu

iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu

"What is ENSO?". IRI/LDEO Climate Data Library. International Research Institute for Climate and Society. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
International Research Institute for Climate and Society. "Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Equatorial SOI". دانشگاه کلمبیا. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2015-08-14.

iri.columbia.edu

International Research Institute for Climate and Society (February 2002). "More Technical ENSO Comment". Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-30.

copernicus.eu

climate.copernicus.eu

"August Climate Bulletins / Summer 2023: the hottest on record". Copernicus Programme. 6 September 2023. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023.

doi.org

Emily Becker (2016). "How Much Do El Niño and La Niña Affect Our Weather? This fickle and influential climate pattern often gets blamed for extreme weather. A closer look at the most recent cycle shows that the truth is more subtle". Scientific American. 315 (4): 68–75. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1016-68. PMID 27798565.
Brown, Patrick T.; Li, Wenhong; Xie, Shang-Ping (27 January 2015). "Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120 (2): 480–494. doi:10.1002/2014JD022576. hdl:10161/9564.
Trenberth, Kevin E.; Fasullo, John T. (December 2013). "An apparent hiatus in global warming?". Earth's Future. 1 (1): 19–32. Bibcode:2013EaFut...1...19T. doi:10.1002/2013EF000165.
Collins, M.; An, S-I; Cai, W.; Ganachaud, A.; Guilyardi, E.; Jin, F-F; Jochum, M.; Lengaigne, M.; Power, S.; Timmermann, A.; Vecchi, G.; Wittenberg, A. (2010). "The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño". Nature Geoscience. 3 (6): 391–7. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..391C. doi:10.1038/ngeo868. Archived from the original on 2019-09-14. Retrieved 2019-01-10.
Trenberth, Kevin E (December 1997). "The Definition of El Niño". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 78 (12): 2771–2777. Bibcode:1997BAMS...78.2771T. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2771:TDOENO>2.0.CO;2.
Wang, Chunzai; Deser, Clara; Yu, Jin-Yi; DiNezio, Pedro; Clement, Amy (2017). "El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO): A Review" (PDF). In Glynn, Peter W.; Manzello, Derek P.; Enochs, Ian C. (eds.). Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Persistence and Loss in a Dynamic Environment. Coral Reefs of the World. Vol. 8. Springer. pp. 85–106. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7499-4_4. ISBN 978-94-017-7498-7. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
Wang, Chunzai (1 November 2018). "A review of ENSO theories". National Science Review. 5 (6): 813–825. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy104.
Yang, Song; Li, Zhenning; Yu, Jin-Yi; Hu, Xiaoming; Dong, Wenjie; He, Shan (1 November 2018). "El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its impact in the changing climate". National Science Review. 5 (6): 840–857. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy046.
Kim, WonMoo; Wenju Cai (2013). "Second peak in the far eastern Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly following strong El Niño events". Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 (17): 4751–4755. Bibcode:2013GeoRL..40.4751K. doi:10.1002/grl.50697. S2CID 129885922.
Druffel, Ellen R. M.; Griffin, Sheila; Vetter, Desiree; Dunbar, Robert B.; Mucciarone, David M. (16 March 2015). "Identification of frequent La Niña events during the early 1800s in the east equatorial Pacific". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (5): 1512–1519. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.1512D. doi:10.1002/2014GL062997. S2CID 129644802. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
Trenberth, Kevin E.; Stepaniak, David P. (15 April 2001). "Indices of El Niño Evolution". Journal of Climate. 14 (8): 1697–1701. Bibcode:2001JCli...14.1697T. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1697:LIOENO>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
Kennedy, Adam M.; D. C. Garen; R. W. Koch (2009). "The association between climate teleconnection indices and Upper Klamath seasonal streamflow: Trans-Niño Index". Hydrol. Process. 23 (7): 973–84. Bibcode:2009HyPr...23..973K. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.177.2614. doi:10.1002/hyp.7200. S2CID 16514830.
Lee, Sang-Ki; R. Atlas; D. Enfield; C. Wang; H. Liu (2013). "Is there an optimal ENSO pattern that enhances large-scale atmospheric processes conducive to tornado outbreaks in the U.S?". J. Climate. 26 (5): 1626–1642. Bibcode:2013JCli...26.1626L. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00128.1.
Merryfield, William J. (2006). "Changes to ENSO under CO₂ Doubling in a Multimodel Ensemble". Journal of Climate. 19 (16): 4009–27. Bibcode:2006JCli...19.4009M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.403.9784. doi:10.1175/JCLI3834.1.
Guilyardi, E.; Wittenberg, Andrew; Fedorov, Alexey; Collins, Mat; Wang, Chunzai; Capotondi, Antonietta; Van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Stockdale, Tim (2009). "Understanding El Nino in Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models: Progress and Challenges" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 90 (3): 325–340. Bibcode:2009BAMS...90..325G. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2387.1. hdl:10871/9288. S2CID 14866973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
Meehl, G. A.; Teng, H.; Branstator, G. (2006). "Future changes of El Niño in two global coupled climate models". Climate Dynamics. 26 (6): 549–566. Bibcode:2006ClDy...26..549M. doi:10.1007/s00382-005-0098-0. S2CID 130825304. Archived from the original on 2019-12-28. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
Philip, Sjoukje; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan (June 2006). "Shifts in ENSO coupling processes under global warming". Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (11): L11704. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..3311704P. doi:10.1029/2006GL026196.
Wang, Bin; Luo, Xiao; Yang, Young-Min; Sun, Weiyi; Cane, Mark A.; Cai, Wenju; Yeh, Sang-Wook; Liu, Jian (2019-11-05). "Historical change of El Niño properties sheds light on future changes of extreme El Niño". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (به انگلیسی). 116 (45): 22512–22517. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11622512W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1911130116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6842589. PMID 31636177.
Jiu,Liping; Song,Mirong; Zhu,Zhu; Horton, Radley M; Hu,Yongyun; Xie,Shang-Ping (23 Aug 2022). "Arctic sea-ice loss is projected to lead to more frequent strong El Niño events". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 4952. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.4952L. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32705-2. PMC 9399112. PMID 35999238.
Collins, Mat; An, Soon-Il; Cai, Wenju; Ganachaud, Alexandre; Guilyardi, Eric; Jin, Fei-Fei; Jochum, Markus; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Power, Scott; Timmermann, Axel; Vecchi, Gabe; Wittenberg, Andrew (23 May 2010). "The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño". Nature Geoscience. 3 (6): 391–397. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..391C. doi:10.1038/ngeo868. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
Trenberth, Kevin E.; Hoar, Timothy J. (January 1996). "The 1990–1995 El Niño–Southern Oscillation event: Longest on record". Geophysical Research Letters. 23 (1): 57–60. Bibcode:1996GeoRL..23...57T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.54.3115. doi:10.1029/95GL03602.
Wittenberg, A.T. (2009). "Are historical records sufficient to constrain ENSO simulations?". Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 (12): L12702. Bibcode:2009GeoRL..3612702W. doi:10.1029/2009GL038710. S2CID 16619392.
Fedorov, Alexey V.; Philander, S. George (16 June 2000). "Is El Niño Changing?". Science. 288 (5473): 1997–2002. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1997F. doi:10.1126/science.288.5473.1997. PMID 10856205. S2CID 5909976.
Zhang, Qiong; Guan, Yue; Yang, Haijun (2008). "ENSO Amplitude Change in Observation and Coupled Models". Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 25 (3): 331–6. Bibcode:2008AdAtS..25..361Z. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.606.9579. doi:10.1007/s00376-008-0361-5. S2CID 55670859.
Cai, Wenju; Ng, Benjamin; Geng, Tao; Jia, Fan; Wu, Lixin; Wang, Guojian; Liu, Yu; Gan, Bolan; Yang, Kai; Santoso, Agus; Lin, Xiaopei; Li, Ziguang; Liu, Yi; Yang, Yun; Jin, Fei-Fei; Collins, Mat; McPhaden, Michael J. (June 2023). "Antropogenic impacts on twentieth - century ENSO variability changes". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 4 (6): 407–418. Bibcode:2023NRvEE...4..407C. doi:10.1038/s43017-023-00427-8. S2CID 258793531. Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
Wu, M. C.; Chang, W. L.; Leung, W. M. (2004). "Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation Events on Tropical Cyclone Landfalling Activity in the Western North Pacific". Journal of Climate. 17 (6): 1419–28. Bibcode:2004JCli...17.1419W. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.461.2391. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1419:ioenoe>2.0.co;2.
Patricola, Christina M.; Saravanan, R.; Chang, Ping (15 July 2014). "The Impact of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Atlantic Meridional Mode on Seasonal Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity". Journal of Climate. 27 (14): 5311–5328. Bibcode:2014JCli...27.5311P. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00687.1.

escholarship.org

Druffel, Ellen R. M.; Griffin, Sheila; Vetter, Desiree; Dunbar, Robert B.; Mucciarone, David M. (16 March 2015). "Identification of frequent La Niña events during the early 1800s in the east equatorial Pacific". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (5): 1512–1519. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.1512D. doi:10.1002/2014GL062997. S2CID 129644802. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Brown, Patrick T.; Li, Wenhong; Xie, Shang-Ping (27 January 2015). "Regions of significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120 (2): 480–494. doi:10.1002/2014JD022576. hdl:10161/9564.
Guilyardi, E.; Wittenberg, Andrew; Fedorov, Alexey; Collins, Mat; Wang, Chunzai; Capotondi, Antonietta; Van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Stockdale, Tim (2009). "Understanding El Nino in Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models: Progress and Challenges" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 90 (3): 325–340. Bibcode:2009BAMS...90..325G. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2387.1. hdl:10871/9288. S2CID 14866973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2021-01-21.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Trenberth, Kevin E.; Fasullo, John T. (December 2013). "An apparent hiatus in global warming?". Earth's Future. 1 (1): 19–32. Bibcode:2013EaFut...1...19T. doi:10.1002/2013EF000165.
Collins, M.; An, S-I; Cai, W.; Ganachaud, A.; Guilyardi, E.; Jin, F-F; Jochum, M.; Lengaigne, M.; Power, S.; Timmermann, A.; Vecchi, G.; Wittenberg, A. (2010). "The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño". Nature Geoscience. 3 (6): 391–7. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..391C. doi:10.1038/ngeo868. Archived from the original on 2019-09-14. Retrieved 2019-01-10.
Trenberth, Kevin E (December 1997). "The Definition of El Niño". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 78 (12): 2771–2777. Bibcode:1997BAMS...78.2771T. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2771:TDOENO>2.0.CO;2.
Kim, WonMoo; Wenju Cai (2013). "Second peak in the far eastern Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly following strong El Niño events". Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 (17): 4751–4755. Bibcode:2013GeoRL..40.4751K. doi:10.1002/grl.50697. S2CID 129885922.
Druffel, Ellen R. M.; Griffin, Sheila; Vetter, Desiree; Dunbar, Robert B.; Mucciarone, David M. (16 March 2015). "Identification of frequent La Niña events during the early 1800s in the east equatorial Pacific". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (5): 1512–1519. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.1512D. doi:10.1002/2014GL062997. S2CID 129644802. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
Trenberth, Kevin E.; Stepaniak, David P. (15 April 2001). "Indices of El Niño Evolution". Journal of Climate. 14 (8): 1697–1701. Bibcode:2001JCli...14.1697T. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1697:LIOENO>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
Kennedy, Adam M.; D. C. Garen; R. W. Koch (2009). "The association between climate teleconnection indices and Upper Klamath seasonal streamflow: Trans-Niño Index". Hydrol. Process. 23 (7): 973–84. Bibcode:2009HyPr...23..973K. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.177.2614. doi:10.1002/hyp.7200. S2CID 16514830.
Lee, Sang-Ki; R. Atlas; D. Enfield; C. Wang; H. Liu (2013). "Is there an optimal ENSO pattern that enhances large-scale atmospheric processes conducive to tornado outbreaks in the U.S?". J. Climate. 26 (5): 1626–1642. Bibcode:2013JCli...26.1626L. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00128.1.
Merryfield, William J. (2006). "Changes to ENSO under CO₂ Doubling in a Multimodel Ensemble". Journal of Climate. 19 (16): 4009–27. Bibcode:2006JCli...19.4009M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.403.9784. doi:10.1175/JCLI3834.1.
Guilyardi, E.; Wittenberg, Andrew; Fedorov, Alexey; Collins, Mat; Wang, Chunzai; Capotondi, Antonietta; Van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Stockdale, Tim (2009). "Understanding El Nino in Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models: Progress and Challenges" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 90 (3): 325–340. Bibcode:2009BAMS...90..325G. doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2387.1. hdl:10871/9288. S2CID 14866973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
Meehl, G. A.; Teng, H.; Branstator, G. (2006). "Future changes of El Niño in two global coupled climate models". Climate Dynamics. 26 (6): 549–566. Bibcode:2006ClDy...26..549M. doi:10.1007/s00382-005-0098-0. S2CID 130825304. Archived from the original on 2019-12-28. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
Philip, Sjoukje; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan (June 2006). "Shifts in ENSO coupling processes under global warming". Geophysical Research Letters. 33 (11): L11704. Bibcode:2006GeoRL..3311704P. doi:10.1029/2006GL026196.
Wang, Bin; Luo, Xiao; Yang, Young-Min; Sun, Weiyi; Cane, Mark A.; Cai, Wenju; Yeh, Sang-Wook; Liu, Jian (2019-11-05). "Historical change of El Niño properties sheds light on future changes of extreme El Niño". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (به انگلیسی). 116 (45): 22512–22517. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11622512W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1911130116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6842589. PMID 31636177.
Jiu,Liping; Song,Mirong; Zhu,Zhu; Horton, Radley M; Hu,Yongyun; Xie,Shang-Ping (23 Aug 2022). "Arctic sea-ice loss is projected to lead to more frequent strong El Niño events". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 4952. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.4952L. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32705-2. PMC 9399112. PMID 35999238.
Collins, Mat; An, Soon-Il; Cai, Wenju; Ganachaud, Alexandre; Guilyardi, Eric; Jin, Fei-Fei; Jochum, Markus; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Power, Scott; Timmermann, Axel; Vecchi, Gabe; Wittenberg, Andrew (23 May 2010). "The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño". Nature Geoscience. 3 (6): 391–397. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..391C. doi:10.1038/ngeo868. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
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Wang, Bin; Luo, Xiao; Yang, Young-Min; Sun, Weiyi; Cane, Mark A.; Cai, Wenju; Yeh, Sang-Wook; Liu, Jian (2019-11-05). "Historical change of El Niño properties sheds light on future changes of extreme El Niño". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (به انگلیسی). 116 (45): 22512–22517. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11622512W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1911130116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6842589. PMID 31636177.

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