Testes de hipóteses (Portuguese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Testes de hipóteses" in Portuguese language version.

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Martins, Maria Eugénia da Graça. «Karl Pearson». ALEA. p. 1. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2017

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Holm, S. (1979). «A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure». Scandinavian Journal of Statistics. 6 (2): 65–70. JSTOR 4615733. MR 538597

annals.org

Goodman, S N (15 de junho de 1999). «Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 1: The P Value Fallacy». Ann Intern Med. 130 (12): 995–1004. PMID 10383371. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00008

archive.is

Mathematics > High School: Statistics & Probability > Introduction Arquivado em 2012-07-28 na Archive.today Common Core State Standards Initiative (relates to USA students)

archive.org

ia700408.us.archive.org

Pearson, K (1904). «On the Theory of Contingency and Its Relation to Association and Normal Correlation» (PDF). Drapers' Company Research Memoirs Biometric Series. 1: 1–35

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Weiss, Neil A. «Elementary statistics» (PDF). p. 1. Consultado em 5 de junho de 2017

berkeley.edu

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Goldman, Megan (2008). «Why is Multiple Testing a Problem?» (PDF). Universidade da Califórnia — Berkley. Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017

bessegato.com.br

Bessegato, Lupércio F. «Testes de Hipóteses para uma Única Amostra» (PDF). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017
Bessegato, Lupércio F. «Inferência Estatística para Duas Amostras» (PDF). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017

books.google.com

Leônidas Hegenberg; Flávio E. Novaes Hegenberg (2009). Argumentar. Editora E-papers. p. 376. ISBN 978-85-7650-224-1.
Fisher, Sir Ronald A. (1956) [1935]. «Mathematics of a Lady Tasting Tea». The World of Mathematics. 3. [S.l.]: Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-41151-4 Originalmente do livro Design of Experiments de Fisher
Mittelhammer, Ron C.; Judge, George G.; Miller, Douglas J. (2000). Econometric Foundations. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 0-521-62394-4
Casella, George; Berger, Roger L. (2002). Statistical Inference. [S.l.]: Duxbury. pp. 11–13. ISBN 0-534-24312-6

cmu.edu

ba.stat.cmu.edu

Aldrich, J (2008). «R. A. Fisher on Bayes and Bayes' theorem» (PDF). Bayesian Analysis. 3 (1): 161–170. doi:10.1214/08-BA306. Consultado em 14 de junho de 2017. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 6 de setembro de 2014

collegeboard.com

College Board Tests > AP: Subjects > Statistics The College Board (relates to USA students)

corestandards.org

Mathematics > High School: Statistics & Probability > Introduction Arquivado em 2012-07-28 na Archive.today Common Core State Standards Initiative (relates to USA students)

doi.org

dx.doi.org

Neyman, J; Pearson, E. S. (1 de janeiro de 1933). «On the Problem of the most Efficient Tests of Statistical Hypotheses». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 231 (694–706): 289–337. doi:10.1098/rsta.1933.0009
Goodman, S N (15 de junho de 1999). «Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 1: The P Value Fallacy». Ann Intern Med. 130 (12): 995–1004. PMID 10383371. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00008
Lehmann, E. L. (1993). «The Fisher, Neyman–Pearson Theories of Testing Hypotheses: One Theory or Two?». Journal of the American Statistical Association. 88 (424): 1242–1249. doi:10.1080/01621459.1993.10476404
Lenhard, Johannes (2006). «Models and Statistical Inference: The Controversy between Fisher and Neyman–Pearson». Brit. J. Phil. Sci. 57: 69–91. doi:10.1093/bjps/axi152
Neyman, Jerzy (1967). «RA Fisher (1890—1962): An Appreciation.». Science. 156.3781: 1456–1460. doi:10.1126/science.156.3781.1456
Losavich, J. L.; Neyman, J.; Scott, E. L.; Wells, M. A. (1971). «Hypothetical explanations of the negative apparent effects of cloud seeding in the Whitetop Experiment.». Proceedings of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. 68: 2643–2646. doi:10.1073/pnas.68.11.2643
Halpin, P F; Stam, HJ (2006). «Inductive Inference or Inductive Behavior: Fisher and Neyman: Pearson Approaches to Statistical Testing in Psychological Research (1940–1960)». The American Journal of Psychology. 119 (4): 625–653. JSTOR 20445367. PMID 17286092. doi:10.2307/20445367
Loftus, G R (1991). «On the Tyranny of Hypothesis Testing in the Social Sciences» (PDF). Contemporary Psychology. 36 (2): 102–105. doi:10.1037/029395
Meehl, P (1990). «Appraising and Amending Theories: The Strategy of Lakatosian Defense and Two Principles That Warrant It» (PDF). Psychological Inquiry. 1 (2): 108–141. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0102_1
Pearson, K (1900). «On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling» (PDF). Philosophical Magazine Series. 5 (50): 157–175. doi:10.1080/14786440009463897
Zabell, S (1989). «R. A. Fisher on the History of Inverse Probability». Statistical Science. 4 (3): 247–256. JSTOR 2245634. doi:10.1214/ss/1177012488
Bakan, David (1966). «The test of significance in psychological research». Psychological Bulletin. 66 (6): 423–437. doi:10.1037/h0020412
Hubbard, R.; Parsa, A. R.; Luthy, M. R. (1997). «The Spread of Statistical Significance Testing in Psychology: The Case of the Journal of Applied Psychology». Theory and Psychology. 7 (4): 545–554. doi:10.1177/0959354397074006
McCarney R, Warner J, Iliffe S, van Haselen R, Griffin M, Fisher P; Warner; Iliffe; Van Haselen; Griffin; Fisher (2007). «The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial». BMC Med Res Methodol. 7. 30 páginas. PMC 1936999. PMID 17608932. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-7-30
Fox NS, Brennan JS, Chasen ST; Brennan; Chasen (2008). «Clinical estimation of fetal weight and the Hawthorne effect». Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 141 (2): 111–4. PMID 18771841. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.023
Tukey, John W. (1960). «Conclusions vs decisions». Technometrics. 26 (4): 423–433. doi:10.1080/00401706.1960.10489909 "Until we go through the accounts of testing hypotheses, separating [Neyman–Pearson] decision elements from [Fisher] conclusion elements, the intimate mixture of disparate elements will be a continual source of confusion." ... "There is a place for both "doing one's best" and "saying only what is certain," but it is important to know, in each instance, both which one is being done, and which one ought to be done."
Stigler, Stephen M. (1996). «The History of Statistics in 1933». Statistical Science. 11 (3): 244–252. JSTOR 2246117. doi:10.1214/ss/1032280216
Berger, James O. (2003). «Could Fisher, Jeffreys and Neyman Have Agreed on Testing?». Statistical Science. 18 (1): 1–32. doi:10.1214/ss/1056397485
Aickin, M; Gensler, H (maio de 1996). «Adjusting for multiple testing when reporting research results: the Bonferroni vs Holm methods». Am J Public Health. 86 (5): 726–728. PMC 1380484. PMID 8629727. doi:10.2105/ajph.86.5.726
Yates, Frank (1951). «The Influence of Statistical Methods for Research Workers on the Development of the Science of Statistics». Journal of the American Statistical Association. 46: 19–34. doi:10.1080/01621459.1951.10500764 "The emphasis given to formal tests of significance throughout [R.A. Fisher's] Statistical Methods ... has caused scientific research workers to pay undue attention to the results of the tests of significance they perform on their data, particularly data derived from experiments, and too little to the estimates of the magnitude of the effects they are investigating." ... "The emphasis on tests of significance and the consideration of the results of each experiment in isolation, have had the unfortunate consequence that scientific workers have often regarded the execution of a test of significance on an experiment as the ultimate objective."
Meehl, Paul E. (1967). «Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox» (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 34 (2): 103–115. doi:10.1086/288135. Consultado em 14 de junho de 2017. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 3 de dezembro de 2013 Thirty years later, Meehl acknowledged statistical significance theory to be mathematically sound while continuing to question the default choice of null hypothesis, blaming instead the "social scientists' poor understanding of the logical relation between theory and fact" in "The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions" (Chapter 14 in Harlow (1997)).
Gigerenzer, G (2004). «Mindless statistics». The Journal of Socio-Economics. 33 (5): 587–606. doi:10.1016/j.socec.2004.09.033
Nunnally, Jum (1960). «The place of statistics in psychology». Educational and Psychological Measurement. 20 (4): 641–650. doi:10.1177/001316446002000401
Jacob Cohen (1994). «The Earth Is Round (p < .05)». American Psychologist. 49 (12): 997–1003. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.49.12.997 This paper lead to the review of statistical practices by the APA. Cohen was a member of the Task Force that did the review.
Nickerson, Raymond S. (2000). «Null Hypothesis Significance Tests: A Review of an Old and Continuing Controversy». Psychological Methods. 5 (2): 241–301. PMID 10937333. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.5.2.241
Branch, Mark (2014). «Malignant side effects of null hypothesis significance testing». Theory & Psychology. 24 (2): 256–277. doi:10.1177/0959354314525282
Wilkinson, Leland (1999). «Statistical Methods in Psychology Journals; Guidelines and Explanations». American Psychologist. 54 (8): 594–604. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.8.594 "Hypothesis tests. It is hard to imagine a situation in which a dichotomous accept-reject decision is better than reporting an actual p value or, better still, a confidence interval." (p 599). The committee used the cautionary term "forbearance" in describing its decision against a ban of hypothesis testing in psychology reporting. (p 603)
Armstrong, J. Scott (2007). «Significance tests harm progress in forecasting». International Journal of Forecasting. 23 (2): 321–327. doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2007.03.004
E. L. Lehmann (1997). «Testing Statistical Hypotheses: The Story of a Book». Statistical Science. 12 (1): 48–52. doi:10.1214/ss/1029963261
Kruschke, J K (9 de julho de 2012). «Bayesian Estimation Supersedes the T Test». Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 142: 573–603. doi:10.1037/a0029146
Rozeboom, William W (1960). «The fallacy of the null-hypothesis significance test» (PDF). Psychological Bulletin. 57 (5): 416–428. doi:10.1037/h0042040 "...the proper application of statistics to scientific inference is irrevocably committed to extensive consideration of inverse [AKA Bayesian] probabilities..."It was acknowledged, with regret, that a priori probability distributions were available "only as a subjective feel, differing from one person to the next" "in the more immediate future, at least".
Berger, James (2006). «The Case for Objective Bayesian Analysis». Bayesian Analysis. 1 (3): 385–402. doi:10.1214/06-ba115 In listing the competing definitions of "objective" Bayesian analysis, "A major goal of statistics (indeed science) is to find a completely coherent objective Bayesian methodology for learning from data." The author expressed the view that this goal "is not attainable".
Aldrich, J (2008). «R. A. Fisher on Bayes and Bayes' theorem» (PDF). Bayesian Analysis. 3 (1): 161–170. doi:10.1214/08-BA306. Consultado em 14 de junho de 2017. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 6 de setembro de 2014
Mayo, D. G.; Spanos, A. (2006). «Severe Testing as a Basic Concept in a Neyman–Pearson Philosophy of Induction». The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. 57 (2): 323–357. doi:10.1093/bjps/axl003
Sotos, Ana Elisa Castro; Vanhoof, Stijn; Noortgate, Wim Van den; Onghena, Patrick (2007). «Students' Misconceptions of Statistical Inference: A Review of the Empirical Evidence from Research on Statistics Education». Educational Research Review. 2: 98–113. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2007.04.001
Moore, David S. (1997). «New Pedagogy and New Content: The Case of Statistics». International Statistical Review. 65: 123–165. doi:10.2307/1403333
Hubbard, Raymond; Armstrong, J. Scott (2006). «Why We Don't Really Know What Statistical Significance Means: Implications for Educators» (PDF). Journal of Marketing Education. 28 (2): 114–120. doi:10.1177/0273475306288399. Arquivado do original em 18 de maio de 2006 !CS1 manut: Url estragada (link) Preprint
Gigerenzer, G. (2004). «The Null Ritual What You Always Wanted to Know About Significant Testing but Were Afraid to Ask». The SAGE Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences (PDF). [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 391–408. doi:10.4135/9781412986311

drake.edu

escholarshare.drake.edu

Hubbard, Raymond; Armstrong, J. Scott (2006). «Why We Don't Really Know What Statistical Significance Means: Implications for Educators» (PDF). Journal of Marketing Education. 28 (2): 114–120. doi:10.1177/0273475306288399. Arquivado do original em 18 de maio de 2006 !CS1 manut: Url estragada (link) Preprint

duke.edu

ftp.isds.duke.edu

Raymond Hubbard, M. J. Bayarri, P Values are not Error Probabilities Arquivado em 4 de setembro de 2013, no Wayback Machine.. A working paper that explains the difference between Fisher's evidential p-value and the Neyman–Pearson Type I error rate $\alpha$ .

www2.stat.duke.edu

Lehmann, E. L. (1993). «The Fisher, Neyman—Pearson Theories of Testing Hypotheses: One Theory or Two?» (PDF). Journal of the American Statistical Association. 88 (424)

epidemiology.ch

Cornfield, Jerome (1976). «Recent Methodological Contributions to Clinical Trials» (PDF). American Journal of Epidemiology. 104 (4): 408–421

ethz.ch

stat.ethz.ch

«Multiple Testing» (PDF). ETH Zurich. Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017

gmu.edu

mres.gmu.edu

Meehl, Paul E. (1967). «Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox» (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 34 (2): 103–115. doi:10.1086/288135. Consultado em 14 de junho de 2017. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 3 de dezembro de 2013 Thirty years later, Meehl acknowledged statistical significance theory to be mathematically sound while continuing to question the default choice of null hypothesis, blaming instead the "social scientists' poor understanding of the logical relation between theory and fact" in "The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions" (Chapter 14 in Harlow (1997)).

google.com.br

books.google.com.br

A. Gabriel, Franklin; K. Iyer, Hariharan; K. Burdick, Richard (1998). Applied Statistics: A First Course in Inference (em inglês). [S.l.]: Prentice Hall. p. 181. 461 páginas. ISBN 9780136214670
Shields, Morgan (13 de agosto de 2019). Research Methodology and Statistical Methods (em inglês). [S.l.]: Scientific e-Resources. p. 213

icmje.org

«ICMJE: Obligation to Publish Negative Studies». Consultado em 3 de setembro de 2012. Arquivado do original em 16 de julho de 2012. Editors should seriously consider for publication any carefully done study of an important question, relevant to their readers, whether the results for the primary or any additional outcome are statistically significant. Failure to submit or publish findings because of lack of statistical significance is an important cause of publication bias.

indiana.edu

cognitrn.psych.indiana.edu

«Conductiing Experiments» (PDF). Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017

jasnh.com

Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis website: JASNH homepage. Volume 1 number 1 was published in 2002, and all articles are on psychology-related subjects.

jstor.org

Halpin, P F; Stam, HJ (2006). «Inductive Inference or Inductive Behavior: Fisher and Neyman: Pearson Approaches to Statistical Testing in Psychological Research (1940–1960)». The American Journal of Psychology. 119 (4): 625–653. JSTOR 20445367. PMID 17286092. doi:10.2307/20445367
Zabell, S (1989). «R. A. Fisher on the History of Inverse Probability». Statistical Science. 4 (3): 247–256. JSTOR 2245634. doi:10.1214/ss/1177012488
Stigler, Stephen M. (1996). «The History of Statistics in 1933». Statistical Science. 11 (3): 244–252. JSTOR 2246117. doi:10.1214/ss/1032280216
Holm, S. (1979). «A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure». Scandinavian Journal of Statistics. 6 (2): 65–70. JSTOR 4615733. MR 538597

lander.edu

philosophy.lander.edu

«Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic - Argumentum ad Ignorantiam» (em inglês). philosophy lander. 24 de setembro de 2009. Consultado em 18 de julho de 2011

mbarros.com

Barros, Monica. «Teoria da Decisão: Neyman-Pearson e Bayes» (PDF). M. Barros Consultoria. p. 10. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2017
Barros, Monica. «Teoria da decisão: Neyman-Pearson e Bayes» (PDF). mbarros. p. 1. Consultado em 2 de junho de 2017

merriam-webster.com

«placebo effect». Mirriam-Webster Incorporated. Consultado em 21 de janeiro de 2017

mheducation.com

highered.mheducation.com

«Test for variance or standard deviation» (PDF). p. 439. Consultado em 5 de junho de 2017

mpg.de

library.mpib-berlin.mpg.de

Gigerenzer, G. (2004). «The Null Ritual What You Always Wanted to Know About Significant Testing but Were Afraid to Ask». The SAGE Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences (PDF). [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 391–408. doi:10.4135/9781412986311

nap.edu

Kaye, David H.; Freedman, David A. (2011). «Reference Guide on Statistics». Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence 3 ed. Eagan, MN Washington, D.C: West National Academies Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-309-21421-6

ncss.com

«Equivalence Tests for Two Proportions» (PDF). PASS Sample Size Software. p. 5. Consultado em 5 de junho de 2017

nd.edu

www3.nd.edu

Williams, Richard (13 de janeiro de 2015). «Review of Multiple Regression» (PDF). University of Notre Dame. p. 3. Consultado em 5 de junho de 2017

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Goodman, S N (15 de junho de 1999). «Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 1: The P Value Fallacy». Ann Intern Med. 130 (12): 995–1004. PMID 10383371. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00008
Halpin, P F; Stam, HJ (2006). «Inductive Inference or Inductive Behavior: Fisher and Neyman: Pearson Approaches to Statistical Testing in Psychological Research (1940–1960)». The American Journal of Psychology. 119 (4): 625–653. JSTOR 20445367. PMID 17286092. doi:10.2307/20445367
McCarney R, Warner J, Iliffe S, van Haselen R, Griffin M, Fisher P; Warner; Iliffe; Van Haselen; Griffin; Fisher (2007). «The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial». BMC Med Res Methodol. 7. 30 páginas. PMC 1936999. PMID 17608932. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-7-30
Fox NS, Brennan JS, Chasen ST; Brennan; Chasen (2008). «Clinical estimation of fetal weight and the Hawthorne effect». Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 141 (2): 111–4. PMID 18771841. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.023
Aickin, M; Gensler, H (maio de 1996). «Adjusting for multiple testing when reporting research results: the Bonferroni vs Holm methods». Am J Public Health. 86 (5): 726–728. PMC 1380484. PMID 8629727. doi:10.2105/ajph.86.5.726
Nickerson, Raymond S. (2000). «Null Hypothesis Significance Tests: A Review of an Old and Continuing Controversy». Psychological Methods. 5 (2): 241–301. PMID 10937333. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.5.2.241

nist.gov

itl.nist.gov

NIST handbook: Two-Sample t-test for Equal Means
NIST handbook: F-Test for Equality of Two Standard Deviations (Testing standard deviations the same as testing variances)

portalaction.com.br

«Teste de Fisher». Portal Action. p. 1. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2017

pucrs.br

Vialli, Lorí. «Teste de Hipóteses» (PDF). Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC – RS). p. 12. Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017

scielo.org

books.scielo.org

Luiz, Ronir Raggio; Struchiner, Claudio José (2002). «2. O Modelo Estatístico de Causalidade». Inferência Causal em Epidemiologia: O Modelo de Respostas Potenciais (PDF). Rio de Janeiro: FIOCRUZ. p. 29. 112 páginas

skepdic.com

«Clever Hans Phenomenon». The Skeptic's Dictionary. Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017

soton.ac.uk

economics.soton.ac.uk

Pearson, K (1900). «On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling» (PDF). Philosophical Magazine Series. 5 (50): 157–175. doi:10.1080/14786440009463897

stats.org.uk

Rozeboom, William W (1960). «The fallacy of the null-hypothesis significance test» (PDF). Psychological Bulletin. 57 (5): 416–428. doi:10.1037/h0042040 "...the proper application of statistics to scientific inference is irrevocably committed to extensive consideration of inverse [AKA Bayesian] probabilities..."It was acknowledged, with regret, that a priori probability distributions were available "only as a subjective feel, differing from one person to the next" "in the more immediate future, at least".

thefreedictionary.com

«placebo effect». Consultado em 21 de janeiro de 2017

ttu.edu

rhowell.ba.ttu.edu

Meehl, P (1990). «Appraising and Amending Theories: The Strategy of Lakatosian Defense and Two Principles That Warrant It» (PDF). Psychological Inquiry. 1 (2): 108–141. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0102_1

uah.edu

math.uah.edu

http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/hypothesis/Introduction.html

uci.edu

ics.uci.edu

Loftus, G R (1991). «On the Tyranny of Hypothesis Testing in the Social Sciences» (PDF). Contemporary Psychology. 36 (2): 102–105. doi:10.1037/029395

ucsd.edu

cogsci.ucsd.edu

Abdi, Hervé. «The Bonferonni and Šidák Corrections for Multiple Comparisons» (PDF)

uem.br

din.uem.br

«Probabilidades e Teoremas de BAYES». Universidade Estadual de Maringá. p. 1. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2017

ufmg.br

mat.ufmg.br

Queiroz, Marina Muniz de. «ESTATÍSTICA BAYESIANA» (PDF). UFMG. p. 2. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2017
Queiroz, Marina Muniz de. «ESTATÍSTICA BAYESIANA» (PDF). UFMG. p. 4. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2017

plutao.est.ufmg.br

Zeghzeghi, M. I.; Cruz, F. R. B. (2010). «Teste de Significância via testes de Permutação na comparação de Médias em pequenas amostras» (PDF). Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. p. 6. Consultado em 2 de junho de 2017

ufpe.br

de.ufpe.br

Lovric, Miodrag (18 de novembro de 2013). «On the diminishing of scientific methods based on p-values: Frequentist and Bayesian perspective» (PDF). UFPE. p. 1. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2017

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«Inferência Estatística». Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017
«2. Testes de Hipóteses». Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017
«6. Testes de Hipóteses». Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017
«Amostras Pareadas». Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017
«Teste Z». Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017
«Teste t». Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017
Lopes, Aline Cristina Berbet; Leinioski, Amanda da Cruz; Ceccon, Larissa (2015). «Testes t para comparação de médias de dois grupos independentes» (PDF). UFPR. p. 11. Consultado em 2 de junho de 2017
Ehlers, Ricardo S. (2003). «Introdução a Inferência Bayesiana - Distribuições a Priori». Universidade Federal do Paraná. p. 1. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2017

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«Análise de Variância» (PDF). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017

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REIS, MARCELO MENEZES. «PODER DO TESTE» (PDF). UFSC. p. 3. Consultado em 2 de junho de 2017
REIS, MARCELO MENEZES. «TESTES DE HIPÓTESES» (PDF). UFSC. p. 24. Consultado em 2 de junho de 2017
«Conceitos Elementares de Estatística». Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017

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«Introdução à Inferência Estatística» (PDF). Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). p. 79. Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 26 de outubro de 2017

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Santos, Flávia Oliveira; Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo. «O Uso do Modelo de Bayes em Sistemas Baseados em Conhecimento». Universidade Federal de São Carlos. p. 8. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2017

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Dávila, Víctor Hugo Lachos. «Teste de Hipóteses» (PDF). Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). p. 3. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2017
Dávila, Víctor Hugo Lachos. «Teste de Hipóteses» (PDF). Instituto de Matemática e Estatística da Universidade de São Paulo (IME / USP). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017

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«Bonferroni–Holm» (PDF). University of Ottawa. Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017

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"Over the last fifty years, How to Lie with Statistics has sold more copies than any other statistical text." J. M. Steele. ""Darrell Huff and Fifty Years of How to Lie with Statistics". Statistical Science, 20 (3), 2005, 205–209.

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Armstrong, J. Scott (2007). «Significance tests harm progress in forecasting». International Journal of Forecasting. 23 (2): 321–327. doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2007.03.004

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Moura, Nathália Demétrio Vasconcelos (2014). «Utilidade para testes de signicância» (PDF). Instituto de Matemática e Estatística - USP. pp. 7 – 8. Consultado em 26 de abril de 2017
«Testes Qui-Quadrado – Aderência e Independência» (PDF). Instituto de Matemática e Estatística da Universidade de São Paulo (IME / USP). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017
Bolfarine, Heleno (2013). «- Testes Qui-quadrado - Aderência e Independência» (PDF). IMEUSP. p. 9. Consultado em 5 de junho de 2017

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Pena, Sérgio Danilo (2006). «Bayes: O 'cara'!» (PDF). Instituto de Biociências da USP. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2017

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«Teste Qui-Quadrado de Bondade de Ajuste – Distribuições Poisson e Normal» (PDF). Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação da Universidade de São Paulo (ICMC / USP). Consultado em 18 de maio de 2017

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Loveland, Jennifer L. (2011). Mathematical Justification of Introductory Hypothesis Tests and Development of Reference Materials (M.Sc. (Mathematics)). Utah State University. Consultado em 30 de abril de 2013 Abstract: "The focus was on the Neyman–Pearson approach to hypothesis testing. A brief historical development of the Neyman–Pearson approach is followed by mathematical proofs of each of the hypothesis tests covered in the reference material." The proofs do not reference the concepts introduced by Neyman and Pearson, instead they show that traditional test statistics have the probability distributions ascribed to them, so that significance calculations assuming those distributions are correct. The thesis information is also posted at mathnstats.com as of April 2013.

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«Lecture 10: Multiple Testing» (PDF). Universidade de Washington. Consultado em 4 de maio de 2017

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Raymond Hubbard, M. J. Bayarri, P Values are not Error Probabilities Arquivado em 4 de setembro de 2013, no Wayback Machine.. A working paper that explains the difference between Fisher's evidential p-value and the Neyman–Pearson Type I error rate $\alpha$ .
Meehl, Paul E. (1967). «Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox» (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 34 (2): 103–115. doi:10.1086/288135. Consultado em 14 de junho de 2017. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 3 de dezembro de 2013 Thirty years later, Meehl acknowledged statistical significance theory to be mathematically sound while continuing to question the default choice of null hypothesis, blaming instead the "social scientists' poor understanding of the logical relation between theory and fact" in "The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions" (Chapter 14 in Harlow (1997)).
«ICMJE: Obligation to Publish Negative Studies». Consultado em 3 de setembro de 2012. Arquivado do original em 16 de julho de 2012. Editors should seriously consider for publication any carefully done study of an important question, relevant to their readers, whether the results for the primary or any additional outcome are statistically significant. Failure to submit or publish findings because of lack of statistical significance is an important cause of publication bias.
Aldrich, J (2008). «R. A. Fisher on Bayes and Bayes' theorem» (PDF). Bayesian Analysis. 3 (1): 161–170. doi:10.1214/08-BA306. Consultado em 14 de junho de 2017. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 6 de setembro de 2014
Hubbard, Raymond; Armstrong, J. Scott (2006). «Why We Don't Really Know What Statistical Significance Means: Implications for Educators» (PDF). Journal of Marketing Education. 28 (2): 114–120. doi:10.1177/0273475306288399. Arquivado do original em 18 de maio de 2006 !CS1 manut: Url estragada (link) Preprint

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«Capítulo 10 Testes para duas amostras» (PDF). Universidade do Espírito Santo. p. 9. Consultado em 2 de junho de 2017
«Capítulo 10 Testes para duas amostras» (PDF). Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. 2008. p. 36. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2017

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Fisher, R N (1958). «The Nature of Probability» (PDF). Centennial Review. 2: 261–274 "We are quite in danger of sending highly trained and highly intelligent young men out into the world with tables of erroneous numbers under their arms, and with a dense fog in the place where their brains ought to be. In this century, of course, they will be working on guided missiles and advising the medical profession on the control of disease, and there is no limit to the extent to which they could impede every sort of national effort."