原子 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "原子" in Chinese language version.

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84web.archive.org

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acs.org

pubs.acs.org

Baum, Rudy. It's Elemental: The Periodic Table. Chemical & Engineering News. 2003 [2008-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-21）.
Jacoby, Mitch. As-yet-unsynthesized superheavy atom should form a stable diatomic molecule with fluorine. Chemical & Engineering News. 2006, 84 (10): 19 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-15）.

aps.org

prola.aps.org

Diamond, H.; et al. Heavy Isotope Abundances in Mike Thermonuclear Device (subscription required). Physical Review. 1960, 119: 2000–04 [2008-01-14]. Bibcode:1960PhRv..119.2000D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.119.2000. （原始内容存档于2011-11-12）.

aps.org

Ripin, Barrett H. Recent Experiments on Exotic Atoms. American Physical Society. 1998年7月 [2008-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-02）.

archive.org

Scientific American. Scientific American Science Desk Reference. Wiley. 1999: 62. ISBN 9780471356752.
Scerri, Eric R. The Periodic Table. Oxford University Press US. 2007: 205–226. ISBN 0195305736.

archive.today

Jacoby, Mitch. As-yet-unsynthesized superheavy atom should form a stable diatomic molecule with fluorine. Chemical & Engineering News. 2006, 84 (10): 19 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-15）.

arxiv.org

Copi, Craig J.; Schramm, David N.; Turner, Michael S. Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Baryon Density of the Universe (PDF). Science. 1995, 267: 192–99 [2008-01-13]. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..192C. PMID 7809624. arXiv:astro-ph/9407006 . doi:10.1126/science.7809624. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-02-27）.
Mashnik, Stepan G. On Solar System and Cosmic Rays Nucleosynthesis and Spallation Processes. Cornell University. 2000年8月 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-19）.
Indelicato, Paul. Exotic Atoms. Physica Scripta. 2004, T112: 20–26. Bibcode:2004PhST..112...20I. arXiv:physics/0409058 . doi:10.1238/Physica.Topical.112a00020.

avogadro.co.uk

Atomic Emission Spectra—Origin of Spectral Lines. Avogadro Web Site. [2006-08-10]. （原始内容存档于2006-02-28）.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Staff. Researchers 'look inside' antimatter. BBC News. 2002-10-30 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-22）.

bnl.gov

nndc.bnl.gov

Audi, G.; Wapstra, A. H.; Thibault C. The Ame2003 atomic mass evaluation（II）. Nuclear Physics. 2003, A729: 337–676 [2008-02-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-16）.

books.google.com

歐風烈. 陽陰宇宙: 重新思考我們對宇宙的想法. Fong Lieh Ou（Showwe Information Co Ltd）. 1 December 2018: 407– [2019-04-11]. ISBN 978-957-43-6142-7. （原始内容存档于2022-04-04）.

carleton.edu

serc.carleton.edu

Wenner, Jennifer M. How Does Radioactive Decay Work?. Carleton College. 2007-10-10 [2008-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-11）.

cas.cn

itp.cas.cn

吴岳良. “两暗一新”暗物质、暗能量、新理论 (PDF). 中国科学院理论物理研究所. 2010-03-18 [2022-05-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-05-24）（中文（简体））. 可见宇宙有普通物质（ORDINARY MATTER）和普通能量（ORDINARY ENERGY），黑暗宇宙有暗物质（DARK MATTER）和暗能量（DARK ENERGY）

cerncourier.com

Anonymous. Second postcard from the island of stability. CERN Courier. 2001-10-02 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-02-03）.

columbia.edu

Haubold, Hans; Mathai, AM. Microcosmos: From Leucippus to Yukawa. Structure of the Universe. Common Sense Science. 1998 [2008-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-01）.

cornell.edu

instruct1.cit.cornell.edu

Herter, Terry. Lecture 8: The Hydrogen Atom. Cornell University. 2006 [2008-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-15）.

curtin.edu.au

oklo.curtin.edu.au

Oklo Fossil Reactors. Curtin University of Technology. [2008-01-15]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-18）.

cwru.edu

burro.cwru.edu

Mihos, Chris. Overcoming the Coulomb Barrier. Case Western Reserve University. 2002-07-23 [2008-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-12）.

doi.org

Einstein, Albert. Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen (PDF). Annalen der Physik. 1905年5月, 322 (8): 549–560 [2007-02-04]. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..549E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220806. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-03-18）（德语）.
Lewis, Gilbert N. The Atom and the Molecule. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1916年4月, 38 (4): 762–786. doi:10.1021/ja02261a002.
Park, Jiwoong; et al. Coulomb blockade and the Kondo effect in single-atom transistors. Nature. 2002, 417 (6890): 722–25 [2008-01-03]. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..722P. doi:10.1038/nature00791. （原始内容存档于2008-01-12）.
Domokos, P.; Janszky, J.; Adam, P. Single-atom interference method for generating Fock states. Physical Review a. 1994, 50: 3340–44 [2008-01-03]. Bibcode:1994PhRvA..50.3340D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3340. （原始内容存档于2018-10-05）.
Fewell, M. P. The atomic nuclide with the highest mean binding energy. American Journal of Physics. 1995, 63 (7): 653–58 [2007-02-01]. Bibcode:1995AmJPh..63..653F. doi:10.1119/1.17828. （原始内容存档于2011-03-22）.
Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallographica, Section a. 1976, 32: 751 [2007-01-03]. Bibcode:1976AcCrA..32..751S. doi:10.1107/S0567739476001551. （原始内容存档于2007-09-30）.
Brazhkin, Vadim V. Metastable phases, phase transformations, and phase diagrams in physics and chemistry. Physics-Uspekhi. 2006, 49: 719–24. Bibcode:2006PhyU...49..719B. doi:10.1070/PU2006v049n07ABEH006013.
Jakubowski, N.; Moens, L.; Vanhaecke, F. Sector field mass spectrometers in ICP-MS. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 1998, 53 (13): 1739–63. Bibcode:1998AcSpe..53.1739J. doi:10.1016/S0584-8547(98)00222-5.
Müller, Erwin W.; Panitz, John A., McLane, S. Brooks. The Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1968, 39 (1): 83–86. Bibcode:1968RScI...39...83M. ISSN 0034-6748. doi:10.1063/1.1683116.
Copi, Craig J.; Schramm, David N.; Turner, Michael S. Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Baryon Density of the Universe (PDF). Science. 1995, 267: 192–99 [2008-01-13]. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..192C. PMID 7809624. arXiv:astro-ph/9407006 . doi:10.1126/science.7809624. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-02-27）.
Knauth, D. C.; Federman, S. R.; Lambert, David L.; Crane, P. Newly synthesized lithium in the interstellar medium. Nature. 2000, 405: 656–58. doi:10.1038/35015028.
Dalrymple, G. Brent. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001, 190: 205–21 [2008-01-14]. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. （原始内容存档于2007-11-11）.
Diamond, H.; et al. Heavy Isotope Abundances in Mike Thermonuclear Device (subscription required). Physical Review. 1960, 119: 2000–04 [2008-01-14]. Bibcode:1960PhRv..119.2000D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.119.2000. （原始内容存档于2011-11-12）.
Anderson, Don L. The inner inner core of Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002, 99 (22): 13966–68 [2008-01-16]. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913966A. PMID 12391308. doi:10.1073/pnas.232565899.
Hijmans, Tom W. Particle physics: Cold antihydrogen. Nature. 2002, 419: 439–40. doi:10.1038/419439a.
Indelicato, Paul. Exotic Atoms. Physica Scripta. 2004, T112: 20–26. Bibcode:2004PhST..112...20I. arXiv:physics/0409058 . doi:10.1238/Physica.Topical.112a00020.

don-lindsay-archive.org

Lindsay, Don. Radioactives Missing From The Earth. Don Lindsay Archive. 2000-07-30 [2007-05-23]. （原始内容存档于2007-04-28）.

etymonline.com

atom. Online Etymology Dictionary. [2015-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-20）.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Einstein, Albert. Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen (PDF). Annalen der Physik. 1905年5月, 322 (8): 549–560 [2007-02-04]. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..549E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220806. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-03-18）（德语）.
Park, Jiwoong; et al. Coulomb blockade and the Kondo effect in single-atom transistors. Nature. 2002, 417 (6890): 722–25 [2008-01-03]. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..722P. doi:10.1038/nature00791. （原始内容存档于2008-01-12）.
Domokos, P.; Janszky, J.; Adam, P. Single-atom interference method for generating Fock states. Physical Review a. 1994, 50: 3340–44 [2008-01-03]. Bibcode:1994PhRvA..50.3340D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3340. （原始内容存档于2018-10-05）.
Fewell, M. P. The atomic nuclide with the highest mean binding energy. American Journal of Physics. 1995, 63 (7): 653–58 [2007-02-01]. Bibcode:1995AmJPh..63..653F. doi:10.1119/1.17828. （原始内容存档于2011-03-22）.
Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallographica, Section a. 1976, 32: 751 [2007-01-03]. Bibcode:1976AcCrA..32..751S. doi:10.1107/S0567739476001551. （原始内容存档于2007-09-30）.
Brazhkin, Vadim V. Metastable phases, phase transformations, and phase diagrams in physics and chemistry. Physics-Uspekhi. 2006, 49: 719–24. Bibcode:2006PhyU...49..719B. doi:10.1070/PU2006v049n07ABEH006013.
Jakubowski, N.; Moens, L.; Vanhaecke, F. Sector field mass spectrometers in ICP-MS. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 1998, 53 (13): 1739–63. Bibcode:1998AcSpe..53.1739J. doi:10.1016/S0584-8547(98)00222-5.
Müller, Erwin W.; Panitz, John A., McLane, S. Brooks. The Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope. Review of Scientific Instruments. 1968, 39 (1): 83–86. Bibcode:1968RScI...39...83M. ISSN 0034-6748. doi:10.1063/1.1683116.
Copi, Craig J.; Schramm, David N.; Turner, Michael S. Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Baryon Density of the Universe (PDF). Science. 1995, 267: 192–99 [2008-01-13]. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..192C. PMID 7809624. arXiv:astro-ph/9407006 . doi:10.1126/science.7809624. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-02-27）.
F. Hoyle. The synthesis of the elements from hydrogen. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1946, 106: 343–83 [2008-01-13]. Bibcode:1946MNRAS.106..343H. （原始内容存档于2008-03-05）.
Dalrymple, G. Brent. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001, 190: 205–21 [2008-01-14]. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. （原始内容存档于2007-11-11）.
Diamond, H.; et al. Heavy Isotope Abundances in Mike Thermonuclear Device (subscription required). Physical Review. 1960, 119: 2000–04 [2008-01-14]. Bibcode:1960PhRv..119.2000D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.119.2000. （原始内容存档于2011-11-12）.
Anderson, Don L. The inner inner core of Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002, 99 (22): 13966–68 [2008-01-16]. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913966A. PMID 12391308. doi:10.1073/pnas.232565899.
Indelicato, Paul. Exotic Atoms. Physica Scripta. 2004, T112: 20–26. Bibcode:2004PhST..112...20I. arXiv:physics/0409058 . doi:10.1238/Physica.Topical.112a00020.

adsabs.harvard.edu

Park, Jiwoong; et al. Coulomb blockade and the Kondo effect in single-atom transistors. Nature. 2002, 417 (6890): 722–25 [2008-01-03]. Bibcode:2002Natur.417..722P. doi:10.1038/nature00791. （原始内容存档于2008-01-12）.
Domokos, P.; Janszky, J.; Adam, P. Single-atom interference method for generating Fock states. Physical Review a. 1994, 50: 3340–44 [2008-01-03]. Bibcode:1994PhRvA..50.3340D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.50.3340. （原始内容存档于2018-10-05）.
Fewell, M. P. The atomic nuclide with the highest mean binding energy. American Journal of Physics. 1995, 63 (7): 653–58 [2007-02-01]. Bibcode:1995AmJPh..63..653F. doi:10.1119/1.17828. （原始内容存档于2011-03-22）.
F. Hoyle. The synthesis of the elements from hydrogen. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1946, 106: 343–83 [2008-01-13]. Bibcode:1946MNRAS.106..343H. （原始内容存档于2008-03-05）.

news.harvard.edu

Cromie, William J. A lifetime of trillionths of a second: Scientists explore antimatter. Harvard University Gazette. 2001-08-16 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-03）.

haydenplanetarium.org

Abbott, Brian. Microwave (WMAP) All-Sky Survey. Hayden Planetarium. 2007-05-30 [2008-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-13）.

hypertextbook.com

Dong, Judy. Diameter of an Atom. The Physics Factbook. 1998 [2007-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-04）.

ic.ac.uk

doc.ic.ac.uk

Lee, Y. K.; Hoon, Kelvin. Brownian Motion. Imperial College, London. 1995 [2007-12-18]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-18）.

ieer.org

Makhijani, Arjun; Saleska, Scott. Basics of Nuclear Physics and Fission. Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. 2001-03-02 [2007-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2007-01-16）.

iucr.org

journals.iucr.org

Shannon, R. D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallographica, Section a. 1976, 32: 751 [2007-01-03]. Bibcode:1976AcCrA..32..751S. doi:10.1107/S0567739476001551. （原始内容存档于2007-09-30）.

jlab.org

education.jlab.org

Weisenberger, Drew. How many atoms are there in the world?. Jefferson Lab. [2008-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-22）.

ku.edu

kgs.ku.edu

Kansas Geological Survey. Age of the Earth. University of Kansas. 2005-05-04 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-05）.

lanl.gov

periodic.lanl.gov

Husted, Robert; et al. Periodic Table of the Elements. Los Alamos National Laboratory. 2003-12-11 [2008-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-10）.

lbl.gov

Staff. ABC's of Nuclear Science. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 2007-03-30 [2007-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2006-12-05）.
Matis, Howard S. The Isotopes of Hydrogen. Guide to the Nuclear Wall Chart. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. 2000-08-09 [2007-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-18）.
Yarris, Lynn. Talking Pictures. Berkeley Lab Research Review. 1997 [2008-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-13）.

isotopes.lbl.gov

Firestone, Richard B. Radioactive Decay Modes. Berkeley Laboratory. 2000-05-22 [2007-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-29）.

enews.lbl.gov

Yarris, Lynn. New Superheavy Elements 118 and 116 Discovered at Berkeley Lab. Berkeley Lab. 2001-07-27 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-09）.

lemoyne.edu

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Lavoisier's Elements of Chemistry. Elements and Atoms. Le Moyne College, Department of Chemistry. [2007-12-18]. （原始内容存档于2007-05-01）.
Thomson, Joseph John. Rays of positive electricity. Proceedings of the Royal Society. 1913, A 89: 1–20 [2007-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-08）.

lyellcollection.org

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Dalrymple, G. Brent. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001, 190: 205–21 [2008-01-14]. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. （原始内容存档于2007-11-11）.

madsci.org

Champion, Matthew. Re: How many atoms make up the universe?. MadSci Network（英语：MadSci Network）. 1998-09-11 [2024-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2000-06-20）（英语）.

mantleplumes.org

Anderson, Don L.; Foulger, G. R.; Meibom, Anders. Helium: Fundamental models. MantlePlumes.org. 2006-09-02 [2007-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-08）.

mathpages.com

Brown, Kevin. The Hydrogen Atom. MathPages. 2007 [2007-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-13）.

msu.edu

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Reusch, William. Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry. Michigan State University. 2007-07-16 [2008-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-29）.

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存档副本. [2023-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-04）.

nasa.gov

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Stern, David P. The Atomic Nucleus and Bohr's Early Model of the Atom. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. 2005-05-16 [2007-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-08-20）.

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

Lochner, Jim; Gibb, Meredith; Newman, Phil. What Do Spectra Tell Us?. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. 2007-04-30 [2008-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-16）.

map.gsfc.nasa.gov

Hinshaw, Gary. Tests of the Big Bang: The Light Elements. NASA/WMAP. 2005-12-15 [2008-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-17）.

newscientist.com

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Croswell, Ken. Boron, bumps and the Big Bang: Was matter spread evenly when the Universe began? Perhaps not; the clues lie in the creation of the lighter elements such as boron and beryllium. New Scientist. 1991, (1794): 42 [2008-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-02-07）.

media.newscientist.com

Barrett, Roger; Jackson, Daphne; Mweene, Habatwa. The Strange World of the Exotic Atom. New Scientist. 1990, (1728): 77–115 [2008-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-21）.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Copi, Craig J.; Schramm, David N.; Turner, Michael S. Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Baryon Density of the Universe (PDF). Science. 1995, 267: 192–99 [2008-01-13]. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..192C. PMID 7809624. arXiv:astro-ph/9407006 . doi:10.1126/science.7809624. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-02-27）.
Anderson, Don L. The inner inner core of Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002, 99 (22): 13966–68 [2008-01-16]. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913966A. PMID 12391308. doi:10.1073/pnas.232565899.

pubmedcentral.nih.gov

Anderson, Don L. The inner inner core of Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002, 99 (22): 13966–68 [2008-01-16]. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913966A. PMID 12391308. doi:10.1073/pnas.232565899.

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時時. 「這應該是不可能的」科學家發現不含暗物質的神秘星系. 地球圖輯隊. 2018-04-02 [2022-05-18] （中文（繁體））. 銀河系的暗物質比肉眼看得到的普通物質（ordinary matter）在整體的質量上多了 30倍。