Greenhouse gas emissions (English Wikipedia)

A concise description of the greenhouse effect is given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, "What is the Greenhouse Effect?" FAQ 1.3 – AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science Archived 5 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, IIPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Chapter 1, page 115: "To balance the absorbed incoming [solar] energy, the Earth must, on average, radiate the same amount of energy back to space. Because the Earth is much colder than the Sun, it radiates at much longer wavelengths, primarily in the infrared part of the spectrum (see Figure 1). Much of this thermal radiation emitted by the land and ocean is absorbed by the atmosphere, including clouds, and reradiated back to Earth. This is called the greenhouse effect."
Schneider, Stephen H. (2001). "Global Climate Change in the Human Perspective". In Bengtsson, Lennart O.; Hammer, Claus U. (eds.). Geosphere-biosphere Interactions and Climate. Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-521-78238-8. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
Claussen, E.; Cochran, V.A.; Davis, D.P., eds. (2001). "Global Climate Data". Climate Change: Science, Strategies, & Solutions. University of Michigan. p. 373. ISBN 978-9004120242. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
Allaby, A.; Allaby, M. (1999). A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Oxford University Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-19-280079-4.
Banuri, T. (1996). Equity and social considerations. In: Climate change 1995: Economic and social dimensions of climate change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (J.P. Bruce et al. Eds.). This version: Printed by Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, and New York. PDF version: IPCC website. ISBN 978-0521568548.
"Selected Development Indicators" (PDF). World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change (PDF). Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. 2010. Tables A1 and A2. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-7987-5. ISBN 978-0821379875.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

"The use of direct-fed microbials for mitigation of ruminant methane emissions: a review".

arxiv.org

Freitag, Charlotte; Berners-Lee, Mike (December 2020). "The climate impact of ICT: A review of estimates, trends and regulations". arXiv:2102.02622 [physics.soc-ph].

axios.com

Freedman, Andrew. "Al Gore's Climate TRACE tracking group finds vast undercounts of emissions". Axios. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.

bbc.co.uk

"Climate change: 'Monumental' deal to cut HFCs, fastest growing greenhouse gases". BBC News. 15 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.

bbc.com

Paddison, Laura (28 October 2021). "How the rich are driving climate change". BBC. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
Timperley, Jocelyn. "Who is really to blame for climate change?". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
"Report: China emissions exceed all developed nations combined". BBC News. 2021-05-07.

bloomberg.com

Lombrana, Laura Millan; Warren, Hayley; Rathi, Akshat (2020). "Measuring the Carbon-Dioxide Cost of Last Year's Worldwide Wildfires". Bloomberg L.P.
"The World's Biggest Emitter of Greenhouse Gases". Bloomberg.com. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
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books.google.com

A concise description of the greenhouse effect is given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, "What is the Greenhouse Effect?" FAQ 1.3 – AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science Archived 5 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, IIPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Chapter 1, page 115: "To balance the absorbed incoming [solar] energy, the Earth must, on average, radiate the same amount of energy back to space. Because the Earth is much colder than the Sun, it radiates at much longer wavelengths, primarily in the infrared part of the spectrum (see Figure 1). Much of this thermal radiation emitted by the land and ocean is absorbed by the atmosphere, including clouds, and reradiated back to Earth. This is called the greenhouse effect."
Schneider, Stephen H. (2001). "Global Climate Change in the Human Perspective". In Bengtsson, Lennart O.; Hammer, Claus U. (eds.). Geosphere-biosphere Interactions and Climate. Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-521-78238-8. Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
Claussen, E.; Cochran, V.A.; Davis, D.P., eds. (2001). "Global Climate Data". Climate Change: Science, Strategies, & Solutions. University of Michigan. p. 373. ISBN 978-9004120242. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
Allaby, A.; Allaby, M. (1999). A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Oxford University Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-19-280079-4.

britannica.com

● "Territorial (MtCO₂)". GlobalCarbonAtlas.org. Retrieved 30 December 2021. (choose "Chart view"; use download link)
● Data for 2020 is also presented in Popovich, Nadja; Plumer, Brad (12 November 2021). "Who Has The Most Historical Responsibility for Climate Change?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021.
● Source for country populations: "List of the populations of the world's countries, dependencies, and territories". Encyclopedia Britannica.
"Historical GHG Emissions / Global Historical Emissions". ClimateWatchData.org. Climate Watch. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. ● Population data from "List of the populations of the world's countries, dependencies, and territories". britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021.

cam.ac.uk

econ.cam.ac.uk

Grubb, M. (July–September 2003). "The economics of the Kyoto protocol" (PDF). World Economics. 4 (3). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011.

repository.cam.ac.uk

Pomponi, Francesco; Moncaster, Alice (2016). "Embodied carbon mitigation and reduction in the built environment - What does the evidence say?". Journal of Environmental Management. 181: 687–700. Bibcode:2016JEnvM.181..687P. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.036. PMID 27558830. Archived from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2021-07-27.

carbonbrief.org

"Analysis: China's carbon emissions grow at fastest rate for more than a decade". Carbon Brief. 2021-05-20. Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
"The Carbon Brief Profile: India". Carbon Brief. 2019-03-14. Retrieved 2019-09-25.

carbontrust.com

"Global Carbon Mechanisms: Emerging lessons and implications (CTC748)". Carbon Trust. March 2009. p. 24. Retrieved 31 March 2010.

ciel.org

"Sweeping New Report on Global Environmental Impact of Plastics Reveals Severe Damage to Climate". Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL). Retrieved 16 May 2019.
Plastic & Climate The Hidden Costs of a Plastic Planet (PDF). Center for International Environmental Law, Environmental Integrity Project, FracTracker Alliance, Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, 5 Gyres, and Break Free From Plastic. May 2019. pp. 82–85. Retrieved 20 May 2019.

climate.gov

Lindsey, Rebecca; Dahlman, Luann. "Climate Change: Global Temperature". NOAA Climate.gov.

climatechange2013.org

Ciais, Phillipe; Sabine, Christopher; et al. "Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles" (PDF). In Stocker Thomas F.; et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. IPCC. p. 473.

climatechangetracker.org

"Yearly average temperature". Climate Change Tracker.

climatelinks.org

"Greenhouse Gas Emissions in India" (PDF). September 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-14. Retrieved 10 June 2021.

climatetrace.org

"CO₂ Emissions: China - 2020". Climate TRACE. Archived from the original on 2021-11-12. Retrieved 2021-09-27.

climatewatchdata.org

"Historical GHG Emissions / Global Historical Emissions". ClimateWatchData.org. Climate Watch. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. ● Population data from "List of the populations of the world's countries, dependencies, and territories". britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021.

cnbc.com

Clifford, Catherine (26 January 2021). "The '1%' are the main drivers of climate change, but it hits the poor the hardest: Oxfam report". CNBC. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

coatingstech-digital.org

"CoatingsTech - Coatings and Low-carbon Cement Technology". www.coatingstech-digital.org. Retrieved 2022-07-07.

colorado.edu

scholar.colorado.edu

Grant, Don; Zelinka, David; Mitova, Stefania (13 July 2021). "Reducing CO₂ emissions by targeting the world's hyper-polluting power plants". Environmental Research Letters. 16 (9): 094022. Bibcode:2021ERL....16i4022G. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac13f1. ISSN 1748-9326.

columbia.edu

eesc.columbia.edu

"Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance". The Climate System – EESC 2100 Spring 2007. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 4 November 2004. Retrieved 15 October 2010.

conservation.org

"What is a carbon footprint". www.conservation.org. Retrieved 2023-05-28.

copernicus.org

essd.copernicus.org

Friedlingstein, Pierre; O'Sullivan, Michael; Jones, Matthew W.; Anddrew, Robbie M.; et al. (11 November 2022). "Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Data description paper)". Earth System Science Data. 14 (11): 4811–4900. Bibcode:2022ESSD...14.4811F. doi:10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022. hdl:20.500.11850/594889. Data available for download at Our World in Data (cumulative and annual and per capita).

acp.copernicus.org

Ocko, Illisa; Hamburg, Steven (20 July 2022). "Climate consequences of hydrogen emissions" (PDF). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 22 (14): 9349–9368. Bibcode:2022ACP....22.9349O. doi:10.5194/acp-22-9349-2022. S2CID 250930654. Retrieved 25 April 2023.

corporatefinanceinstitute.com

"Carbon Accounting". Corporate Finance Institute. Retrieved 2023-01-06.

creativecommons.org

Andrae, Anders; Edler, Tomas (2015). "On Global Electricity Usage of Communication Technology: Trends to 2030". Challenges. 6 (1): 117–157. doi:10.3390/challe6010117. ISSN 2078-1547. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
"Fossil CO₂ emissions of all world countries - 2020 report". EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

dieterhelm.co.uk

Helm, D.; et al. (10 December 2007). Too Good To Be True? The UK's Climate Change Record (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2011.

doi.org

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