Earth (Simple English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Earth" in Simple English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Simple English rank

21web.archive.org

1^st place

14harvard.edu

18^th place

14^th place

12doi.org

2^nd place

3^rd place

10semanticscholar.org

11^th place

9^th place

8nasa.gov

75^th place

30^th place

7nih.gov

4^th place

6^th place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

2^nd place

3archive.org

6^th place

4^th place

3physicalgeography.net

low place

2,051^st place

2agu.org

6,456^th place

6,141^st place

2worldcat.org

5^th place

2asu.edu

2,187^th place

1,793^rd place

2nature.com

234^th place

139^th place

2bbc.co.uk

8^th place

7^th place

1obspm.fr

6,718^th place

4,597^th place

1ucsusa.org

low place

9,915^th place

1navy.mil

237^th place

378^th place

1nga.mil

2,028^th place

1,919^th place

1iers.org

low place

5,710^th place

1online.no

low place

1cia.gov

89^th place

42^nd place

1landcover.org

low place

1factshungry.com

low place

1nist.gov

355^th place

235^th place

1noaa.gov

212^th place

80^th place

1lyellcollection.org

6,584^th place

7,678^th place

1msn.com

117^th place

75^th place

1esa.int

1,482^nd place

805^th place

1space.com

936^th place

799^th place

1forbes.com

54^th place

60^th place

1aps.org

1,503^rd place

615^th place

1spaceref.com

8,446^th place

4,942^nd place

1milkenreview.org

low place

1profsurv.com

low place

7,650^th place

1abc.net.au

139^th place

98^th place

1jamstec.go.jp

low place

1ucl.ac.uk

1,306^th place

1,285^th place

1oregonstate.edu

2,041^st place

1,166^th place

1platetectonics.com

low place

8,112^th place

1usgs.gov

167^th place

29^th place

1unesco.org

104^th place

53^rd place

abc.net.au

"Tall tales about highest peaks". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 April 2004. Retrieved 29 December 2008.

agu.org

Cazenave, Anny (1995). "Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms" (PDF). In Ahrens, Thomas J (ed.). Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. AGU Reference Shelf. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. Bibcode:1995geph.conf.....A. doi:10.1029/RF001. ISBN 978-0-87590-851-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
Toshiro Tanimoto. "Crustal surface of the Earth" (PDF). American Geophysical Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2003. Retrieved 2 August 2009.

aps.org

journals.aps.org

Burbidge, E.M; Burbidge G.R.; Fowler W.A.; Hoyle F. 1957. Synthesis of the elements in stars. Reviews of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 547–650.[2]

archive.org

Lide, David R. (2000). David R. Lide (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC. ISBN 978-0-8493-0481-1.
A. Morbidelli J.; et al. (2000). "Source regions and timescales for the delivery of water to the Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309–1320. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x. ISSN 1086-9379. S2CID 129817341.
Seyfert, Carl K.; Seyfert, Carl; Seyfert, Claus (1987). The encyclopedia of structural geology and plate tectonics. Springer. ISBN 978-0-442-28125-0.

asu.edu

wmo.asu.edu

"World: Lowest Temperature". WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. Archived from the original on 16 June 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
"World: Highest Temperature". WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2010.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Kinver, Mark (10 December 2009). "Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010". BBC. Retrieved 22 April 2010.

bbc.co.uk

The source of the water is not known for sure, but we do know water is in some meteorites. "Winchcombe meteorite bolsters Earth water theory" [1]

books.google.com

Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. (2000). Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-387-98746-0. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. (2000). Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-387-98746-0. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. (2000). Arthur N. Cox (ed.). Allen's Astrophysical Quantities (4th ed.). New York: AIP Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-387-98746-0. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

cia.gov

Staff (24 July 2008). "World". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2008.

doi.org

Cazenave, Anny (1995). "Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms" (PDF). In Ahrens, Thomas J (ed.). Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. AGU Reference Shelf. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. Bibcode:1995geph.conf.....A. doi:10.1029/RF001. ISBN 978-0-87590-851-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; et al. (August 2011). "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 110 (4): 293–304. Bibcode:2011CeMDA.110..293L. doi:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4. S2CID 122755461.
Williams, James G. (1994). "Contributions to the Earth's obliquity rate, precession, and nutation". The Astronomical Journal. 108: 711. Bibcode:1994AJ....108..711W. doi:10.1086/117108. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 122370108.
Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
name="Gomes">R. Gomes H.F.; et al. (2005). "Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets" (PDF). Nature. 435 (7041): 466–469. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..466G. doi:10.1038/nature03676. PMID 15917802. S2CID 4398337.
A. Morbidelli J.; et al. (2000). "Source regions and timescales for the delivery of water to the Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309–1320. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x. ISSN 1086-9379. S2CID 129817341.
May, Robert M. (1988). "How many species are there on Earth". Science. 241 (4872). Harvard University: 1441–1449. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094.
Canup, Robin M.; Asphaug, Erik (2001). "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation". Nature. 412 (6848). Nature.com: 708–712. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..708C. doi:10.1038/35089010. PMID 11507633. S2CID 4413525. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
Sharp, David (5 March 2005). "Chimborazo and the old kilogram". The Lancet. 365 (9462): 831–832. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71021-7. PMID 15752514. S2CID 41080944.
D. Alfé (25 April 2002). "The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 360 (1795). The Royal Society: 1227–1244. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. PMID 12804276. S2CID 21132433. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
Tackley, Paul J. (16 June 2000). "Mantle convection and plate tectonics: towards an integrated physical and chemical theory". Science. 288 (5473): 2002–2007. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.2002T. doi:10.1126/science.288.5473.2002. PMID 10856206.

esa.int

Blue Planet is a poetic title for the Earth used in movies, in cheap paper books, in poetry, and in government reports (such as the European Space Agency's Exploring the water cycle of the Blue Planet)

factshungry.com

"Earth's facts". factshungry. 10 May 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.

forbes.com

Forbes: How fast does the Earth move through the universe?

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Simon, J.L.; Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (February 1994). "Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 282 (2): 663–83. Bibcode:1994A&A...282..663S.
Cazenave, Anny (1995). "Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms" (PDF). In Ahrens, Thomas J (ed.). Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. AGU Reference Shelf. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. Bibcode:1995geph.conf.....A. doi:10.1029/RF001. ISBN 978-0-87590-851-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; et al. (August 2011). "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 110 (4): 293–304. Bibcode:2011CeMDA.110..293L. doi:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4. S2CID 122755461.
Williams, James G. (1994). "Contributions to the Earth's obliquity rate, precession, and nutation". The Astronomical Journal. 108: 711. Bibcode:1994AJ....108..711W. doi:10.1086/117108. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 122370108.
Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
name="Gomes">R. Gomes H.F.; et al. (2005). "Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets" (PDF). Nature. 435 (7041): 466–469. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..466G. doi:10.1038/nature03676. PMID 15917802. S2CID 4398337.
A. Morbidelli J.; et al. (2000). "Source regions and timescales for the delivery of water to the Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309–1320. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x. ISSN 1086-9379. S2CID 129817341.
May, Robert M. (1988). "How many species are there on Earth". Science. 241 (4872). Harvard University: 1441–1449. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094.
Canup, Robin M.; Asphaug, Erik (2001). "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation". Nature. 412 (6848). Nature.com: 708–712. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..708C. doi:10.1038/35089010. PMID 11507633. S2CID 4413525. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
D. Alfé (25 April 2002). "The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 360 (1795). The Royal Society: 1227–1244. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. PMID 12804276. S2CID 21132433. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
Tackley, Paul J. (16 June 2000). "Mantle convection and plate tectonics: towards an integrated physical and chemical theory". Science. 288 (5473): 2002–2007. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.2002T. doi:10.1126/science.288.5473.2002. PMID 10856206.

adsabs.harvard.edu

May, Robert M. (1988). "How many species are there on Earth". Science. 241 (4872). Harvard University: 1441–1449. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Retrieved 28 July 2009.

eps.harvard.edu

"The Snowball Earth". Paul F. Hoffman and Daniel P. Schrag. Harvard University. 8 August 1999. Archived from the original on 10 September 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2009.

iers.org

International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Working Group (2004). "General Definitions and Numerical Standards" (PDF). In McCarthy, Dennis D.; Petit, Gérard (eds.). IERS Conventions (2003 (PDF). Dennis D. McCarthy, Gérard Petit, IERS Convertions Centre. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie. p. 12. ISBN 978-3-89888-884-4. Retrieved 29 April 2016.

jamstec.go.jp

"7,000 m Class Remotely Operated Vehicle KAIKO 7000". Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2008.

landcover.org

Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surrounding ice shelves, and mapping conventions for vertical datums, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from the Vector Map and Global Landcover Archived 2015-03-26 at the Wayback Machine datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of Earth's surface. The ice shields of Antarctica and Greenland are counted as land, even though much of the rock that supports them lies below sea level.

lyellcollection.org

sp.lyellcollection.org

Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094. Retrieved 28 July 2009.

milkenreview.org

Rare Earths explained. Jordy Lee Calderon, Milken Institute Review. [3]

msn.com

msnbc.msn.com

"Rover reveals Mars was once wet enough for life". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 10 February 2004. Retrieved 28 July 2009.

nasa.gov

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

Williams, David R. (16 March 2017). "Earth Fact Sheet". NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
"NASA- an Earth fact sheet". NASA. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
Williams, David R. (16 March 2017). Earth Fact Sheet. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 26 July 2018. [4]

nasa.gov

"NASA - Earth's atmosphere". NASA. Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
"What causes weather?". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 May 2005. Retrieved 6 August 2009.

orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov

As of 4 January 2018, the United States Strategic Command tracked a total of 18,835 artificial objects, mostly debris. See: Anz-Meador, Phillip; Shoots, Debi, eds. (February 2018). "Satellite Box Score" (PDF). Orbital Debris Quarterly News. 22 (1): 12. Retrieved 18 April 2018.

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

"Earth's location in the Milky Way". NASA. Retrieved 6 August 2009.

eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov

Espenak, Fred. "Eclipses and the Moon's Orbit". NASA. Retrieved 10 August 2022.

nature.com

name="Gomes">R. Gomes H.F.; et al. (2005). "Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets" (PDF). Nature. 435 (7041): 466–469. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..466G. doi:10.1038/nature03676. PMID 15917802. S2CID 4398337.
Canup, Robin M.; Asphaug, Erik (2001). "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation". Nature. 412 (6848). Nature.com: 708–712. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..708C. doi:10.1038/35089010. PMID 11507633. S2CID 4413525. Retrieved 28 July 2009.

navy.mil

asa.usno.navy.mil

"Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011". The Astronomical Almanac. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2011.

nga.mil

earth-info.nga.mil

World Geodetic System (WGS-84). Available online Archived 2020-03-11 at the Wayback Machine from National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

name="Gomes">R. Gomes H.F.; et al. (2005). "Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets" (PDF). Nature. 435 (7041): 466–469. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..466G. doi:10.1038/nature03676. PMID 15917802. S2CID 4398337.
May, Robert M. (1988). "How many species are there on Earth". Science. 241 (4872). Harvard University: 1441–1449. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
Canup, Robin M.; Asphaug, Erik (2001). "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation". Nature. 412 (6848). Nature.com: 708–712. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..708C. doi:10.1038/35089010. PMID 11507633. S2CID 4413525. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
Sharp, David (5 March 2005). "Chimborazo and the old kilogram". The Lancet. 365 (9462): 831–832. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71021-7. PMID 15752514. S2CID 41080944.
D. Alfé (25 April 2002). "The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 360 (1795). The Royal Society: 1227–1244. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. PMID 12804276. S2CID 21132433. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
Tackley, Paul J. (16 June 2000). "Mantle convection and plate tectonics: towards an integrated physical and chemical theory". Science. 288 (5473): 2002–2007. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.2002T. doi:10.1126/science.288.5473.2002. PMID 10856206.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Morgan J.W. & Anders E. 1980. Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 77 (12): 6973–6977. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC350422/?tool=pmcentrez Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Full free text

nist.gov

physics.nist.gov

The international system of units (SI) (PDF) (2008 ed.). United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 330. p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2019.

noaa.gov

esrl.noaa.gov

"Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Recent Global CO
2 Trend". Earth System Research Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 26 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018.

obspm.fr

hpiers.obspm.fr

Staff (7 August 2007). "Useful Constants". International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. Retrieved 23 September 2008.

online.no

home.online.no

Humerfelt, Sigurd (26 October 2010). "How WGS 84 defines Earth". Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.

oregonstate.edu

volcano.oregonstate.edu

"The Crust". Oregon State University. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2009.

physicalgeography.net

Pidwirny, Michael (2 February 2006). "Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1)". Fundamentals EBook. University of British Columbia, Okanagan. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
"Chapter 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere". Physical Geography. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
"Fundamentals of physical geography - the greenhouse effect". Physical Geography. Retrieved 6 August 2009.

platetectonics.com

"Plate Tectonics: plate boundaries". platetectonics.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.

profsurv.com

Senne, Joseph H. (May 2000). "Did Edmund Hillary climb the wrong mountain?". Professional Surveyor Magazine. Retrieved 24 October 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; et al. (August 2011). "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 110 (4): 293–304. Bibcode:2011CeMDA.110..293L. doi:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4. S2CID 122755461.
Williams, James G. (1994). "Contributions to the Earth's obliquity rate, precession, and nutation". The Astronomical Journal. 108: 711. Bibcode:1994AJ....108..711W. doi:10.1086/117108. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 122370108.
Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
name="Gomes">R. Gomes H.F.; et al. (2005). "Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets" (PDF). Nature. 435 (7041): 466–469. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..466G. doi:10.1038/nature03676. PMID 15917802. S2CID 4398337.
A. Morbidelli J.; et al. (2000). "Source regions and timescales for the delivery of water to the Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309–1320. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x. ISSN 1086-9379. S2CID 129817341.
May, Robert M. (1988). "How many species are there on Earth". Science. 241 (4872). Harvard University: 1441–1449. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441. PMID 17790039. S2CID 34992724. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Special Publications, Geological Society of London. 190 (1): 205–221. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. S2CID 130092094.
Canup, Robin M.; Asphaug, Erik (2001). "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation". Nature. 412 (6848). Nature.com: 708–712. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..708C. doi:10.1038/35089010. PMID 11507633. S2CID 4413525. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
Sharp, David (5 March 2005). "Chimborazo and the old kilogram". The Lancet. 365 (9462): 831–832. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71021-7. PMID 15752514. S2CID 41080944.
D. Alfé (25 April 2002). "The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 360 (1795). The Royal Society: 1227–1244. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. PMID 12804276. S2CID 21132433. Retrieved 2 August 2009.

space.com

"Origins of life on Earth". Space.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2009.

spaceref.com

"Earth life appeared on land 1.5 billion years earlier than previously thought". SpaceRef.com. 29 November 2000. Retrieved 3 July 2009.^{[permanent dead link]}

ucl.ac.uk

chianti.geol.ucl.ac.uk

D. Alfé (25 April 2002). "The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 360 (1795). The Royal Society: 1227–1244. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. PMID 12804276. S2CID 21132433. Retrieved 2 August 2009.

ucsusa.org

"UCS Satellite Database". Nuclear Weapons & Global Security. Union of Concerned Scientists. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.

unesco.org

webworld.unesco.org

"World water resources and their uses". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 20 July 2001. Retrieved 6 August 2009.

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

"Understanding plate motions". USGS. Retrieved 12 June 2010.

web.archive.org

"Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011". The Astronomical Almanac. Archived from the original on 26 August 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
World Geodetic System (WGS-84). Available online Archived 2020-03-11 at the Wayback Machine from National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
Cazenave, Anny (1995). "Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms" (PDF). In Ahrens, Thomas J (ed.). Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. AGU Reference Shelf. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. Bibcode:1995geph.conf.....A. doi:10.1029/RF001. ISBN 978-0-87590-851-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
Humerfelt, Sigurd (26 October 2010). "How WGS 84 defines Earth". Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
Staff (24 July 2008). "World". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surrounding ice shelves, and mapping conventions for vertical datums, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from the Vector Map and Global Landcover Archived 2015-03-26 at the Wayback Machine datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of Earth's surface. The ice shields of Antarctica and Greenland are counted as land, even though much of the rock that supports them lies below sea level.
"Earth's facts". factshungry. 10 May 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
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