地球 (Chinese Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "地球" in Chinese language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank Chinese rank

149web.archive.org

1^st place

64doi.org

2^nd place

23^rd place

54harvard.edu

18^th place

57^th place

31webcitation.org

24^th place

29^th place

27archive.org

6^th place

4^th place

27nih.gov

4^th place

5^th place

18nasa.gov

75^th place

140^th place

15books.google.com

3^rd place

8^th place

8worldcat.org

5^th place

12^th place

7noaa.gov

212^th place

251^st place

5wikipedia.org

low place

4un.org

97^th place

122^nd place

4usgs.gov

167^th place

205^th place

3obspm.fr

6,718^th place

6,066^th place

3bbc.co.uk

8^th place

32^nd place

3nytimes.com

7^th place

31^st place

3arxiv.org

69^th place

254^th place

3navy.mil

237^th place

329^th place

3hawaii.edu

1,308^th place

1,770^th place

3nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

408^th place

2agu.org

6,456^th place

6,917^th place

2physicalgeography.net

low place

2cia.gov

89^th place

93^rd place

2nist.gov

355^th place

411^th place

2asu.edu

2,187^th place

1,849^th place

2sciencedirect.com

149^th place

292^nd place

2excite.com

low place

6,262^nd place

2pnas.org

1,293^rd place

763^rd place

2worldometers.info

2,099^th place

2,188^th place

2usra.edu

2,838^th place

3,025^th place

2nature.com

234^th place

227^th place

2space.com

936^th place

1,099^th place

2worldbank.org

231^st place

288^th place

2britannica.com

40^th place

100^th place

2sciencemag.org

857^th place

506^th place

2universetoday.com

3,691^st place

4,223^rd place

2google.com.hk

3,651^st place

135^th place

2tufts.edu

155^th place

474^th place

1stratcom.mil

low place

1landcover.org

low place

1ucsusa.org

low place

1nga.mil

2,028^th place

3,342^nd place

1iers.org

low place

1online.no

low place

1behance.net

low place

1lyellcollection.org

6,584^th place

8,979^th place

1talkorigins.org

9,502^nd place

low place

1liebertpub.com

low place

6,142^nd place

1royalsocietypublishing.org

1,993^rd place

1,521^st place

1nsf.gov

3,828^th place

3,368^th place

1china.com

3,388^th place

139^th place

1huayuqiao.org

low place

2,816^th place

1ecnu.edu.cn

low place

3,840^th place

1discovery.com

1,299^th place

1,412^th place

1cma.gov.cn

low place

1,795^th place

1physorg.com

6,156^th place

2,342^nd place

1lakepowell.net

low place

1montana.edu

7,206^th place

low place

1brembs.net

low place

1geoscienceworld.org

3,158^th place

2,582^nd place

1caltech.edu

887^th place

966^th place

1hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net

5,053^rd place

3,888^th place

1newscientist.com

774^th place

706^th place

1tum.de

7,448^th place

low place

1profsurv.com

low place

1abc.net.au

139^th place

367^th place

1npr.org

92^nd place

352^nd place

1colostate.edu

3,616^th place

3,796^th place

1berkeley.edu

580^th place

642^nd place

1esrf.eu

low place

1ucl.ac.uk

1,306^th place

1,261^st place

1umich.edu

459^th place

752^nd place

1wiley.com

222^nd place

216^th place

1lanl.gov

3,495^th place

3,171^st place

1cseligman.com

low place

1tamu.edu

1,672^nd place

2,197^th place

1oregonstate.edu

2,041^st place

1,694^th place

1csupomona.edu

low place

1cdlib.org

2,268^th place

2,705^th place

1oceanpowermagazine.net

low place

1worldatlas.com

1,573^rd place

1,788^th place

1jamstec.go.jp

low place

1tos.org

low place

1astrobio.net

low place

6,248^th place

1csulb.edu

low place

9,950^th place

1kepu.net.cn

low place

1,919^th place

1ucsb.edu

1,115^th place

1,300^th place

1uwyo.edu

low place

1ucsd.edu

1,933^rd place

1,288^th place

1pik-potsdam.de

low place

1uiuc.edu

3,087^th place

2,031^st place

1mmu.ac.uk

9,529^th place

low place

1spaceweather.com

low place

1livescience.com

1,190^th place

1,227^th place

1colorado.edu

2,526^th place

2,449^th place

1guinnessworldrecords.com

550^th place

751^st place

1theguardian.com

12^th place

60^th place

1scienceweek.com

low place

1fai.org

4,927^th place

6,678^th place

1ohio-state.edu

5,528^th place

4,862^nd place

1utexas.edu

916^th place

1,065^th place

1esa.int

1,482^nd place

1,517^th place

1usatoday.com

41^st place

182^nd place

1iac.es

low place

1nwtresearch.com

low place

1sym454.org

low place

1nrao.edu

low place

8,789^th place

1rand.org

2,921^st place

3,782^nd place

1cedd.gov.hk

low place

2,820^th place

1archive.today

14^th place

18^th place

1prezi.com

7,490^th place

low place

1reference.com

657^th place

871^st place

1ybzhan.cn

low place

1yahoo.com

38^th place

9^th place

1prb.org

6,600^th place

8,357^th place

1hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net

low place

1cbd.int

6,554^th place

7,221^st place

1tscm.com

low place

1sciencenet.cn

low place

485^th place

1astronautix.com

2,056^th place

2,398^th place

1planetary.org

5,100^th place

3,955^th place

1skepticfiles.org

low place

1birtwhistle.org

low place

1tellusa.net

low place

1asa3.org

low place

1nineplanets.org

low place

1texasexes.org

low place

abc.net.au

Tall Tales about Highest Peaks. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. [2008-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-10）.

agu.org

Cazenave, Anny. Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms (PDF). Ahrens, Thomas J (编). Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. 1995 [2008-08-03]. ISBN 0-87590-851-9. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-10-16）.
Tanimoto, Toshiro. Crustal Structure of the Earth (PDF). Thomas J. Ahrens (编). Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. 1995 [2007-02-03]. ISBN 0-87590-851-9. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-10-16）.

archive.org

這些圖例的來源使用「UT1的秒」而非「平均太陽時間的秒」。—Aoki, S.; Kinoshita, H.; Guinot, B.; Kaplan, G. H.; McCarthy, D. D.; Seidelmann, P. K. The new definition of universal time. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1982, 105 (2): 359–61. Bibcode:1982A&A...105..359A.
Various. David R. Lide , 编. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st. CRC. 2000. ISBN 0-8493-0481-4.
Dalrymple, G.B. The Age of the Earth. California: Stanford University Press. 1991. ISBN 0-8047-1569-6.
Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard & Hamelin, Bruno. Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1980, 47 (3): 370–382. Bibcode:1980E&PSL..47..370M. ISSN 0012-821X. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2.
Morbidelli, A.; et al. Source regions and time scales for the delivery of water to Earth. Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 2000, 35 (6): 1309–20. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x.
Rogers, John James William; Santosh, M. Continents and Supercontinents. Oxford University Press US. 2004: 48. ISBN 0-19-516589-6.
Armstrong, R. L. The persistent myth of crustal growth. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 1991, 38 (5): 613–30. Bibcode:1991AuJES..38..613A. doi:10.1080/08120099108727995.
Gradstein, Felix; et al. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2004: 412. ISBN 978-0-521-78673-7.
Kirschvink, J. L. Schopf, J.W.; Klein, C. and Des Maris, D , 编. Late Proterozoic low-latitude global glaciation: the Snowball Earth. The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study. Cambridge University Press. 1992: 51–52. ISBN 0-521-36615-1.
Ward, Peter D.; Brownlee, Donald. The Life and Death of Planet Earth: How the New Science of Astrobiology Charts the Ultimate Fate of Our World. New York: Times Books, Henry Holt and Company. 2002. ISBN 0-8050-6781-7.
Robert E. Krebs. The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2006: 227. ISBN 9780313334382.
Turcotte, D. L.; Schubert, G. 4. Geodynamics 2. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2002: 137. ISBN 978-0-521-66624-4.
Turcotte, D. L.; Schubert, G. 4. Geodynamics 2. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2002: 136–37. ISBN 978-0-521-66624-4.
Prothero, Donald R.; Schwab, Fred. Sedimentary geology : an introduction to sedimentary rocks and stratigraphy 2nd. New York: Freeman. 2004: 12. ISBN 978-0-7167-3905-0.
Kennish, Michael J. Practical handbook of marine science. Marine science series 3rd. CRC Press. 2001: 35. ISBN 0-8493-2391-6.
Lyons, Walter A. The Handy Weather Answer Book 2nd. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink Press. 1997. ISBN 0-7876-1034-8.
Lang, Kenneth R. The Cambridge guide to the solar system. Cambridge University Press. 2003: 92. ISBN 0-521-81306-9.
McCarthy, Dennis D.; Hackman, Christine; Nelson, Robert A. The Physical Basis of the Leap Second. The Astronomical Journal. November 2008, 136 (5): 1906–08. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1906M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/1906.
Seidelmann, P. Kenneth. Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. 1992: 48. ISBN 0-935702-68-7.
Zeilik, M.; Gregory, S. A. Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics 4th. Saunders College Publishing. 1998: 56. ISBN 0-03-006228-4.
Hillebrand, Helmut. On the Generality of the Latitudinal Gradient. American Naturalist. 2004, 163 (2): 192–211. PMID 14970922. doi:10.1086/381004.
Stookey, Lorena Laura. Thematic Guide to World Mythology. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2004: 114–115. ISBN 978-0-313-31505-3.
Lovelock, James. The Vanishing Face of Gaia. Basic Books. 2009: 255. ISBN 978-0-465-01549-8.
Godwin, William. Lives of the Necromancers: 49. 1876.
Monroe, James; Wicander, Reed; Hazlett, Richard. Physical Geology: Exploring the Earth. Thomson Brooks/Cole. 2007: 263–265. ISBN 978-0-495-01148-4.
Henshaw, John M. An Equation for Every Occasion: Fifty-Two Formulas and Why They Matter. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2014: 117–118. ISBN 978-1-421-41491-1.
Burchfield, Joe D. Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth. University of Chicago Press. 1990: 13–18. ISBN 978-0-226-08043-7.

archive.today

板塊運動 – 強大的力量. 土木工程拓展署香港地質調查組. [2016-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-14）.

arxiv.org

Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert. Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 386 (1): 155–163. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. arXiv:0801.4031 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x.
See also Palmer, Jason. Hope dims that Earth will survive Sun's death. NewScientist.com news service. 2008-02-22 [2008-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-15）.
Murray, N.; Holman, M. The role of chaotic resonances in the solar system. Nature. 2001, 410 (6830): 773–79. PMID 11298438. arXiv:astro-ph/0111602 . doi:10.1038/35071000.
Christou, Apostolos A.; Asher, David J. A long-lived horseshoe companion to the Earth. 2011-03-31. arXiv:1104.0036  [astro-ph.EP]. See table 2, p. 5.

asa3.org

Russell, Jeffrey B. The Myth of the Flat Earth. American Scientific Affiliation. [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）. ; but see also Cosmas Indicopleustes（英语：Cosmas Indicopleustes）

astrobio.net

Mullen, Leslie. Salt of the Early Earth. NASA Astrobiology Magazine. 2002-06-11 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-22）.

astronautix.com

Wade, Mark. Astronaut Statistics. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2008-06-30 [2008-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-30）.

asu.edu

wmo.asu.edu

World: Lowest Temperature. WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. [2010-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2010-06-16）.
World: Highest Temperature. WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. [2010-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-04）.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Kinver, Mark. Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010. BBC Online. 2009-12-10 [2010-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.
Carrington, Damian. Date set for desert Earth. BBC News. 2000-02-21 [2007-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-12）.
Whitehouse, David. Earth's little brother found. BBC News. 2002-10-21 [2007-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-03）.

behance.net

Behance. www.behance.net. [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-14）.

berkeley.edu

Sanders, Robert. Radioactive potassium may be major heat source in Earth's core. UC Berkeley News. 2003-12-10 [2007-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-08）.

birtwhistle.org

2006 RH120 ( = 6R10DB9) (A second moon for the Earth?). Great Shefford Observatory. Great Shefford Observatory. [2015-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-06）.

books.google.com

Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer. 2000: 294 [2011-03-13]. ISBN 0-387-98746-0.
Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. Allen's Astrophysical Quantities. Springer. 2000: 296 [2010-08-17]. ISBN 0-387-98746-0.
Arthur N. Cox (编). Allen's Astrophysical Quantities 4th. New York: AIP Press. 2000: 244 [2010-08-17]. ISBN 0-387-98746-0.
Hamilton Raven, Peter; Brooks Johnson, George. Biology. McGraw-Hill Education. 2002: 68 [2013-07-07]. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
Kunin, W.E.; Gaston, Kevin (编). The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences. 1996-12-31 [2015-05-26]. ISBN 978-0412633805. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
Stearns, Beverly Peterson; Stearns, S. C.; Stearns, Stephen C. Watching, from the Edge of Extinction. 耶魯大學出版社. 2000-08-01: 1921 [2014-12-27]. ISBN 978-0-300-08469-6. （原始内容存档于2015-03-18）.
Miller, G.; Spoolman, Scott. Biodiversity and Evolution. Environmental Science. Cengage Learning. 2012-01-01: 62 [2014-12-27]. ISBN 1-133-70787-4. （原始内容存档于2019-05-02）.
外交评论. 外交学院学报编辑部. 2005-03-01 （中文）.
Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics: An Introductory Text. Academic Press. 1975年: 第 1 页. ISBN 9780080954554.
Turner, B. L., II. The Earth As Transformed by Human Action: Global And Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Past 300 Years. CUP Archive. 1990: 164 [2016-08-12]. ISBN 0521363578. （原始内容存档于2015-03-18）.
Pacudan, Roland. Ordo Ab Chao. Xlibris Corporation. 2009-11-23. ISBN 9781462818785 （英语）.
Walsh, Patrick J. Sharon L. Smith, Lora E. Fleming , 编. Oceans and human health: risks and remedies from the seas. Academic Press, 2008. 1997-05-16: 212 [2016-08-12]. ISBN 0-12-372584-4. （原始内容存档于2016-05-02）.
20世纪中国学术大典: 地理学. 福建教育出版社. 2002-01-01: 第243页. ISBN 9787533430221 （中文）.
Solar System. PediaPress. : 147 （英语）.
Earth Science. PediaPress. : 34 （英语）.

brembs.net

Gould, Stephan J. The Evolution of Life on Earth. Scientific American. October 1994, 271 (4): 84–91 [2016-08-20]. PMID 7939569. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1094-84. （原始内容存档于2007-02-25）.

britannica.com

sphere depth of the ocean – hydrology. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2015-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-29）.
Ionosphere and magnetosphere. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2012 [2016-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-03）.

caltech.edu

gps.caltech.edu

Li, King-Fai; Pahlevan, Kaveh; Kirschvink, Joseph L.; Yung, Yuk L. Atmospheric pressure as a natural climate regulator for a terrestrial planet with a biosphere (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009, 106 (24): 9576–79 [2009-07-19]. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9576L. PMC 2701016 . PMID 19487662. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809436106. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-07-04）.

cbd.int

Staff. Themes & Issues. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-10）.

cdlib.org

repositories.cdlib.org

Sverdrup, H. U.; Fleming, Richard H. The oceans, their physics, chemistry, and general biology. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives. 1942-01-01 [2008-06-13]. ISBN 0-13-630350-1. （原始内容存档于2009-10-16）.

cedd.gov.hk

hkss.cedd.gov.hk

板塊運動 – 強大的力量. 土木工程拓展署香港地質調查組. [2016-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-14）.

china.com

military.china.com

黄河清. 利玛窦对汉语的贡献(5). 中华网. 2005-05-26 [2016-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-25）（中文（中国大陆））.

cia.gov

Staff. World. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008-07-24 [2008-08-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-06）.
CIA – The World Factbook. Cia.gov. [2012-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-05）.

cma.gov.cn

孙树远汪勤模. 大气的起源. 中国气象报. 1989 [2016-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.

colorado.edu

lasp.colorado.edu

Goody, Richard M.; Walker, James C.G. Atmospheric Temperatures (PDF). Atmospheres. Prentice-Hall. 1972 [2016-08-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-07-29）.

colostate.edu

billiards.colostate.edu

Is a Pool Ball Smoother than the Earth? (PDF). Billiards Digest. 2013-06-01 [2014-11-26]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-09-04）.

cseligman.com

Seligman, Courtney. The Structure of the Terrestrial Planets. Online Astronomy eText Table of Contents. cseligman.com. 2008 [2008-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-22）.

csulb.edu

seis.natsci.csulb.edu

Morris, Ron M. Oceanic Processes. NASA Astrobiology Magazine. [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2009-04-15）.

csupomona.edu

geology.csupomona.edu

Jessey, David. Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks. Cal Poly Pomona. [2007-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-21）.

discovery.com

news.discovery.com

Reilly, Michael. Controversial Moon Origin Theory Rewrites History. 2009-10-22 [2010-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-09）.

doi.org

包括正從非洲板塊中分離，形成中的索馬利亞板塊。參見：Chorowicz, Jean. The East African rift system. Journal of African Earth Sciences. October 2005, 43 (1–3): 379–410. Bibcode:2005JAfES..43..379C. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.019.
Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; et al. The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. August 2011, 110 (4): 293–304. Bibcode:2011CeMDA.110..293L. doi:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4.
Dalrymple, G. Brent. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001, 190 (1): 205–21 [2007-09-20]. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. （原始内容存档于2007-11-11）.
Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard & Hamelin, Bruno. Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1980, 47 (3): 370–382. Bibcode:1980E&PSL..47..370M. ISSN 0012-821X. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2.
Cavosie, A. J.; J. W. Valley; S.A.Wilde; E.I.M.F. Magmatic δ¹⁸O in 4400–3900 Ma detrital zircons: A record of the alteration and recycling of crust in the Early Archean [碎屑狀的鋯石：太古時代地球地殼的轉變與再循環]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters（英语：Earth and Planetary Science Letters）. 2005-07-15, 235 (3–4): 663–681 [2016-11-21]. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.028. （原始内容存档于2009-08-17）（英语）.
Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard & Hamelin, Bruno. Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters（英语：Earth and Planetary Science Letters）. 1980, 47 (3): 370–82. Bibcode:1980E&PSL..47..370M. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2.
Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Czaja, Andrew D.; Tripathi, Abhishek B. Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils. Precambrian Research (Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier). 2007-10-05, 158 (3–4): 141–155. ISSN 0301-9268. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009.
Schopf, J. William. Fossil evidence of Archaean life. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (London: 皇家学会). 2006-06-29, 361 (1470): 869–885. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 1578735 . PMID 16754604. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 2013-11-08, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2013-11-15]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; et al. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2015-10-19, 112: 14518–21 [2015-10-20]. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214518B. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 4664351 . PMID 26483481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-06）. Early edition, published online before print.
Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J.; Ferry, P.A. Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land (PDF). Biology Letters. 2010-01-27, 6 (4): 544–47. PMC 2936204 . PMID 20106856. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024. ^{[失效連結]}
May, Robert M. How many species are there on earth?. Science. 1988, 241 (4872): 1441–1449. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. PMID 17790039. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441.
Mora, C.; Tittensor, D.P.; Adl, S.; Simpson, A.G.; Worm, B. How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?. PLOS Biology. 2011-08-23, 9: e1001127 [2015-05-26]. PMC 3160336 . PMID 21886479. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127. （原始内容存档于2015-06-07）.
Weiss, Madeline C.; Sousa, Filipa L.; Mrnjavac, Natalia; Neukirchen, Sinje; Roettger, Mayo; Nelson-Sathi, Shijulal; Martin, William F. The physiology and habitat of the last universal common ancestor. Nature Microbiology. 2016-09, 1 (9): 16116. doi:10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.116.
Bowring, S.; Housh, T. The Earth's early evolution. Science. 1995, 269 (5230): 1535–40. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1535B. PMID 7667634. doi:10.1126/science.7667634.
Yin, Qingzhu; Jacobsen, S. B.; Yamashita, K.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Télouk, P.; Albarède, F. A short timescale for terrestrial planet formation from Hf-W chronometry of meteorites. Nature. 2002, 418 (6901): 949–52. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..949Y. PMID 12198540. doi:10.1038/nature00995.
Kleine, Thorsten; Palme, Herbert; Mezger, Klaus; Halliday, Alex N. Hf-W Chronometry of Lunar Metals and the Age and Early Differentiation of the Moon. Science. 2005-11-24, 310 (5754): 1671–74. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1671K. PMID 16308422. doi:10.1126/science.1118842.
Morbidelli, A.; et al. Source regions and time scales for the delivery of water to Earth. Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 2000, 35 (6): 1309–20. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x.
Hurley, P. M.; Rand, J. R. Pre-drift continental nuclei. Science. Jun 1969, 164 (3885): 1229–42. Bibcode:1969Sci...164.1229H. PMID 17772560. doi:10.1126/science.164.3885.1229.
Armstrong, R. L. A model for the evolution of strontium and lead isotopes in a dynamic earth. Reviews of Geophysics. 1968, 6 (2): 175–99. Bibcode:1968RvGSP...6..175A. doi:10.1029/RG006i002p00175.
De Smet, J.; Van Den Berg, A.P.; Vlaar, N.J. Early formation and long-term stability of continents resulting from decompression melting in a convecting mantle. Tectonophysics. 2000, 322 (1–2): 19–33. Bibcode:2000Tectp.322...19D. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00055-X.
Harrison, T.; et al. Heterogeneous Hadean hafnium: evidence of continental crust at 4.4 to 4.5 ga. Science. December 2005, 310 (5756): 1947–50. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1947H. PMID 16293721. doi:10.1126/science.1117926.
Hong, D.; Zhang, Jisheng; Wang, Tao; Wang, Shiguang; Xie, Xilin. Continental crustal growth and the supercontinental cycle: evidence from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2004, 23 (5): 799–813. Bibcode:2004JAESc..23..799H. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00134-2.
Armstrong, R. L. The persistent myth of crustal growth. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 1991, 38 (5): 613–30. Bibcode:1991AuJES..38..613A. doi:10.1080/08120099108727995.
Murphy, J. B.; Nance, R. D. How do supercontinents assemble?. American Scientist. 1965, 92 (4): 324–33. doi:10.1511/2004.4.324.
Doolittle, W. Ford; Worm, Boris. Uprooting the tree of life (PDF). Scientific American. February 2000, 282 (6): 90–95 [2016-08-12]. PMID 10710791. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-01-31）.
Berkner, L. V.; Marshall, L. C. On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. 1965, 22 (3): 225–61. Bibcode:1965JAtS...22..225B. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2.
Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; et al. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience (London: 自然出版集团). January 2014, 7 (1): 25–28 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. ISSN 1752-0894. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
Raup, D. M.; Sepkoski Jr, J. J. Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science. 1982, 215 (4539): 1501–03. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. PMID 17788674. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501.
Gould, Stephan J. The Evolution of Life on Earth. Scientific American. October 1994, 271 (4): 84–91 [2016-08-20]. PMID 7939569. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1094-84. （原始内容存档于2007-02-25）.
Wilkinson, B. H.; McElroy, B. J. The impact of humans on continental erosion and sedimentation. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 2007, 119 (1–2): 140–56 [2007-04-22]. Bibcode:2007GSAB..119..140W. doi:10.1130/B25899.1. （原始内容存档于2010-11-26）.
Li, King-Fai; Pahlevan, Kaveh; Kirschvink, Joseph L.; Yung, Yuk L. Atmospheric pressure as a natural climate regulator for a terrestrial planet with a biosphere (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009, 106 (24): 9576–79 [2009-07-19]. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9576L. PMC 2701016 . PMID 19487662. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809436106. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-07-04）.
Sackmann, I.-J.; Boothroyd, A. I.; Kraemer, K. E. Our Sun. III. Present and Future. Astrophysical Journal. 1993, 418: 457–68. Bibcode:1993ApJ...418..457S. doi:10.1086/173407.
Kasting, J.F. Runaway and Moist Greenhouse Atmospheres and the Evolution of Earth and Venus. Icarus. 1988, 74 (3): 472–94. Bibcode:1988Icar...74..472K. PMID 11538226. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9.
Bounama, Christine; Franck, S.; Von Bloh, W. The fate of Earth's ocean (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Germany: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research). 2001, 5 (4): 569–75 [2009-07-03]. Bibcode:2001HESS....5..569B. doi:10.5194/hess-5-569-2001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-27）.
Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert. Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 386 (1): 155–163. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. arXiv:0801.4031 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x.
See also Palmer, Jason. Hope dims that Earth will survive Sun's death. NewScientist.com news service. 2008-02-22 [2008-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-15）.
Sharp, David. Chimborazo and the old kilogram. The Lancet. 2005-03-05, 365 (9462): 831–32. PMID 15752514. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71021-7.
Morgan, J. W.; Anders, E. Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1980, 77 (12): 6973–77. Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.6973M. PMC 350422 . PMID 16592930. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.6973.
Kerr, Richard A. Earth's Inner Core Is Running a Tad Faster Than the Rest of the Planet. Science. 2005-09-26, 309 (5739): 1313. PMID 16123276. doi:10.1126/science.309.5739.1313a.
E. R. Engdahl; E. A. Flynn & R. P. Massé. Differential PkiKP travel times and the radius of the core. Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 1974, 40 (3): 457–463. Bibcode:1974GeoJI..39..457E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1974.tb05467.x.
Jordan, T. H. Structural geology of the Earth's interior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1979, 76 (9): 4192–4200. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.4192J. PMC 411539 . PMID 16592703. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4192.
Alfè, D.; Gillan, M. J.; Vocadlo, L.; Brodholt, J.; Price, G. D. The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2002, 360 (1795): 1227–44 [2007-02-28]. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-09-30）.
Vlaar, N; Vankeken, P.; Vandenberg, A. Cooling of the Earth in the Archaean: Consequences of pressure-release melting in a hotter mantle (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1994, 121 (1–2): 1–18 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:1994E&PSL.121....1V. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90028-0. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-19）.
Pollack, Henry N.; Hurter, Suzanne J.; Johnson, Jeffrey R. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics. August 1993, 31 (3): 267–80 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:1993RvGeo..31..267P. doi:10.1029/93RG01249. （原始内容存档于2014-01-09）.
Richards, M. A.; Duncan, R. A.; Courtillot, V. E. Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails. Science. 1989, 246 (4926): 103–07. Bibcode:1989Sci...246..103R. PMID 17837768. doi:10.1126/science.246.4926.103.
Sclater, John G; Parsons, Barry; Jaupart, Claude. Oceans and Continents: Similarities and Differences in the Mechanisms of Heat Loss. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1981, 86 (B12): 11535. Bibcode:1981JGR....8611535S. doi:10.1029/JB086iB12p11535.
Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 1999, 134 (1): 3–16. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465.
Charette, Matthew A.; Smith, Walter H. F. The Volume of Earth's Ocean (PDF). Oceanography. June 2010, 23 (2): 112–14 [2013-06-06]. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.51. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-08-02）.
Liu, S. C.; Donahue, T. M. The Aeronomy of Hydrogen in the Atmosphere of the Earth. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. 1974, 31 (4): 1118–36. Bibcode:1974JAtS...31.1118L. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1118:TAOHIT>2.0.CO;2.
Catling, David C.; Zahnle, Kevin J.; McKay, Christopher P. Biogenic Methane, Hydrogen Escape, and the Irreversible Oxidation of Early Earth. Science. 2001, 293 (5531): 839–43 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2001Sci...293..839C. PMID 11486082. doi:10.1126/science.1061976. （原始内容存档于2008-10-15）.
Hunten, D. M.; Donahue, T. M. Hydrogen loss from the terrestrial planets. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 1976, 4 (1): 265–92. Bibcode:1976AREPS...4..265H. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.04.050176.001405.
McCarthy, Dennis D.; Hackman, Christine; Nelson, Robert A. The Physical Basis of the Leap Second. The Astronomical Journal. November 2008, 136 (5): 1906–08. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1906M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/1906.
Hillebrand, Helmut. On the Generality of the Latitudinal Gradient. American Naturalist. 2004, 163 (2): 192–211. PMID 14970922. doi:10.1086/381004.
Lambin, Eric F.; Meyfroidt, Patrick. Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (National Academy of Sciences). 2011-03-01, 108 (9): 3465–72 [2014-08-30]. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.3465L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1100480108. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-09-03）. See Table 1.
Ramdohr, Paul. The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. AKADEMIE-VERLAG GmbH (Elsevier Ltd.). 1969 [2016-04-29]. ISBN 978-0-08-011635-8. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-011635-8.50004-8. （原始内容存档于2017-07-06）.
Rona, Peter A. Resources of the Sea Floor. Science. 2003, 299 (5607): 673–74 [2007-02-04]. PMID 12560541. doi:10.1126/science.1080679. （原始内容存档于2007-06-25）.
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 2007, 4 (2): 439–73 [2007-03-31]. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007. （原始内容存档于2007-12-21）.
Morais, M.H.M.; Morbidelli, A. The Population of Near-Earth Asteroids in Coorbital Motion with the Earth. Icarus. 2002, 160: 1–9 [2010年3月17日]. Bibcode:2002Icar..160....1M. doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6937. （原始内容存档于2019年5月5日）.
Laskar, J.; et al. A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2004, 428 (1): 261–85. Bibcode:2004A&A...428..261L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041335.
Murray, N.; Holman, M. The role of chaotic resonances in the solar system. Nature. 2001, 410 (6830): 773–79. PMID 11298438. arXiv:astro-ph/0111602 . doi:10.1038/35071000.
Canup, R.; Asphaug, E. Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation. Nature. 2001, 412 (6848): 708–12. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..708C. PMID 11507633. doi:10.1038/35089010.
Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian. Earth's Trojan asteroid. Nature. 2011-07-27, 475 (7357): 481–83 [2011-07-27]. Bibcode:2011Natur.475..481C. PMID 21796207. doi:10.1038/nature10233. （原始内容存档于2011-07-28）.
Lovelock, J.E. Gaia as seen through the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment (Elsevier). 1972, 6 (8): 579–580. Bibcode:1972AtmEn...6..579L. ISSN 1352-2310. doi:10.1016/0004-6981(72)90076-5.
Lovelock, J.E.; Margulis, L. Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: the Gaia hypothesis. Tellus. Series A (Stockholm: International Meteorological Institute). 1974, 26 (1–2): 2–10 [2012-10-20]. Bibcode:1974Tell...26....2L. ISSN 1600-0870. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01946.x. （原始内容存档于2013-04-05）.

ecnu.edu.cn

xbzs.ecnu.edu.cn

邬国义. 《申报》初创:《地球说》的作者究竟是谁?. 华东师范大学学报. 2012, 44 (1): 53–60.

esa.int

sci.esa.int

Cluster reveals the reformation of the Earth's bow shock. European Space Agency. 2011-05-11 [2016-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-28）.

esrf.eu

The Earth's Centre is 1000 Degrees Hotter than Previously Thought. The European Synchrotron (ESRF). 2013-04-25 [2015-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-12）.

excite.com

apnews.excite.com

Borenstein, Seth. Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom. Associated Press. 2013-11-13 [2013-11-15]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-29）.
Borenstein, Seth. Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth. Excite (Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network). 美联社. 2015-10-19 [2015-10-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-23）.

fai.org

de Córdoba, S. Sanz Fernández. Presentation of the Karman separation line, used as the boundary separating Aeronautics and Astronautics. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. 2004-06-21 [2007-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-17）.

geoscienceworld.org

bulletin.geoscienceworld.org

Wilkinson, B. H.; McElroy, B. J. The impact of humans on continental erosion and sedimentation. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 2007, 119 (1–2): 140–56 [2007-04-22]. Bibcode:2007GSAB..119..140W. doi:10.1130/B25899.1. （原始内容存档于2010-11-26）.

google.com.hk

books.google.com.hk

中外史地知识手册. 2013年: 第384–386页 [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-06）.
Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment System：第 1 卷. 2004年: 第5页 [2016-08-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）.

guinnessworldrecords.com

Highest recorded temperature. Guinness World Records. [2015-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-13）.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

包括正從非洲板塊中分離，形成中的索馬利亞板塊。參見：Chorowicz, Jean. The East African rift system. Journal of African Earth Sciences. October 2005, 43 (1–3): 379–410. Bibcode:2005JAfES..43..379C. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.019.
這些圖例的來源使用「UT1的秒」而非「平均太陽時間的秒」。—Aoki, S.; Kinoshita, H.; Guinot, B.; Kaplan, G. H.; McCarthy, D. D.; Seidelmann, P. K. The new definition of universal time. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1982, 105 (2): 359–61. Bibcode:1982A&A...105..359A.
Simon, J.L.; Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets. Astronomy and Astrophysics. February 1994, 282 (2): 663–683. Bibcode:1994A&A...282..663S.
Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; et al. The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. August 2011, 110 (4): 293–304. Bibcode:2011CeMDA.110..293L. doi:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4.
Dalrymple, G. Brent. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001, 190 (1): 205–21 [2007-09-20]. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. （原始内容存档于2007-11-11）.
Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard & Hamelin, Bruno. Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1980, 47 (3): 370–382. Bibcode:1980E&PSL..47..370M. ISSN 0012-821X. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2.
Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard & Hamelin, Bruno. Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters（英语：Earth and Planetary Science Letters）. 1980, 47 (3): 370–82. Bibcode:1980E&PSL..47..370M. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 2013-11-08, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2013-11-15]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; et al. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2015-10-19, 112: 14518–21 [2015-10-20]. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214518B. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 4664351 . PMID 26483481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-06）. Early edition, published online before print.
May, Robert M. How many species are there on earth?. Science. 1988, 241 (4872): 1441–1449. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. PMID 17790039. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441.
Bowring, S.; Housh, T. The Earth's early evolution. Science. 1995, 269 (5230): 1535–40. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1535B. PMID 7667634. doi:10.1126/science.7667634.
Yin, Qingzhu; Jacobsen, S. B.; Yamashita, K.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Télouk, P.; Albarède, F. A short timescale for terrestrial planet formation from Hf-W chronometry of meteorites. Nature. 2002, 418 (6901): 949–52. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..949Y. PMID 12198540. doi:10.1038/nature00995.
Kleine, Thorsten; Palme, Herbert; Mezger, Klaus; Halliday, Alex N. Hf-W Chronometry of Lunar Metals and the Age and Early Differentiation of the Moon. Science. 2005-11-24, 310 (5754): 1671–74. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1671K. PMID 16308422. doi:10.1126/science.1118842.
Canup, R. M.; Asphaug, E. An impact origin of the Earth-Moon system. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2001. Abstract #U51A-02. 2001. Bibcode:2001AGUFM.U51A..02C.
Morbidelli, A.; et al. Source regions and time scales for the delivery of water to Earth. Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 2000, 35 (6): 1309–20. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x.
Guinan, E. F.; Ribas, I. Benjamin Montesinos, Alvaro Gimenez and Edward F. Guinan , 编. Our Changing Sun: The Role of Solar Nuclear Evolution and Magnetic Activity on Earth's Atmosphere and Climate. ASP Conference Proceedings: The Evolving Sun and its Influence on Planetary Environments (San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific). Bibcode:2002ASPC..269...85G. ISBN 1-58381-109-5.
Hurley, P. M.; Rand, J. R. Pre-drift continental nuclei. Science. Jun 1969, 164 (3885): 1229–42. Bibcode:1969Sci...164.1229H. PMID 17772560. doi:10.1126/science.164.3885.1229.
Armstrong, R. L. A model for the evolution of strontium and lead isotopes in a dynamic earth. Reviews of Geophysics. 1968, 6 (2): 175–99. Bibcode:1968RvGSP...6..175A. doi:10.1029/RG006i002p00175.
De Smet, J.; Van Den Berg, A.P.; Vlaar, N.J. Early formation and long-term stability of continents resulting from decompression melting in a convecting mantle. Tectonophysics. 2000, 322 (1–2): 19–33. Bibcode:2000Tectp.322...19D. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00055-X.
Harrison, T.; et al. Heterogeneous Hadean hafnium: evidence of continental crust at 4.4 to 4.5 ga. Science. December 2005, 310 (5756): 1947–50. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1947H. PMID 16293721. doi:10.1126/science.1117926.
Hong, D.; Zhang, Jisheng; Wang, Tao; Wang, Shiguang; Xie, Xilin. Continental crustal growth and the supercontinental cycle: evidence from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2004, 23 (5): 799–813. Bibcode:2004JAESc..23..799H. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00134-2.
Armstrong, R. L. The persistent myth of crustal growth. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 1991, 38 (5): 613–30. Bibcode:1991AuJES..38..613A. doi:10.1080/08120099108727995.
Berkner, L. V.; Marshall, L. C. On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. 1965, 22 (3): 225–61. Bibcode:1965JAtS...22..225B. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2.
Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; et al. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience (London: 自然出版集团). January 2014, 7 (1): 25–28 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. ISSN 1752-0894. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
Raup, D. M.; Sepkoski Jr, J. J. Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science. 1982, 215 (4539): 1501–03. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. PMID 17788674. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501.
Wilkinson, B. H.; McElroy, B. J. The impact of humans on continental erosion and sedimentation. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 2007, 119 (1–2): 140–56 [2007-04-22]. Bibcode:2007GSAB..119..140W. doi:10.1130/B25899.1. （原始内容存档于2010-11-26）.
Li, King-Fai; Pahlevan, Kaveh; Kirschvink, Joseph L.; Yung, Yuk L. Atmospheric pressure as a natural climate regulator for a terrestrial planet with a biosphere (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009, 106 (24): 9576–79 [2009-07-19]. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9576L. PMC 2701016 . PMID 19487662. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809436106. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-07-04）.
Sackmann, I.-J.; Boothroyd, A. I.; Kraemer, K. E. Our Sun. III. Present and Future. Astrophysical Journal. 1993, 418: 457–68. Bibcode:1993ApJ...418..457S. doi:10.1086/173407.
Kasting, J.F. Runaway and Moist Greenhouse Atmospheres and the Evolution of Earth and Venus. Icarus. 1988, 74 (3): 472–94. Bibcode:1988Icar...74..472K. PMID 11538226. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9.
Bounama, Christine; Franck, S.; Von Bloh, W. The fate of Earth's ocean (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Germany: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research). 2001, 5 (4): 569–75 [2009-07-03]. Bibcode:2001HESS....5..569B. doi:10.5194/hess-5-569-2001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-27）.
Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert. Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 386 (1): 155–163. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. arXiv:0801.4031 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x.
See also Palmer, Jason. Hope dims that Earth will survive Sun's death. NewScientist.com news service. 2008-02-22 [2008-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-15）.
Morgan, J. W.; Anders, E. Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1980, 77 (12): 6973–77. Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.6973M. PMC 350422 . PMID 16592930. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.6973.
E. R. Engdahl; E. A. Flynn & R. P. Massé. Differential PkiKP travel times and the radius of the core. Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 1974, 40 (3): 457–463. Bibcode:1974GeoJI..39..457E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1974.tb05467.x.
Jordan, T. H. Structural geology of the Earth's interior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1979, 76 (9): 4192–4200. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.4192J. PMC 411539 . PMID 16592703. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4192.
Alfè, D.; Gillan, M. J.; Vocadlo, L.; Brodholt, J.; Price, G. D. The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2002, 360 (1795): 1227–44 [2007-02-28]. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-09-30）.
Vlaar, N; Vankeken, P.; Vandenberg, A. Cooling of the Earth in the Archaean: Consequences of pressure-release melting in a hotter mantle (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1994, 121 (1–2): 1–18 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:1994E&PSL.121....1V. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90028-0. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-19）.
Pollack, Henry N.; Hurter, Suzanne J.; Johnson, Jeffrey R. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics. August 1993, 31 (3): 267–80 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:1993RvGeo..31..267P. doi:10.1029/93RG01249. （原始内容存档于2014-01-09）.
Richards, M. A.; Duncan, R. A.; Courtillot, V. E. Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails. Science. 1989, 246 (4926): 103–07. Bibcode:1989Sci...246..103R. PMID 17837768. doi:10.1126/science.246.4926.103.
Sclater, John G; Parsons, Barry; Jaupart, Claude. Oceans and Continents: Similarities and Differences in the Mechanisms of Heat Loss. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1981, 86 (B12): 11535. Bibcode:1981JGR....8611535S. doi:10.1029/JB086iB12p11535.
Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 1999, 134 (1): 3–16. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465.
Liu, S. C.; Donahue, T. M. The Aeronomy of Hydrogen in the Atmosphere of the Earth. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. 1974, 31 (4): 1118–36. Bibcode:1974JAtS...31.1118L. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1118:TAOHIT>2.0.CO;2.
Catling, David C.; Zahnle, Kevin J.; McKay, Christopher P. Biogenic Methane, Hydrogen Escape, and the Irreversible Oxidation of Early Earth. Science. 2001, 293 (5531): 839–43 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2001Sci...293..839C. PMID 11486082. doi:10.1126/science.1061976. （原始内容存档于2008-10-15）.
Hunten, D. M.; Donahue, T. M. Hydrogen loss from the terrestrial planets. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 1976, 4 (1): 265–92. Bibcode:1976AREPS...4..265H. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.04.050176.001405.
McCarthy, Dennis D.; Hackman, Christine; Nelson, Robert A. The Physical Basis of the Leap Second. The Astronomical Journal. November 2008, 136 (5): 1906–08. Bibcode:2008AJ....136.1906M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/5/1906.
Chebotarev, G. A. On the Dynamical Limits of the Solar System. Soviet Astronomy. March 1965, 8: 787 [2016-08-17]. Bibcode:1965SvA.....8..787C. （原始内容存档于2018-10-05）.
Lambin, Eric F.; Meyfroidt, Patrick. Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (National Academy of Sciences). 2011-03-01, 108 (9): 3465–72 [2014-08-30]. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.3465L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1100480108. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-09-03）. See Table 1.
Morais, M.H.M.; Morbidelli, A. The Population of Near-Earth Asteroids in Coorbital Motion with the Earth. Icarus. 2002, 160: 1–9 [2010年3月17日]. Bibcode:2002Icar..160....1M. doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6937. （原始内容存档于2019年5月5日）.
Laskar, J.; et al. A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2004, 428 (1): 261–85. Bibcode:2004A&A...428..261L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041335.
Canup, R.; Asphaug, E. Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation. Nature. 2001, 412 (6848): 708–12. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..708C. PMID 11507633. doi:10.1038/35089010.
Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian. Earth's Trojan asteroid. Nature. 2011-07-27, 475 (7357): 481–83 [2011-07-27]. Bibcode:2011Natur.475..481C. PMID 21796207. doi:10.1038/nature10233. （原始内容存档于2011-07-28）.
Lovelock, J.E. Gaia as seen through the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment (Elsevier). 1972, 6 (8): 579–580. Bibcode:1972AtmEn...6..579L. ISSN 1352-2310. doi:10.1016/0004-6981(72)90076-5.
Lovelock, J.E.; Margulis, L. Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: the Gaia hypothesis. Tellus. Series A (Stockholm: International Meteorological Institute). 1974, 26 (1–2): 2–10 [2012-10-20]. Bibcode:1974Tell...26....2L. ISSN 1600-0870. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01946.x. （原始内容存档于2013-04-05）.

adsabs.harvard.edu

Chebotarev, G. A. On the Dynamical Limits of the Solar System. Soviet Astronomy. March 1965, 8: 787 [2016-08-17]. Bibcode:1965SvA.....8..787C. （原始内容存档于2018-10-05）.
Morais, M.H.M.; Morbidelli, A. The Population of Near-Earth Asteroids in Coorbital Motion with the Earth. Icarus. 2002, 160: 1–9 [2010年3月17日]. Bibcode:2002Icar..160....1M. doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6937. （原始内容存档于2019年5月5日）.

hawaii.edu

soest.hawaii.edu

Duennebier, Fred. Pacific Plate Motion. University of Hawaii. 1999-08-12 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.

www2.keck.hawaii.edu

B.A. ARCHINAL; et al. Report of the IAU Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2009 (PDF). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. [2016-08-20]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-17）.

ifa.hawaii.edu

Lin, Haosheng. Animation of precession of moon orbit. Survey of Astronomy AST110-6. University of Hawaii at Manoa. 2006 [2010-09-10]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-31）.

huayuqiao.org

黄河清. “天球”、“地球”、“月球”、“星球”考源. 華語橋. [2016-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）（中文（中国大陆））.

hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net

Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 2007, 4 (2): 439–73 [2007-03-31]. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007. （原始内容存档于2007-12-21）.

hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net

Bounama, Christine; Franck, S.; Von Bloh, W. The fate of Earth's ocean (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Germany: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research). 2001, 5 (4): 569–75 [2009-07-03]. Bibcode:2001HESS....5..569B. doi:10.5194/hess-5-569-2001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-27）.

iac.es

Vázquez, M.; Rodríguez, P. Montañés; Palle, E. The Earth as an Object of Astrophysical Interest in the Search for Extrasolar Planets (PDF). Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. 2006 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-22）.

iers.org

International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Working Group. General Definitions and Numerical Standards (PDF). McCarthy, Dennis D.; Petit, Gérard (编). IERS Conventions (2003) (PDF). IERS Technical Note No. 32 (Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie). 2004: 12 [2016-04-29]. ISBN 3-89888-884-3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-08-12）.

jamstec.go.jp

7,000 m Class Remotely Operated Vehicle KAIKO 7000. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). [2008-06-07]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-10）.

kepu.net.cn

洋流与气候. 中国科普博览. 中国科学院. [2016-08-25]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-13）.

lakepowell.net

Staff. Paleoclimatology – The Study of Ancient Climates. Page Paleontology Science Center. [2007-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-04）.

landcover.org

因為自然的變動，模糊了周圍的冰架和繪製地圖的高程基準，使得精確的陸地和海洋覆蓋值變得沒有意義。基於來自向量地圖（英语：Vector map）和全球土地覆蓋物（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）的數據，極端的湖泊和溪流覆蓋著地球表面的0.6%和1.0%。支撐南極和格陵蘭冰架的陸地有許多位於海平面之下，但也算成是陸地。

lanl.gov

Brown, W. K.; Wohletz, K. H. SFT and the Earth's Tectonic Plates. Los Alamos National Laboratory. 2005 [2007-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-02）.

liebertpub.com

online.liebertpub.com

Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 2013-11-08, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2013-11-15]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.

livescience.com

Why U.S. East Coast is colder than Europe's West Coast. Live Science. 2011-04-05 [2015-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-08）.

lyellcollection.org

sp.lyellcollection.org

Dalrymple, G. Brent. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001, 190 (1): 205–21 [2007-09-20]. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. （原始内容存档于2007-11-11）.

mmu.ac.uk

ace.mmu.ac.uk

Staff. Climate Zones. UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. [2007-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2010-08-08）.

montana.edu

shiva.msu.montana.edu

Doolittle, W. Ford; Worm, Boris. Uprooting the tree of life (PDF). Scientific American. February 2000, 282 (6): 90–95 [2016-08-12]. PMID 10710791. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-01-31）.

nasa.gov

Burton, Kathleen. Astrobiologists Find Evidence of Early Life on Land. NASA. 2002-11-29 [2007-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.
Staff. Earth's Atmosphere. NASA. 2003-10-08 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-25）.
Moran, Joseph M. Weather. World Book Online Reference Center. NASA/World Book, Inc. 2005 [2007-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-10）.
Reference Guide to the International Space Station. NASA. 2007-01-16 [2008-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-19）.
Greicius, Tony. Small Asteroid Is Earth's Constant Companion. NASA. 2016-06-15 [2016-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-19）.

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

Williams, David R. Earth Fact Sheet. NASA. 2004-09-01 [2010-08-09]. （原始内容存档于2010-10-30）.
Williams, David R. Planetary Fact Sheets. NASA. 2006-02-10 [2008-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-25）. —See the apparent diameters on the Sun and Moon pages.
Williams, David R. Moon Fact Sheet. NASA. 2004-09-01 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-23）.

plasmasphere.nasa.gov

Gallagher, Dennis. The Earth’s Plasmasphere. Nasa Space Plasma Physics. 2015-08-14 [2016-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-28）.
Gallagher, Dennis. How the Plasmasphere is Formed. Nasa Space Plasma Physics. 2015-05-27 [2016-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-15）.

sideshow.jpl.nasa.gov

Staff. GPS Time Series. NASA JPL. [2007-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

Scott, Michon. Earth's Big heat Bucket. NASA Earth Observatory. 2006-04-24 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-16）.

science.hq.nasa.gov

Sample, Sharron. Sea Surface Temperature. NASA. 2005-06-21 [2007-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-08）.

www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov

Stern, David P. Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere. NASA. 2005-07-08 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-26）.

imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov

Astrophysicist team. Earth's location in the Milky Way. NASA. 2005-12-01 [2008-06-11]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-01）.

astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov

Staff. Astrobiology Roadmap. NASA, Lockheed Martin. September 2003 [2007-03-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-11）.

history.nasa.gov

Apollo 13 The Seventh Mission: The Third Lunar Landing Attempt 11 April–17 April 1970. NASA. [2015-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-02）.

sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov

Espenak, F.; Meeus, J. Secular acceleration of the Moon. NASA. 2007-02-07 [2007-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.

nationalgeographic.com

travel.nationalgeographic.com

Continents: What is a Continent?. 国家地理. [2016-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-29）. "Most people recognize seven continents—Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia, from largest to smallest—although sometimes Europe and Asia are considered a single continent, Eurasia."

education.nationalgeographic.com

hemisphere. National Geographic. [2015-06-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-20）.

nationalgeographic.com

World at the Xpeditions Atlas, National Geographic Society, Washington D.C., 2006.

nature.com

Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; et al. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience (London: 自然出版集团). January 2014, 7 (1): 25–28 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. ISSN 1752-0894. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian. Earth's Trojan asteroid. Nature. 2011-07-27, 475 (7357): 481–83 [2011-07-27]. Bibcode:2011Natur.475..481C. PMID 21796207. doi:10.1038/nature10233. （原始内容存档于2011-07-28）.

navy.mil

asa.usno.navy.mil

Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011. The Astronomical Almanac. [2011-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-26）.

tycho.usno.navy.mil

Leap seconds. Time Service Department, USNO. [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-27）.

maia.usno.navy.mil

Rapid Service/Prediction of Earth Orientation. IERS Bulletin-A. 2015-04-09, 28 (15) [2015-04-12]. （原始内容 (.DAT文件，在浏览器中显示为纯文本)存档于2015-03-14）.

newscientist.com

Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert. Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 386 (1): 155–163. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. arXiv:0801.4031 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x.
See also Palmer, Jason. Hope dims that Earth will survive Sun's death. NewScientist.com news service. 2008-02-22 [2008-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-15）.

nga.mil

earth-info.nga.mil

World Geodetic System (WGS-84). Available online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） from National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schopf, J. William. Fossil evidence of Archaean life. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (London: 皇家学会). 2006-06-29, 361 (1470): 869–885. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 1578735 . PMID 16754604. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 2013-11-08, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2013-11-15]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; et al. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2015-10-19, 112: 14518–21 [2015-10-20]. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214518B. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 4664351 . PMID 26483481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-06）. Early edition, published online before print.
Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J.; Ferry, P.A. Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land (PDF). Biology Letters. 2010-01-27, 6 (4): 544–47. PMC 2936204 . PMID 20106856. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024. ^{[失效連結]}
May, Robert M. How many species are there on earth?. Science. 1988, 241 (4872): 1441–1449. Bibcode:1988Sci...241.1441M. PMID 17790039. doi:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441.
Mora, C.; Tittensor, D.P.; Adl, S.; Simpson, A.G.; Worm, B. How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?. PLOS Biology. 2011-08-23, 9: e1001127 [2015-05-26]. PMC 3160336 . PMID 21886479. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127. （原始内容存档于2015-06-07）.
Bowring, S.; Housh, T. The Earth's early evolution. Science. 1995, 269 (5230): 1535–40. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1535B. PMID 7667634. doi:10.1126/science.7667634.
Yin, Qingzhu; Jacobsen, S. B.; Yamashita, K.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Télouk, P.; Albarède, F. A short timescale for terrestrial planet formation from Hf-W chronometry of meteorites. Nature. 2002, 418 (6901): 949–52. Bibcode:2002Natur.418..949Y. PMID 12198540. doi:10.1038/nature00995.
Kleine, Thorsten; Palme, Herbert; Mezger, Klaus; Halliday, Alex N. Hf-W Chronometry of Lunar Metals and the Age and Early Differentiation of the Moon. Science. 2005-11-24, 310 (5754): 1671–74. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1671K. PMID 16308422. doi:10.1126/science.1118842.
Hurley, P. M.; Rand, J. R. Pre-drift continental nuclei. Science. Jun 1969, 164 (3885): 1229–42. Bibcode:1969Sci...164.1229H. PMID 17772560. doi:10.1126/science.164.3885.1229.
Harrison, T.; et al. Heterogeneous Hadean hafnium: evidence of continental crust at 4.4 to 4.5 ga. Science. December 2005, 310 (5756): 1947–50. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1947H. PMID 16293721. doi:10.1126/science.1117926.
Doolittle, W. Ford; Worm, Boris. Uprooting the tree of life (PDF). Scientific American. February 2000, 282 (6): 90–95 [2016-08-12]. PMID 10710791. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-01-31）.
Raup, D. M.; Sepkoski Jr, J. J. Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science. 1982, 215 (4539): 1501–03. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. PMID 17788674. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501.
Gould, Stephan J. The Evolution of Life on Earth. Scientific American. October 1994, 271 (4): 84–91 [2016-08-20]. PMID 7939569. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1094-84. （原始内容存档于2007-02-25）.
Li, King-Fai; Pahlevan, Kaveh; Kirschvink, Joseph L.; Yung, Yuk L. Atmospheric pressure as a natural climate regulator for a terrestrial planet with a biosphere (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009, 106 (24): 9576–79 [2009-07-19]. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9576L. PMC 2701016 . PMID 19487662. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809436106. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-07-04）.
Kasting, J.F. Runaway and Moist Greenhouse Atmospheres and the Evolution of Earth and Venus. Icarus. 1988, 74 (3): 472–94. Bibcode:1988Icar...74..472K. PMID 11538226. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9.
Sharp, David. Chimborazo and the old kilogram. The Lancet. 2005-03-05, 365 (9462): 831–32. PMID 15752514. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71021-7.
Morgan, J. W.; Anders, E. Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1980, 77 (12): 6973–77. Bibcode:1980PNAS...77.6973M. PMC 350422 . PMID 16592930. doi:10.1073/pnas.77.12.6973.
Kerr, Richard A. Earth's Inner Core Is Running a Tad Faster Than the Rest of the Planet. Science. 2005-09-26, 309 (5739): 1313. PMID 16123276. doi:10.1126/science.309.5739.1313a.
Jordan, T. H. Structural geology of the Earth's interior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1979, 76 (9): 4192–4200. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.4192J. PMC 411539 . PMID 16592703. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4192.
Richards, M. A.; Duncan, R. A.; Courtillot, V. E. Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails. Science. 1989, 246 (4926): 103–07. Bibcode:1989Sci...246..103R. PMID 17837768. doi:10.1126/science.246.4926.103.
Catling, David C.; Zahnle, Kevin J.; McKay, Christopher P. Biogenic Methane, Hydrogen Escape, and the Irreversible Oxidation of Early Earth. Science. 2001, 293 (5531): 839–43 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2001Sci...293..839C. PMID 11486082. doi:10.1126/science.1061976. （原始内容存档于2008-10-15）.
Hillebrand, Helmut. On the Generality of the Latitudinal Gradient. American Naturalist. 2004, 163 (2): 192–211. PMID 14970922. doi:10.1086/381004.
Rona, Peter A. Resources of the Sea Floor. Science. 2003, 299 (5607): 673–74 [2007-02-04]. PMID 12560541. doi:10.1126/science.1080679. （原始内容存档于2007-06-25）.
Murray, N.; Holman, M. The role of chaotic resonances in the solar system. Nature. 2001, 410 (6830): 773–79. PMID 11298438. arXiv:astro-ph/0111602 . doi:10.1038/35071000.
Canup, R.; Asphaug, E. Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation. Nature. 2001, 412 (6848): 708–12. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..708C. PMID 11507633. doi:10.1038/35089010.
Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian. Earth's Trojan asteroid. Nature. 2011-07-27, 475 (7357): 481–83 [2011-07-27]. Bibcode:2011Natur.475..481C. PMID 21796207. doi:10.1038/nature10233. （原始内容存档于2011-07-28）.

nineplanets.org

Arnett, Bill. Earth. The Nine Planets, A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System: one star, eight planets, and more. 2006-07-16 [2010-03-09]. （原始内容存档于2000-08-23）.

nist.gov

physics.nist.gov

The international system of units (SI) (PDF) 2008. United States Department of Commerce, NIST Special Publication 330. : 52 [2016-08-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-12-25）.
Mohr, P. J.; Taylor, B. N. Unit of length (meter). NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST Physics Laboratory. October 2000 [2007-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-22）.

noaa.gov

ngdc.noaa.gov

Sandwell, D. T.; Smith, W. H. F. Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data. NOAA/NGDC. 2006-07-07 [2007-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-24）.
Mueller, R. D.; et al. Age of the Ocean Floor Poster. NOAA. 2007-03-07 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.

esrl.noaa.gov

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Earth System Research Laboratory. 2014-12-05 [2016-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）.

noaa.gov

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Ocean. NOAA.gov. [2013-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-24）.

ngs.noaa.gov

Milbert, D. G.; Smith, D. A. Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model. National Geodetic Survey, NOAA. [2007-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2007-06-04）.

ozonelayer.noaa.gov

Science: Ozone Basics. [2007-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-21）.

oceanservice.noaa.gov

What Causes Tides? - NOAA's National Ocean Service. [2016-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-20）.

npr.org

The 'Highest' Spot on Earth. Npr.org. 2007-04-07 [2012-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-10）.

nrao.edu

cv.nrao.edu

Fisher, Rick. Earth Rotation and Equatorial Coordinates. National Radio Astronomy Observatory. 1996-02-05 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.

nsf.gov

Staff. Researchers find that Earth may be home to 1 trillion species. 国家科学基金会. 2016-05-02 [2016-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-04）.

nwtresearch.com

Burn, Chris. The Polar Night (PDF). The Aurora Research Institute. [2015-09-28]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-30）.

nytimes.com

Novacek, Michael J. Prehistory's Brilliant Future. 纽约时报. 2014-11-08 [2014-12-25]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-05）.
Wade, Nicholas. Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things. 纽约时报. 2016-07-25 [2016-07-25]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-08）.
Zimmer, Carl. Earth’s Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted. New York Times. 2013-10-03 [2013-10-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-08）.

obspm.fr

hpiers.obspm.fr

Staff. Useful Constants. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. 2007-08-07 [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-03）.
Staff. IERS Excess of the duration of the day to 86400s ... since 1623. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-03）. —Graph at end.
Staff. IERS Variations in the duration of the day 1962–2005. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2007-08-13）.

oceanpowermagazine.net

"WHOI Calculates Volume and Depth of World’s Oceans" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Ocean Power Magazine. Retrieved February 28, 2012. 存档副本. [2011-05-18]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-18）.

ohio-state.edu

mansfield.ohio-state.edu

Abedon, Stephen T. History of Earth. Ohio State University. 1997-03-31 [2007-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-10）.

online.no

home.online.no

Humerfelt, Sigurd. How WGS 84 defines Earth. 2010-10-26 [2011-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-07）.

oregonstate.edu

volcano.oregonstate.edu

Staff. Layers of the Earth. Volcano World. [2007-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-19）.

physicalgeography.net

Pidwirny, Michael. Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1). University of British Columbia, Okanagan. 2006-02-02 [2007-11-26]. （原始内容存档于2006-12-09）.
Pidwirny, Michael. Fundamentals of Physical Geography 2nd. PhysicalGeography.net. 2006 [2007-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-03）.

physorg.com

Staff. Oldest measurement of Earth's magnetic field reveals battle between Sun and Earth for our atmosphere. Physorg.news. 2010-03-04 [2010-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-27）.

pik-potsdam.de

Rahmstorf, Stefan. The Thermohaline Ocean Circulation. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. 2003 [2007-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-22）.

planetary.org

Space Topics: Pluto and Charon. The Planetary Society. [2010-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-15）.

pnas.org

Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; et al. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2015-10-19, 112: 14518–21 [2015-10-20]. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214518B. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 4664351 . PMID 26483481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-06）. Early edition, published online before print.
Lambin, Eric F.; Meyfroidt, Patrick. Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (National Academy of Sciences). 2011-03-01, 108 (9): 3465–72 [2014-08-30]. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.3465L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1100480108. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-09-03）. See Table 1.

prb.org

Staff. Human Population: Fundamentals of Growth: Growth. Population Reference Bureau. 2007 [2007-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-10）.

prezi.com

Mary Elizabeth Joe. Earth. prezi.com. 2014-02-16 [2016-08-18]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-25）.

profsurv.com

archives.profsurv.com

Senne, Joseph H. Did Edmund Hillary Climb the Wrong Mountain. Professional Surveyor. 2000, 20 (5): 16–21 [2016-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-17）.

rand.org

Dole, Stephen H. Habitable Planets for Man 2nd. American Elsevier Publishing Co. 1970 [2007-03-11]. ISBN 0-444-00092-5. （原始内容存档于2010-01-03）.

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

Geography. The American Heritage Dictionary/ of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. [2006-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-09）.

royalsocietypublishing.org

rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org

Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J.; Ferry, P.A. Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land (PDF). Biology Letters. 2010-01-27, 6 (4): 544–47. PMC 2936204 . PMID 20106856. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024. ^{[失效連結]}

sciencedirect.com

Cavosie, A. J.; J. W. Valley; S.A.Wilde; E.I.M.F. Magmatic δ¹⁸O in 4400–3900 Ma detrital zircons: A record of the alteration and recycling of crust in the Early Archean [碎屑狀的鋯石：太古時代地球地殼的轉變與再循環]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters（英语：Earth and Planetary Science Letters）. 2005-07-15, 235 (3–4): 663–681 [2016-11-21]. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.028. （原始内容存档于2009-08-17）（英语）.
Ramdohr, Paul. The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. AKADEMIE-VERLAG GmbH (Elsevier Ltd.). 1969 [2016-04-29]. ISBN 978-0-08-011635-8. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-011635-8.50004-8. （原始内容存档于2017-07-06）.

sciencemag.org

Catling, David C.; Zahnle, Kevin J.; McKay, Christopher P. Biogenic Methane, Hydrogen Escape, and the Irreversible Oxidation of Early Earth. Science. 2001, 293 (5531): 839–43 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2001Sci...293..839C. PMID 11486082. doi:10.1126/science.1061976. （原始内容存档于2008-10-15）.
Rona, Peter A. Resources of the Sea Floor. Science. 2003, 299 (5607): 673–74 [2007-02-04]. PMID 12560541. doi:10.1126/science.1080679. （原始内容存档于2007-06-25）.

sciencenet.cn

news.sciencenet.cn

李盛明. 纪念人类抵达南极点100周年. 中国科学报社. 光明日报. 2011-12-03 [2016-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-20）.

scienceweek.com

Staff. Stratosphere and Weather; Discovery of the Stratosphere. Science Week. 2004 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-13）.

skepticfiles.org

Poropudas, Hannu K. J. Using Coral as a Clock. Skeptic Tank. 1991-12-16 [2007-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-14）.

space.com

Britt, Robert. Freeze, Fry or Dry: How Long Has the Earth Got?. 2000-02-25 [2016-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-05）.
Choi, Charles Q. First Asteroid Companion of Earth Discovered at Last. Space.com. 2011-07-27 [2011-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-15）.

spaceweather.com

Earth at Aphelion. Space Weather. July 2008 [2015-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-17）.

stratcom.mil

美國戰略司令部追蹤大約15,000個人造天體，其中大部分都是碎屑。參見：USSTRATCOM Space Control and Space Surveillance. 2014年1月 [2015-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-21）.

sym454.org

Bromberg, Irv. The Lengths of the Seasons (on Earth). University of Toronto. 2008-05-01 [2008-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-18）.

talkorigins.org

Stassen, Chris. The Age of the Earth. TalkOrigins Archive. 2005-09-10 [2008-12-30]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.

tamu.edu

www-odp.tamu.edu

Meschede, Martin; Barckhausen, Udo. Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Texas A&M University. 2000-11-20 [2007-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.

tellusa.net

Lovelock, J.E.; Margulis, L. Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: the Gaia hypothesis. Tellus. Series A (Stockholm: International Meteorological Institute). 1974, 26 (1–2): 2–10 [2012-10-20]. Bibcode:1974Tell...26....2L. ISSN 1600-0870. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01946.x. （原始内容存档于2013-04-05）.

texasexes.org

alcalde.texasexes.org

Cahalan, Rose. Neil deGrasse Tyson: Why Space Matters. The Alcalde. 2012-06-05 [2016-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-28）.

theguardian.com

Coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth in Antarctica. The Guardian. 2013-12-10 [2015-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-20）.

tos.org

Charette, Matthew A.; Smith, Walter H. F. The Volume of Earth's Ocean (PDF). Oceanography. June 2010, 23 (2): 112–14 [2013-06-06]. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.51. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-08-02）.

tscm.com

Staff. Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert. Information Management Group. 2006-08-15 [2007-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

γαῖα （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus

ase.tufts.edu

Third rock from the Sun – restless Earth. NASA's Cosmos. [2015-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-06）.

tum.de

iapg.bgu.tum.de

Earth2014 global topography (relief) model. Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie. [2016-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.

ucl.ac.uk

chianti.geol.ucl.ac.uk

Alfè, D.; Gillan, M. J.; Vocadlo, L.; Brodholt, J.; Price, G. D. The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2002, 360 (1795): 1227–44 [2007-02-28]. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-09-30）.

ucsb.edu

scienceline.ucsb.edu

How does the oceans current affect the climate of the east coast?. UCSB ScienceLine. University of California. 2015 [2016-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）.

ucsd.edu

earthguide.ucsd.edu

Berger, Wolfgang H. The Earth's Climate System. University of California, San Diego. 2002 [2007-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-10）.

ucsusa.org

UCS Satellite Database. Nuclear Weapons & Global Security. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2015-09-01 [2016-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-09）.

uiuc.edu

ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu

Various. The Hydrologic Cycle. University of Illinois. 1997-07-21 [2007-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.

umich.edu

geo.lsa.umich.edu

Vlaar, N; Vankeken, P.; Vandenberg, A. Cooling of the Earth in the Archaean: Consequences of pressure-release melting in a hotter mantle (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1994, 121 (1–2): 1–18 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:1994E&PSL.121....1V. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90028-0. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-19）.

un.org

Staff. Evidence is now 'unequivocal' that humans are causing global warming – UN report. United Nations. 2007-02-02 [2007-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-21）.
Staff. World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. United Nations. [2007-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2009-09-05）.
U.N. Charter Index. United Nations. [2008-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-20）.
Staff. International Law. United Nations. [2007-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-31）.

universetoday.com

Planet Earth - Universe Today. 2015-09-17 [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-20）（美国英语）.
What is Earth's Axial Tilt? - Universe Today. 2016-07-27 [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-23）（美国英语）.

usatoday.com

Williams, Jack. Earth's tilt creates seasons. USAToday. 2005-12-20 [2016-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-24）.

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

Newman, William L. Geologic Time: Age of the Earth. Publications Services, 美国地质调查局. 2007-07-09 [2007-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2005-12-23）.
Robertson, Eugene C. The Interior of the Earth. 美国地质调查局. 2001-07-26 [2007-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-15）.
Kious, W. J.; Tilling, R. I. Understanding plate motions. 美国地质调查局. 1999-05-05 [2007-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-09）.

water.usgs.gov

Perlman, Howard. The World's Water. USGS Water-Science School. 2014-03-17 [2015-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-22）.

usra.edu

lpi.usra.edu

Jones, J. H. Tests of the Giant Impact Hypothesis (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science. Origin of the Earth and Moon Conference. Monterey, California. 1998 [2016-08-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-06-11）.
Kring, David A. Terrestrial Impact Cratering and Its Environmental Effects. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. [2007-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-13）.

utexas.edu

farside.ph.utexas.edu

Fitzpatrick, Richard. MHD dynamo theory. NASA WMAP. 2006-02-16 [2007-02-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.

uwyo.edu

www-das.uwyo.edu

Geerts, B.; Linacre, E. The height of the tropopause. Resources in Atmospheric Sciences. University of Wyoming. November 1997 [2006-08-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.

web.archive.org

美國戰略司令部追蹤大約15,000個人造天體，其中大部分都是碎屑。參見：USSTRATCOM Space Control and Space Surveillance. 2014年1月 [2015-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-21）.
因為自然的變動，模糊了周圍的冰架和繪製地圖的高程基準，使得精確的陸地和海洋覆蓋值變得沒有意義。基於來自向量地圖（英语：Vector map）和全球土地覆蓋物（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）的數據，極端的湖泊和溪流覆蓋著地球表面的0.6%和1.0%。支撐南極和格陵蘭冰架的陸地有許多位於海平面之下，但也算成是陸地。
Williams, David R. Earth Fact Sheet. NASA. 2004-09-01 [2010-08-09]. （原始内容存档于2010-10-30）.
UCS Satellite Database. Nuclear Weapons & Global Security. Union of Concerned Scientists. 2015-09-01 [2016-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-09）.
Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011. The Astronomical Almanac. [2011-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-26）.
World Geodetic System (WGS-84). Available online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） from National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
Cazenave, Anny. Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms (PDF). Ahrens, Thomas J (编). Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. 1995 [2008-08-03]. ISBN 0-87590-851-9. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-10-16）.
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Working Group. General Definitions and Numerical Standards (PDF). McCarthy, Dennis D.; Petit, Gérard (编). IERS Conventions (2003) (PDF). IERS Technical Note No. 32 (Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie). 2004: 12 [2016-04-29]. ISBN 3-89888-884-3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-08-12）.
Humerfelt, Sigurd. How WGS 84 defines Earth. 2010-10-26 [2011-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-07）.
Pidwirny, Michael. Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1). University of British Columbia, Okanagan. 2006-02-02 [2007-11-26]. （原始内容存档于2006-12-09）.
Staff. World. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008-07-24 [2008-08-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-06）.
The international system of units (SI) (PDF) 2008. United States Department of Commerce, NIST Special Publication 330. : 52 [2016-08-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-12-25）.
World: Lowest Temperature. WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. [2010-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2010-06-16）.
Kinver, Mark. Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010. BBC Online. 2009-12-10 [2010-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.
World: Highest Temperature. WMO Weather and Climate Extremes Archive. Arizona State University. [2010-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-04）.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. Earth System Research Laboratory. 2014-12-05 [2016-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）.
Behance. www.behance.net. [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-14）.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Ocean. NOAA.gov. [2013-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-24）.
Newman, William L. Geologic Time: Age of the Earth. Publications Services, 美国地质调查局. 2007-07-09 [2007-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2005-12-23）.
Dalrymple, G. Brent. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001, 190 (1): 205–21 [2007-09-20]. Bibcode:2001GSLSP.190..205D. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14. （原始内容存档于2007-11-11）.
Cavosie, A. J.; J. W. Valley; S.A.Wilde; E.I.M.F. Magmatic δ¹⁸O in 4400–3900 Ma detrital zircons: A record of the alteration and recycling of crust in the Early Archean [碎屑狀的鋯石：太古時代地球地殼的轉變與再循環]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters（英语：Earth and Planetary Science Letters）. 2005-07-15, 235 (3–4): 663–681 [2016-11-21]. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.028. （原始内容存档于2009-08-17）（英语）.
Hamilton Raven, Peter; Brooks Johnson, George. Biology. McGraw-Hill Education. 2002: 68 [2013-07-07]. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0. （原始内容存档于2014-01-01）.
Borenstein, Seth. Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom. Associated Press. 2013-11-13 [2013-11-15]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-29）.
Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (journal). 2013-11-08, 13 (12): 1103–24 [2013-11-15]. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13.1103N. PMC 3870916 . PMID 24205812. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1030. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
Borenstein, Seth. Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth. Excite (Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network). 美联社. 2015-10-19 [2015-10-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-23）.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; et al. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2015-10-19, 112: 14518–21 [2015-10-20]. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214518B. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 4664351 . PMID 26483481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-06）. Early edition, published online before print.
Kunin, W.E.; Gaston, Kevin (编). The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences. 1996-12-31 [2015-05-26]. ISBN 978-0412633805. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
Stearns, Beverly Peterson; Stearns, S. C.; Stearns, Stephen C. Watching, from the Edge of Extinction. 耶魯大學出版社. 2000-08-01: 1921 [2014-12-27]. ISBN 978-0-300-08469-6. （原始内容存档于2015-03-18）.
Novacek, Michael J. Prehistory's Brilliant Future. 纽约时报. 2014-11-08 [2014-12-25]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-05）.
Miller, G.; Spoolman, Scott. Biodiversity and Evolution. Environmental Science. Cengage Learning. 2012-01-01: 62 [2014-12-27]. ISBN 1-133-70787-4. （原始内容存档于2019-05-02）.
Mora, C.; Tittensor, D.P.; Adl, S.; Simpson, A.G.; Worm, B. How many species are there on Earth and in the ocean?. PLOS Biology. 2011-08-23, 9: e1001127 [2015-05-26]. PMC 3160336 . PMID 21886479. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127. （原始内容存档于2015-06-07）.
Staff. Researchers find that Earth may be home to 1 trillion species. 国家科学基金会. 2016-05-02 [2016-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-04）.
Wade, Nicholas. Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things. 纽约时报. 2016-07-25 [2016-07-25]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-08）.
Worldometers. [2022-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-22）.
Current World Population. worldometers. n.d. [2017-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-16）.
γαῖα （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
黄河清. 利玛窦对汉语的贡献(5). 中华网. 2005-05-26 [2016-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-25）（中文（中国大陆））.
黄河清. “天球”、“地球”、“月球”、“星球”考源. 華語橋. [2016-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）（中文（中国大陆））.
Reilly, Michael. Controversial Moon Origin Theory Rewrites History. 2009-10-22 [2010-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-09）.
Jones, J. H. Tests of the Giant Impact Hypothesis (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science. Origin of the Earth and Moon Conference. Monterey, California. 1998 [2016-08-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-06-11）.
孙树远汪勤模. 大气的起源. 中国气象报. 1989 [2016-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.
Staff. Oldest measurement of Earth's magnetic field reveals battle between Sun and Earth for our atmosphere. Physorg.news. 2010-03-04 [2010-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-27）.
Staff. Paleoclimatology – The Study of Ancient Climates. Page Paleontology Science Center. [2007-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-04）.
Zimmer, Carl. Earth’s Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted. New York Times. 2013-10-03 [2013-10-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-08）.
Burton, Kathleen. Astrobiologists Find Evidence of Early Life on Land. NASA. 2002-11-29 [2007-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.
Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; et al. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience (London: 自然出版集团). January 2014, 7 (1): 25–28 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. ISSN 1752-0894. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
Gould, Stephan J. The Evolution of Life on Earth. Scientific American. October 1994, 271 (4): 84–91 [2016-08-20]. PMID 7939569. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1094-84. （原始内容存档于2007-02-25）.
Wilkinson, B. H.; McElroy, B. J. The impact of humans on continental erosion and sedimentation. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 2007, 119 (1–2): 140–56 [2007-04-22]. Bibcode:2007GSAB..119..140W. doi:10.1130/B25899.1. （原始内容存档于2010-11-26）.
Britt, Robert. Freeze, Fry or Dry: How Long Has the Earth Got?. 2000-02-25 [2016-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-05）.
Carrington, Damian. Date set for desert Earth. BBC News. 2000-02-21 [2007-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-12）.
Li, King-Fai; Pahlevan, Kaveh; Kirschvink, Joseph L.; Yung, Yuk L. Atmospheric pressure as a natural climate regulator for a terrestrial planet with a biosphere (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2009, 106 (24): 9576–79 [2009-07-19]. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9576L. PMC 2701016 . PMID 19487662. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809436106. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-07-04）.
Bounama, Christine; Franck, S.; Von Bloh, W. The fate of Earth's ocean (PDF). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (Germany: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research). 2001, 5 (4): 569–75 [2009-07-03]. Bibcode:2001HESS....5..569B. doi:10.5194/hess-5-569-2001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-27）.
Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert. Distant future of the Sun and Earth revisited. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 386 (1): 155–163. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.386..155S. arXiv:0801.4031 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13022.x.
See also Palmer, Jason. Hope dims that Earth will survive Sun's death. NewScientist.com news service. 2008-02-22 [2008-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-15）.
Earth2014 global topography (relief) model. Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie. [2016-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
Milbert, D. G.; Smith, D. A. Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model. National Geodetic Survey, NOAA. [2007-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2007-06-04）.
Sandwell, D. T.; Smith, W. H. F. Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data. NOAA/NGDC. 2006-07-07 [2007-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-24）.
Senne, Joseph H. Did Edmund Hillary Climb the Wrong Mountain. Professional Surveyor. 2000, 20 (5): 16–21 [2016-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-17）.
Mohr, P. J.; Taylor, B. N. Unit of length (meter). NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST Physics Laboratory. October 2000 [2007-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-05-22）.
Is a Pool Ball Smoother than the Earth? (PDF). Billiards Digest. 2013-06-01 [2014-11-26]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-09-04）.
Tanimoto, Toshiro. Crustal Structure of the Earth (PDF). Thomas J. Ahrens (编). Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. 1995 [2007-02-03]. ISBN 0-87590-851-9. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-10-16）.
Robertson, Eugene C. The Interior of the Earth. 美国地质调查局. 2001-07-26 [2007-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-15）.
Sanders, Robert. Radioactive potassium may be major heat source in Earth's core. UC Berkeley News. 2003-12-10 [2007-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-08）.
Alfè, D.; Gillan, M. J.; Vocadlo, L.; Brodholt, J.; Price, G. D. The ab initio simulation of the Earth's core (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2002, 360 (1795): 1227–44 [2007-02-28]. Bibcode:2002RSPTA.360.1227A. doi:10.1098/rsta.2002.0992. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-09-30）.
Vlaar, N; Vankeken, P.; Vandenberg, A. Cooling of the Earth in the Archaean: Consequences of pressure-release melting in a hotter mantle (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1994, 121 (1–2): 1–18 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:1994E&PSL.121....1V. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90028-0. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-03-19）.
Pollack, Henry N.; Hurter, Suzanne J.; Johnson, Jeffrey R. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics. August 1993, 31 (3): 267–80 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:1993RvGeo..31..267P. doi:10.1029/93RG01249. （原始内容存档于2014-01-09）.
Brown, W. K.; Wohletz, K. H. SFT and the Earth's Tectonic Plates. Los Alamos National Laboratory. 2005 [2007-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-02）.
Kious, W. J.; Tilling, R. I. Understanding plate motions. 美国地质调查局. 1999-05-05 [2007-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-09）.
Seligman, Courtney. The Structure of the Terrestrial Planets. Online Astronomy eText Table of Contents. cseligman.com. 2008 [2008-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-22）.
CIA – The World Factbook. Cia.gov. [2012-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-05）.
Kring, David A. Terrestrial Impact Cratering and Its Environmental Effects. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. [2007-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-13）.
World Bank arable land. worldbank.org. [2015-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-02）.
World Bank permanent cropland. worldbank.org. [2015-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-13）.
Sverdrup, H. U.; Fleming, Richard H. The oceans, their physics, chemistry, and general biology. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives. 1942-01-01 [2008-06-13]. ISBN 0-13-630350-1. （原始内容存档于2009-10-16）.
"WHOI Calculates Volume and Depth of World’s Oceans" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Ocean Power Magazine. Retrieved February 28, 2012. 存档副本. [2011-05-18]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-18）.
Continents: What is a Continent?. 国家地理. [2016-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-29）. "Most people recognize seven continents—Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia, from largest to smallest—although sometimes Europe and Asia are considered a single continent, Eurasia."
B.A. ARCHINAL; et al. Report of the IAU Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2009 (PDF). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. [2016-08-20]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-17）.
Hemisphere Map. WorldAtlas. [2014-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-22）.
hemisphere. National Geographic. [2015-06-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-20）.
7,000 m Class Remotely Operated Vehicle KAIKO 7000. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). [2008-06-07]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-10）.
sphere depth of the ocean – hydrology. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2015-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-29）.
Third rock from the Sun – restless Earth. NASA's Cosmos. [2015-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-06）.
Perlman, Howard. The World's Water. USGS Water-Science School. 2014-03-17 [2015-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-22）.
Morris, Ron M. Oceanic Processes. NASA Astrobiology Magazine. [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2009-04-15）.
Scott, Michon. Earth's Big heat Bucket. NASA Earth Observatory. 2006-04-24 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-16）.
Sample, Sharron. Sea Surface Temperature. NASA. 2005-06-21 [2007-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-04-08）.
洋流与气候. 中国科普博览. 中国科学院. [2016-08-25]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-13）.
How does the oceans current affect the climate of the east coast?. UCSB ScienceLine. University of California. 2015 [2016-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）.
Geerts, B.; Linacre, E. The height of the tropopause. Resources in Atmospheric Sciences. University of Wyoming. November 1997 [2006-08-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.
Pidwirny, Michael. Fundamentals of Physical Geography 2nd. PhysicalGeography.net. 2006 [2007-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-03）.
Rahmstorf, Stefan. The Thermohaline Ocean Circulation. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. 2003 [2007-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-22）.
Various. The Hydrologic Cycle. University of Illinois. 1997-07-21 [2007-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.
Staff. Climate Zones. UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. [2007-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2010-08-08）.
Earth at Aphelion. Space Weather. July 2008 [2015-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-17）.
Why U.S. East Coast is colder than Europe's West Coast. Live Science. 2011-04-05 [2015-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-08）.
Goody, Richard M.; Walker, James C.G. Atmospheric Temperatures (PDF). Atmospheres. Prentice-Hall. 1972 [2016-08-24]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-07-29）.
Highest recorded temperature. Guinness World Records. [2015-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-13）.
Coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth in Antarctica. The Guardian. 2013-12-10 [2015-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-20）.
Science: Ozone Basics. [2007-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-21）.
Staff. Stratosphere and Weather; Discovery of the Stratosphere. Science Week. 2004 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-13）.
Catling, David C.; Zahnle, Kevin J.; McKay, Christopher P. Biogenic Methane, Hydrogen Escape, and the Irreversible Oxidation of Early Earth. Science. 2001, 293 (5531): 839–43 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2001Sci...293..839C. PMID 11486082. doi:10.1126/science.1061976. （原始内容存档于2008-10-15）.
Fitzpatrick, Richard. MHD dynamo theory. NASA WMAP. 2006-02-16 [2007-02-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.
Ionosphere and magnetosphere. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2012 [2016-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-03）.
Gallagher, Dennis. The Earth’s Plasmasphere. Nasa Space Plasma Physics. 2015-08-14 [2016-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-28）.
Gallagher, Dennis. How the Plasmasphere is Formed. Nasa Space Plasma Physics. 2015-05-27 [2016-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-15）.
Stern, David P. Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere. NASA. 2005-07-08 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-26）.
Rapid Service/Prediction of Earth Orientation. IERS Bulletin-A. 2015-04-09, 28 (15) [2015-04-12]. （原始内容 (.DAT文件，在浏览器中显示为纯文本)存档于2015-03-14）.
Staff. IERS Excess of the duration of the day to 86400s ... since 1623. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-03）. —Graph at end.
Staff. IERS Variations in the duration of the day 1962–2005. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2007-08-13）.
Williams, David R. Planetary Fact Sheets. NASA. 2006-02-10 [2008-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2008-09-25）. —See the apparent diameters on the Sun and Moon pages.
Williams, Jack. Earth's tilt creates seasons. USAToday. 2005-12-20 [2016-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-24）.
Williams, David R. Moon Fact Sheet. NASA. 2004-09-01 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-23）.
Chebotarev, G. A. On the Dynamical Limits of the Solar System. Soviet Astronomy. March 1965, 8: 787 [2016-08-17]. Bibcode:1965SvA.....8..787C. （原始内容存档于2018-10-05）.
Astrophysicist team. Earth's location in the Milky Way. NASA. 2005-12-01 [2008-06-11]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-01）.
Planet Earth - Universe Today. 2015-09-17 [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-20）（美国英语）.
What is Earth's Axial Tilt? - Universe Today. 2016-07-27 [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-23）（美国英语）.
Burn, Chris. The Polar Night (PDF). The Aurora Research Institute. [2015-09-28]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-30）.
中外史地知识手册. 2013年: 第384–386页 [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-06）.
Bromberg, Irv. The Lengths of the Seasons (on Earth). University of Toronto. 2008-05-01 [2008-11-08]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-18）.
Lin, Haosheng. Animation of precession of moon orbit. Survey of Astronomy AST110-6. University of Hawaii at Manoa. 2006 [2010-09-10]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-31）.
Dole, Stephen H. Habitable Planets for Man 2nd. American Elsevier Publishing Co. 1970 [2007-03-11]. ISBN 0-444-00092-5. （原始内容存档于2010-01-03）.
Lambin, Eric F.; Meyfroidt, Patrick. Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (National Academy of Sciences). 2011-03-01, 108 (9): 3465–72 [2014-08-30]. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.3465L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1100480108. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-09-03）. See Table 1.
Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment System：第 1 卷. 2004年: 第5页 [2016-08-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）.
Ramdohr, Paul. The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. AKADEMIE-VERLAG GmbH (Elsevier Ltd.). 1969 [2016-04-29]. ISBN 978-0-08-011635-8. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-011635-8.50004-8. （原始内容存档于2017-07-06）.
Rona, Peter A. Resources of the Sea Floor. Science. 2003, 299 (5607): 673–74 [2007-02-04]. PMID 12560541. doi:10.1126/science.1080679. （原始内容存档于2007-06-25）.
Turner, B. L., II. The Earth As Transformed by Human Action: Global And Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Past 300 Years. CUP Archive. 1990: 164 [2016-08-12]. ISBN 0521363578. （原始内容存档于2015-03-18）.
Walsh, Patrick J. Sharon L. Smith, Lora E. Fleming , 编. Oceans and human health: risks and remedies from the seas. Academic Press, 2008. 1997-05-16: 212 [2016-08-12]. ISBN 0-12-372584-4. （原始内容存档于2016-05-02）.
Mary Elizabeth Joe. Earth. prezi.com. 2014-02-16 [2016-08-18]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-25）.
Staff. Evidence is now 'unequivocal' that humans are causing global warming – UN report. United Nations. 2007-02-02 [2007-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-21）.
Geography. The American Heritage Dictionary/ of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. [2006-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-09）.
测量的定义及方法_测量的定义及方法_中国仪表网. www.ybzhan.cn. [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）.
Various '7 billionth' babies celebrated worldwide. [2011-10-31]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-23）.
Staff. World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. United Nations. [2007-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2009-09-05）.
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 2007, 4 (2): 439–73 [2007-03-31]. doi:10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007. （原始内容存档于2007-12-21）.
Staff. Themes & Issues. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-10）.
Staff. Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert. Information Management Group. 2006-08-15 [2007-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-27）.
李盛明. 纪念人类抵达南极点100周年. 中国科学报社. 光明日报. 2011-12-03 [2016-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-20）.
U.N. Charter Index. United Nations. [2008-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-20）.
Staff. International Law. United Nations. [2007-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-31）.
Wade, Mark. Astronaut Statistics. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2008-06-30 [2008-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-30）.
Reference Guide to the International Space Station. NASA. 2007-01-16 [2008-12-23]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-19）.
Morais, M.H.M.; Morbidelli, A. The Population of Near-Earth Asteroids in Coorbital Motion with the Earth. Icarus. 2002, 160: 1–9 [2010年3月17日]. Bibcode:2002Icar..160....1M. doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6937. （原始内容存档于2019年5月5日）.
What Causes Tides? - NOAA's National Ocean Service. [2016-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-20）.
Whitehouse, David. Earth's little brother found. BBC News. 2002-10-21 [2007-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-03）.
Greicius, Tony. Small Asteroid Is Earth's Constant Companion. NASA. 2016-06-15 [2016-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-19）.
Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian. Earth's Trojan asteroid. Nature. 2011-07-27, 475 (7357): 481–83 [2011-07-27]. Bibcode:2011Natur.475..481C. PMID 21796207. doi:10.1038/nature10233. （原始内容存档于2011-07-28）.
2006 RH120 ( = 6R10DB9) (A second moon for the Earth?). Great Shefford Observatory. Great Shefford Observatory. [2015-07-17]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-06）.
Lovelock, J.E.; Margulis, L. Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: the Gaia hypothesis. Tellus. Series A (Stockholm: International Meteorological Institute). 1974, 26 (1–2): 2–10 [2012-10-20]. Bibcode:1974Tell...26....2L. ISSN 1600-0870. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01946.x. （原始内容存档于2013-04-05）.
Arnett, Bill. Earth. The Nine Planets, A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System: one star, eight planets, and more. 2006-07-16 [2010-03-09]. （原始内容存档于2000-08-23）.
Cahalan, Rose. Neil deGrasse Tyson: Why Space Matters. The Alcalde. 2012-06-05 [2016-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-28）.

webcitation.org

Staff. Useful Constants. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. 2007-08-07 [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-03）.
Stassen, Chris. The Age of the Earth. TalkOrigins Archive. 2005-09-10 [2008-12-30]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.
Doolittle, W. Ford; Worm, Boris. Uprooting the tree of life (PDF). Scientific American. February 2000, 282 (6): 90–95 [2016-08-12]. PMID 10710791. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0200-90. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-01-31）.
Tall Tales about Highest Peaks. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. [2008-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-10）.
The 'Highest' Spot on Earth. Npr.org. 2007-04-07 [2012-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-10）.
The Earth's Centre is 1000 Degrees Hotter than Previously Thought. The European Synchrotron (ESRF). 2013-04-25 [2015-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-12）.
Duennebier, Fred. Pacific Plate Motion. University of Hawaii. 1999-08-12 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.
Mueller, R. D.; et al. Age of the Ocean Floor Poster. NOAA. 2007-03-07 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.
Meschede, Martin; Barckhausen, Udo. Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Texas A&M University. 2000-11-20 [2007-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.
Staff. GPS Time Series. NASA JPL. [2007-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.
Staff. Layers of the Earth. Volcano World. [2007-03-11]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-19）.
Jessey, David. Weathering and Sedimentary Rocks. Cal Poly Pomona. [2007-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-21）.
Charette, Matthew A.; Smith, Walter H. F. The Volume of Earth's Ocean (PDF). Oceanography. June 2010, 23 (2): 112–14 [2013-06-06]. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.51. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-08-02）.
Mullen, Leslie. Salt of the Early Earth. NASA Astrobiology Magazine. 2002-06-11 [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-22）.
Staff. Earth's Atmosphere. NASA. 2003-10-08 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-25）.
Moran, Joseph M. Weather. World Book Online Reference Center. NASA/World Book, Inc. 2005 [2007-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-10）.
Berger, Wolfgang H. The Earth's Climate System. University of California, San Diego. 2002 [2007-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-10）.
de Córdoba, S. Sanz Fernández. Presentation of the Karman separation line, used as the boundary separating Aeronautics and Astronautics. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. 2004-06-21 [2007-04-21]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-17）.
Abedon, Stephen T. History of Earth. Ohio State University. 1997-03-31 [2007-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-10）.
Cluster reveals the reformation of the Earth's bow shock. European Space Agency. 2011-05-11 [2016-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-28）.
Leap seconds. Time Service Department, USNO. [2008-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-27）.
Vázquez, M.; Rodríguez, P. Montañés; Palle, E. The Earth as an Object of Astrophysical Interest in the Search for Extrasolar Planets (PDF). Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. 2006 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-22）.
Fisher, Rick. Earth Rotation and Equatorial Coordinates. National Radio Astronomy Observatory. 1996-02-05 [2007-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.
Staff. Astrobiology Roadmap. NASA, Lockheed Martin. September 2003 [2007-03-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-11）.
Staff. Human Population: Fundamentals of Growth: Growth. Population Reference Bureau. 2007 [2007-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-10）.
Apollo 13 The Seventh Mission: The Third Lunar Landing Attempt 11 April–17 April 1970. NASA. [2015-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-02）.
Space Topics: Pluto and Charon. The Planetary Society. [2010-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-15）.
Espenak, F.; Meeus, J. Secular acceleration of the Moon. NASA. 2007-02-07 [2007-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.
Poropudas, Hannu K. J. Using Coral as a Clock. Skeptic Tank. 1991-12-16 [2007-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-14）.
Choi, Charles Q. First Asteroid Companion of Earth Discovered at Last. Space.com. 2011-07-27 [2011-07-27]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-15）.
Russell, Jeffrey B. The Myth of the Flat Earth. American Scientific Affiliation. [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）. ; but see also Cosmas Indicopleustes（英语：Cosmas Indicopleustes）

wikipedia.org

en.wikipedia.org

因為自然的變動，模糊了周圍的冰架和繪製地圖的高程基準，使得精確的陸地和海洋覆蓋值變得沒有意義。基於來自向量地圖（英语：Vector map）和全球土地覆蓋物（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）的數據，極端的湖泊和溪流覆蓋著地球表面的0.6%和1.0%。支撐南極和格陵蘭冰架的陸地有許多位於海平面之下，但也算成是陸地。
這是採取日本測量船海溝號（英语：Kaikō）（遙控潛水器）在1995年3月24日的數值，被認為是迄今最精確的測量。請參閱挑戰者深淵條目，有更詳細的資訊。
Cavosie, A. J.; J. W. Valley; S.A.Wilde; E.I.M.F. Magmatic δ¹⁸O in 4400–3900 Ma detrital zircons: A record of the alteration and recycling of crust in the Early Archean [碎屑狀的鋯石：太古時代地球地殼的轉變與再循環]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters（英语：Earth and Planetary Science Letters）. 2005-07-15, 235 (3–4): 663–681 [2016-11-21]. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.028. （原始内容存档于2009-08-17）（英语）.
Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard & Hamelin, Bruno. Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters（英语：Earth and Planetary Science Letters）. 1980, 47 (3): 370–82. Bibcode:1980E&PSL..47..370M. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2.
Russell, Jeffrey B. The Myth of the Flat Earth. American Scientific Affiliation. [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）. ; but see also Cosmas Indicopleustes（英语：Cosmas Indicopleustes）

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Pollack, Henry N.; Hurter, Suzanne J.; Johnson, Jeffrey R. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: Analysis of the global data set. Reviews of Geophysics. August 1993, 31 (3): 267–80 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:1993RvGeo..31..267P. doi:10.1029/93RG01249. （原始内容存档于2014-01-09）.

worldatlas.com

Hemisphere Map. WorldAtlas. [2014-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-22）.

worldbank.org

data.worldbank.org

World Bank arable land. worldbank.org. [2015-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-02）.
World Bank permanent cropland. worldbank.org. [2015-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-13）.

worldcat.org

Manhesa, Gérard; Allègre, Claude J.; Dupréa, Bernard & Hamelin, Bruno. Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 1980, 47 (3): 370–382. Bibcode:1980E&PSL..47..370M. ISSN 0012-821X. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2.
Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Czaja, Andrew D.; Tripathi, Abhishek B. Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils. Precambrian Research (Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier). 2007-10-05, 158 (3–4): 141–155. ISSN 0301-9268. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009.
Schopf, J. William. Fossil evidence of Archaean life. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (London: 皇家学会). 2006-06-29, 361 (1470): 869–885. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 1578735 . PMID 16754604. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834.
Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; et al. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences). 2015-10-19, 112: 14518–21 [2015-10-20]. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11214518B. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 4664351 . PMID 26483481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517557112. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-11-06）. Early edition, published online before print.
Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; et al. Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks. Nature Geoscience (London: 自然出版集团). January 2014, 7 (1): 25–28 [2016-08-12]. Bibcode:2014NatGe...7...25O. ISSN 1752-0894. doi:10.1038/ngeo2025. （原始内容存档于2019-12-11）.
Van Allen, James Alfred. Origins of Magnetospheric Physics. Iowa City, Iowa USA: University of Iowa Press. 2004. ISBN 9780877459217. OCLC 646887856.
Lovelock, J.E. Gaia as seen through the atmosphere. Atmospheric Environment (Elsevier). 1972, 6 (8): 579–580. Bibcode:1972AtmEn...6..579L. ISSN 1352-2310. doi:10.1016/0004-6981(72)90076-5.
Lovelock, J.E.; Margulis, L. Atmospheric homeostasis by and for the biosphere: the Gaia hypothesis. Tellus. Series A (Stockholm: International Meteorological Institute). 1974, 26 (1–2): 2–10 [2012-10-20]. Bibcode:1974Tell...26....2L. ISSN 1600-0870. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01946.x. （原始内容存档于2013-04-05）.

worldometers.info

Worldometers. [2022-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-22）.
Current World Population. worldometers. n.d. [2017-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-16）.

yahoo.com

Various '7 billionth' babies celebrated worldwide. [2011-10-31]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-23）.

ybzhan.cn

测量的定义及方法_测量的定义及方法_中国仪表网. www.ybzhan.cn. [2016-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）.