Klimaendring (Norwegian Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Klimaendring" in Norwegian language version.

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academia.edu

Hulme, Mike (2016). Concept of Climate Change, in: The International Encyclopedia of Geography. Wiley-Blackwell/Association of American Geographers (AAG). Besøkt 16. mai 2016.
Sahney, S.; Benton, M. J.; Falcon-Lang, H. J. (2010). «Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica» (PDF). Geology. 38 (12): 1079–1082. Bibcode:2010Geo....38.1079S. doi:10.1130/G31182.1. Besøkt 27. november 2013.

admin.ch

meteoswiss.admin.ch

Seiz, G. (2007). The activities of the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 25. mars 2009. Besøkt 21. juni 2009. «Arkivert kopi» (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 25. februar 2009. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.

agu.org

«Human Activities Emit Way More Carbon Dioxide Than Do Volcanoes». American Geophysical Union. 14. juni 2011. Arkivert fra originalen 9. mai 2013. Besøkt 20. juni 2011.

ametsoc.org

journals.ametsoc.org

Meehl, Gerald A.; Hu, Aixue; Arblaster, Julie M.; Fasullo, John; Trenberth, Kevin E. (8. april 2013). «Externally Forced and Internally Generated Decadal Climate Variability Associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation». Journal of Climate. 26 (18): 7298–7310. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00548.1.

archive.org

Retallack, Gregory J. (2001). «Cenozoic Expansion of Grasslands and Climatic Cooling». The Journal of Geology. 109 (4): 407–426. Bibcode:2001JG....109..407R. doi:10.1086/320791.
Dutton, Jan F.; Barron, Eric J. (1997). «Miocene to present vegetation changes: A possible piece of the Cenozoic cooling puzzle». Geology. 25: 39. Bibcode:1997Geo....25...39D. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0039:MTPVCA>2.3.CO;2.
Gale, Andrew S. (1989). «A Milankovitch scale for Cenomanian time». Terra Nova. 1 (5): 420–425. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1989.tb00403.x.
Hagemann, Steffen G.; Gebre-Mariam, Musie; Groves, David I. (1994). «Surface-water influx in shallow-level Archean lode-gold deposits in Western, Australia». Geology. 22 (12): 1067. Bibcode:1994Geo....22.1067H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<1067:SWIISL>2.3.CO;2.
Oppenheimer, Clive (2003). «Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815». Progress in Physical Geography. 27 (2): 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra.
Wignall, P (2001). «Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions». Earth-Science Reviews. 53: 1–33. Bibcode:2001ESRv...53....1W. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00037-4.
Forest, C. E.; Wolfe, J. A.; Molnar, P. .; Emanuel, K. A. (1999). «Paleoaltimetry incorporating atmospheric physics and botanical estimates of paleoclimate». Geological Society of America Bulletin. 111 (4): 497–511. Bibcode:1999GSAB..111..497F. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0497:PIAPAB>2.3.CO;2.
Prentice, I. Colin; Bartlein, Patrick J; Webb, Thompson (1991). «Vegetation and Climate Change in Eastern North America Since the Last Glacial Maximum». Ecology. 72 (6): 2038–2056. JSTOR 1941558. doi:10.2307/1941558.
New, M., Todd, M., Hulme, M. and Jones, P. (desember 2001). «Review: Precipitation measurements and trends in the twentieth century». International Journal of Climatology. 21 (15): 1889–1922. Bibcode:2001IJCli..21.1889N. doi:10.1002/joc.680.

bbc.co.uk

Kinver, Mark (15. november 2011). «UK trees' fruit ripening '18 days earlier'». Bbc.co.uk. Besøkt 1. november 2012.

books.google.com

Smith, Ralph C. (2013). Uncertainty Quantification: Theory, Implementation, and Applications. Computational Science and Engineering. 12. SIAM. s. 23. ISBN 1611973228.
Warren, John K. (2006). Evaporites: sediments, resources and hydrocarbons. Birkhäuser. s. 289. ISBN 978-3-540-26011-0.

colorado.edu

sealevel.colorado.edu

«Sea Level Change». University of Colorado at Boulder. Arkivert fra originalen . Besøkt 21. juli 2009. «Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 19. februar 2009. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.

columbia.edu

ldeo.columbia.edu

Demenocal, P. B. (2001). «Cultural Responses to Climate Change During the Late Holocene» (PDF). Science. 292 (5517): 667–673. Bibcode:2001Sci...292..667D. PMID 11303088. doi:10.1126/science.1059827. Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 17. desember 2008. «Arkivert kopi» (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 17. desember 2008. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.

doi.org

Nordli, Øyvind; Hygen, Hans Olav; Benestad, Rasmus (24. oktober 2018). «Er det noen tvil om menneskeskapte klimaendringer?». Naturen. 04 (norsk). 142: 136–143. ISSN 1504-3118. doi:10.18261/issn.1504-3118-2018-04-02. Besøkt 25. juli 2019.
Brown, Patrick T.; Li, Wenhong; Cordero, Eugene C.; Mauget, Steven A. (21. april 2015). «Comparing the model-simulated global warming signal to observations using empirical estimates of unforced noise». Scientific Reports. 5: 9957. PMC 4404682 . PMID 25898351. doi:10.1038/srep09957.
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England, Matthew H.; McGregor, Shayne; Spence, Paul; Meehl, Gerald A.; Timmermann, Axel; Cai, Wenju; Gupta, Alex Sen; McPhaden, Michael J.; Purich, Ariaan (1. mars 2014). «Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus». Nature Climate Change. 4 (3): 222–227. doi:10.1038/nclimate2106.
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Zachos, J. C.; Dickens, G. R. (2000). «An assessment of the biogeochemical feedback response to the climatic and chemical perturbations of the LPTM». GFF. 122: 188–189. doi:10.1080/11035890001221188.
Speelman, E. N.; Van Kempen, M. M. L.; Barke, J.; Brinkhuis, H.; Reichart, G. J.; Smolders, A. J. P.; Roelofs, J. G. M.; Sangiorgi, F.; De Leeuw, J. W.; Lotter, A. F.; Sinninghe Damsté, J. S. (2009). «The Eocene Arctic Azolla bloom: Environmental conditions, productivity and carbon drawdown». Geobiology. 7 (2): 155–70. PMID 19323694. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00195.x.
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Retallack, Gregory J. (2001). «Cenozoic Expansion of Grasslands and Climatic Cooling». The Journal of Geology. 109 (4): 407–426. Bibcode:2001JG....109..407R. doi:10.1086/320791.
Dutton, Jan F.; Barron, Eric J. (1997). «Miocene to present vegetation changes: A possible piece of the Cenozoic cooling puzzle». Geology. 25: 39. Bibcode:1997Geo....25...39D. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0039:MTPVCA>2.3.CO;2.
Gale, Andrew S. (1989). «A Milankovitch scale for Cenomanian time». Terra Nova. 1 (5): 420–425. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1989.tb00403.x.
Marty, B. (2006). «Water in the Early Earth». Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 62: 421–450. doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.62.18.
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Hagemann, Steffen G.; Gebre-Mariam, Musie; Groves, David I. (1994). «Surface-water influx in shallow-level Archean lode-gold deposits in Western, Australia». Geology. 22 (12): 1067. Bibcode:1994Geo....22.1067H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<1067:SWIISL>2.3.CO;2.
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Bard, Edouard; Raisbeck, Grant; Yiou, Françoise; Jouzel, Jean (2000). «Solar irradiance during the last 1200 years based on cosmogenic nuclides». Tellus B. 52 (3): 985–992. Bibcode:2000TellB..52..985B. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.d01-7.x.
Haigh, Joanna D.; Ann R. Winning; Ralf Toumi; Jerald W. Harder (7. oktober 2010). «An influence of solar spectral variations on radiative forcing of climate». Nature. 467 (7316): 696–9. Bibcode:2010Natur.467..696H. PMID 20930841. doi:10.1038/nature09426. «Currently there is insufficient observational evidence to validate the spectral variations observed by SIM, or to fully characterize other solar cycles, but our findings raise the possibility that the effects of solar variability on temperature throughout the atmosphere may be contrary to current expectations.»
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Miles, M. G.; Grainger, R. G.; Highwood, E. J. (2004). «The significance of volcanic eruption strength and frequency for climate» (pdf). Quarterly Journal of the RoyalMeteorological Society. 130 (602): 2361–2376. doi:10.1256/qj.30.60.
Oppenheimer, Clive (2003). «Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815». Progress in Physical Geography. 27 (2): 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra.
Wignall, P (2001). «Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions». Earth-Science Reviews. 53: 1–33. Bibcode:2001ESRv...53....1W. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00037-4.
Graf, H.-F.; Feichter, J.; Langmann, B. (1997). «Volcanic sulphur emissions: Estiamtes of source strength and its contribution to the global sulphate distribution» (pdf). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 102: 10727–10738. Bibcode:1997JGR...10210727G. doi:10.1029/96JD03265.
Forest, C. E.; Wolfe, J. A.; Molnar, P. .; Emanuel, K. A. (1999). «Paleoaltimetry incorporating atmospheric physics and botanical estimates of paleoclimate». Geological Society of America Bulletin. 111 (4): 497–511. Bibcode:1999GSAB..111..497F. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0497:PIAPAB>2.3.CO;2.
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Sahney, S.; Benton, M. J.; Falcon-Lang, H. J. (2010). «Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica» (PDF). Geology. 38 (12): 1079–1082. Bibcode:2010Geo....38.1079S. doi:10.1130/G31182.1. Besøkt 27. november 2013.
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New, M., Todd, M., Hulme, M. and Jones, P. (desember 2001). «Review: Precipitation measurements and trends in the twentieth century». International Journal of Climatology. 21 (15): 1889–1922. Bibcode:2001IJCli..21.1889N. doi:10.1002/joc.680.
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dx.doi.org

Miles, M. G.; Grainger, R. G.; Highwood, E. J. (2004). «The significance of volcanic eruption strength and frequency for climate» (pdf). Quarterly Journal of the RoyalMeteorological Society. 130 (602): 2361–2376. doi:10.1256/qj.30.60.
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euforgen.org

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Kirk Bryan, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. Man's Great Geophysical Experiment. U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

nsidc.org

«Ordliste - Climate Change». Senteret står National Snow and Ice data Center. Arkivert fra originalen 18. januar 2010. «Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 18. januar 2010. Besøkt 28. februar 2017. ;Ordliste Arkivert 7. mars 2018 hos Wayback Machine., i IPCC TAR WG1 2001. IPCC TAR WG1 (2001). Houghton, J.T., red. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80767-0. Arkivert fra originalen 30. mars 2016. Arkivert 30. mars 2016 hos Wayback Machine..

nytimes.com

The Editorial Board (28. november 2015). «What the Paris Climate Meeting Must Do». New York Times. Besøkt 28. november 2015.

ornl.gov

esd.ornl.gov

Adams J.M. & Faure H. (1997) (eds.), QEN members. Review and Atlas of Palaeovegetation: Preliminary land ecosystem maps of the world since the Last Glacial Maximum Arkivert 16. januar 2008 hos Wayback Machine.. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA.

palaeos.com

Chris Clowes (2003). «"Snowball" Scenarios of the Cryogenian». Paleos: Life through deep time. Arkivert fra originalen 15. juni 2009. «Arkivert kopi». Archived from the original on 15. juni 2009. Besøkt 2. mai 2019. CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL (link)

pnas.org

Susan Solomon; Gian-Kasper Plattner; Reto Knutti; Pierre Friedlingstein (2009). «Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions» (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (6): 1704–9. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.1704S. PMC 2632717 . PMID 19179281. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812721106. Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 26. februar 2020. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.

press.cern

Jasper Kirkby; m.fl. (2011). «CERN’s CLOUD experiment provides unprecedented insight into cloud formation». Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2011.504.

sciencemag.org

Sagan, C. (1972). Earth and Mars: Evolution of Atmospheres and Surface Temperatures.

scientificamerican.com

David Morrison. «What would be the environmental effects if the earth collided with a large comet? For instance, what would the climate be like afterward, and what forms of life would be most likely to survive?». Scientific American. Besøkt 27. februar 2017.

sdu.dk

«Same forces as today caused climate changes 1.4 billion years ago». sdu.dk. University of Denmark. Arkivert fra originalen 12. mars 2015. «Arkivert kopi». Archived from the original on 12. mars 2015. Besøkt 28. februar 2017. CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL (link)

snl.no

(no) «Klimaendring» i Store norske leksikon
(no) «Snøballteorien» i Store norske leksikon
(no) «istid» i Store norske leksikon

stratigraphy.org

«International Stratigraphic Chart». International Commission on Stratigraphy. 2008. Arkivert fra originalen 15. oktober 2011. Besøkt 3. oktober 2011.

unep.ch

grid.unep.ch

Zemp, M. (2008). United Nations Environment Programme – Global Glacier Changes: facts and figures (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) . Besøkt 21. juni 2009. «Arkivert kopi» (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 25. mars 2009. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.

unfccc.int

«The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change». 21. mars 1994. Arkivert fra originalen 30. april 2010. «Klimaendringer betyr en endring av klimaet som er knyttet direkte eller indirekte til menneskelig aktivitet som endrer sammensetningen av den globale atmosfære, og som kommer i tillegg til naturlig klimavariasjoner observert over sammenlignbare tidsperioder.»

universetoday.com

Williams, Matt (3. januar 2017). «What is an Ice Age?». Universe Today. Besøkt 2. april 2019.

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

Diggles, Michael (28. februar 2005). «The Cataclysmic 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines». U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 113-97. United States Geological Survey. Besøkt 8. oktober 2009.
Diggles, Michael. «The Cataclysmic 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines». usgs.gov. Besøkt 31. juli 2014.
Newhall, Chris. «The Atmospheric Impact of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo Eruption». usgs.gov. USGS. Besøkt 31. juli 2014.

volcanoes.usgs.gov

«Volcanic Gases and Climate Change Overview». usgs.gov. USGS. Besøkt 31. juli 2014.
«Volcanic Gases and Their Effects». U.S. Department of the Interior. 10. januar 2006. Arkivert fra originalen 1. august 2013. Besøkt 21. januar 2008.

web.archive.org

«Ordliste - Climate Change». Senteret står National Snow and Ice data Center. Arkivert fra originalen 18. januar 2010. «Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 18. januar 2010. Besøkt 28. februar 2017. ;Ordliste Arkivert 7. mars 2018 hos Wayback Machine., i IPCC TAR WG1 2001. IPCC TAR WG1 (2001). Houghton, J.T., red. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80767-0. Arkivert fra originalen 30. mars 2016. Arkivert 30. mars 2016 hos Wayback Machine..
«The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change». 21. mars 1994. Arkivert fra originalen 30. april 2010. «Klimaendringer betyr en endring av klimaet som er knyttet direkte eller indirekte til menneskelig aktivitet som endrer sammensetningen av den globale atmosfære, og som kommer i tillegg til naturlig klimavariasjoner observert over sammenlignbare tidsperioder.»
«What's in a Name? Global Warming vs. Climate Change». NASA. Arkivert fra originalen 9. august 2010. Besøkt 23. juli 2011.
«Milankovitch Cycles and Glaciation». University of Montana. Arkivert fra originalen 16. juli 2011. Besøkt 2. april 2009. «Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 6. august 2011. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.
«Same forces as today caused climate changes 1.4 billion years ago». sdu.dk. University of Denmark. Arkivert fra originalen 12. mars 2015. «Arkivert kopi». Archived from the original on 12. mars 2015. Besøkt 28. februar 2017. CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL (link)
«Volcanic Gases and Their Effects». U.S. Department of the Interior. 10. januar 2006. Arkivert fra originalen 1. august 2013. Besøkt 21. januar 2008.
«Human Activities Emit Way More Carbon Dioxide Than Do Volcanoes». American Geophysical Union. 14. juni 2011. Arkivert fra originalen 9. mai 2013. Besøkt 20. juni 2011.
«Panama: Isthmus that Changed the World». NASA Earth Observatory. Arkivert fra originalen 2. august 2007. Besøkt 1. juli 2008. «Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 2. august 2007. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change; National Research Council (2010). Advancing the Science of Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-14588-0. Arkivert fra originalen 29. mai 2014. «(p1) ... there is a strong, credible body of evidence, based on multiple lines of research, documenting that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities. While much remains to be learned, the core phenomenon, scientific questions, and hypotheses have been examined thoroughly and have stood firm in the face of serious scientific debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. * * * (pp. 21–22) Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of subsequently being found to be wrong is vanishingly small. Such conclusions and theories are then regarded as settled facts. This is the case for the conclusions that the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities.»
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change; National Research Council (2010). Advancing the Science of Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-14588-0. Arkivert fra originalen 29. mai 2014.
Susan Solomon; Gian-Kasper Plattner; Reto Knutti; Pierre Friedlingstein (2009). «Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions» (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (6): 1704–9. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.1704S. PMC 2632717 . PMID 19179281. doi:10.1073/pnas.0812721106. Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 26. februar 2020. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.
Demenocal, P. B. (2001). «Cultural Responses to Climate Change During the Late Holocene» (PDF). Science. 292 (5517): 667–673. Bibcode:2001Sci...292..667D. PMID 11303088. doi:10.1126/science.1059827. Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 17. desember 2008. «Arkivert kopi» (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 17. desember 2008. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.
Seiz, G. (2007). The activities of the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 25. mars 2009. Besøkt 21. juni 2009. «Arkivert kopi» (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 25. februar 2009. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.
Zemp, M. (2008). United Nations Environment Programme – Global Glacier Changes: facts and figures (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) . Besøkt 21. juni 2009. «Arkivert kopi» (PDF). Arkivert fra originalen (PDF) 25. mars 2009. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.
«International Stratigraphic Chart». International Commission on Stratigraphy. 2008. Arkivert fra originalen 15. oktober 2011. Besøkt 3. oktober 2011.
Chris Clowes (2003). «"Snowball" Scenarios of the Cryogenian». Paleos: Life through deep time. Arkivert fra originalen 15. juni 2009. «Arkivert kopi». Archived from the original on 15. juni 2009. Besøkt 2. mai 2019. CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL (link)
Adams J.M. & Faure H. (1997) (eds.), QEN members. Review and Atlas of Palaeovegetation: Preliminary land ecosystem maps of the world since the Last Glacial Maximum Arkivert 16. januar 2008 hos Wayback Machine.. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA.
«Sea Level Change». University of Colorado at Boulder. Arkivert fra originalen . Besøkt 21. juli 2009. «Arkivert kopi». Arkivert fra originalen 19. februar 2009. Besøkt 28. februar 2017.
Hansen, James. «Science Briefs: Earth's Climate History». NASA GISS. Arkivert fra originalen 29. september 2019. Besøkt 25. april 2013.

whoi.edu

Haug, Gerald H.; Keigwin, Lloyd D. (22. mars 2004). «How the Isthmus of Panama Put Ice in the Arctic». Oceanus. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 42 (2). Besøkt 1. oktober 2013.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Hasselmann, K. (1. desember 1976). «Stochastic climate models Part I. Theory». Tellus. 28 (6): 473–485. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00696.x.
Brown, Patrick T.; Li, Wenhong; Li, Laifang; Ming, Yi (28. juli 2014). «Top-of-atmosphere radiative contribution to unforced decadal global temperature variability in climate models». Geophysical Research Letters. 41 (14): 2014GL060625. doi:10.1002/2014GL060625.

worldcat.org

Nordli, Øyvind; Hygen, Hans Olav; Benestad, Rasmus (24. oktober 2018). «Er det noen tvil om menneskeskapte klimaendringer?». Naturen. 04 (norsk). 142: 136–143. ISSN 1504-3118. doi:10.18261/issn.1504-3118-2018-04-02. Besøkt 25. juli 2019.